• Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese translation • Amplification means to add necessary words, phrases, clauses or sentences to the translated text in purpose of making it consistent with the target language in meaning, grammar and culture connotation. Amplification does not add new information to the message and only help understand the text. In this part we will analyze how to use amplification to achieve equivalence in English-Chinese translation in these three levels, i.e. syntactic, semantic, and rhetorical. • 1) Her tone was more friendly than David’s (tone). • 2) She sang her sweetest (song). • 3) Shall I write my name on, above or below the line?

• Ⅰ. Reasons • Ⅱ.English passive: • Syntactic passive(结构被动) • Notional passive (意义被动) • E.g. • 1）She dressed beautifully. • (She is dressed beautifully.) • 2 ）These products sell like hot cakes. (These products are sold like hot cakes. ) • Ⅲ. Chinese passive • Marked passive • Unmarked passive • Ⅳ. E-C Translation • 1. E:译为C的主动句或Unmarked passive • 2. E: 译为C的Marked passive • 3. E: 译为C的被动句的转化形式（Chinese passive may be expressed by other structure）

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Chinese-English Translation  Ⅰ. Three peaks of translation in history  1. The Translation of Buddhist Classics: the First Peak  2. The translation of books on science and technology: the second peak  （科技翻译：中国的士大夫和传教士联手将欧洲的宗教、哲 学、科技和文学等“西学”介绍到中国来。）  3.The Translation of Western Classics: the Third Peak  （鸦片战争后至“五四”前的西方政治思想和文学翻译）

16.1 IP安全性概述 6.2 IP安全体系结构 16.3 认证头标 Authentication Header 16.4 封装安全载荷ESP 16.5 安全关联组合 16.6 密钥管理 Key Management

• Ⅰ. Nida’s analysis of the process of translation • (1) analysis of the source text • (2) transfer from the source to the target language • (3) restructuring in the target language • (4) testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended（future） audience

 I. Denotative Meaning & Associative Meaning  1. Denotative meaning:  (also known as conceptual meaning) is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of the word meaning. It forms the basis for communication as the same word has the same denotative meaning to all the speakers of the same language

Idiom, as a linguistic phenomenon, can be regarded as the most special part of language, and they are heavily culture￾loaded. Because of those culture differences, idioms become one of the greatest barriers for cross-culture communication

Two tendencies often occur in the process of translation. One is going after smooth reading and beautiful language at the expense of the true meaning of the original, the other is rigidly sticking to the original words, and the translation turns out to be obscure [ əb'skjuə ] 难解的,含糊的and hard to understand

《中国古代文学》“课程思政”教学设计 《地理教学论》“课程思政”教学设计 《教育概论》“课程思政”教学设计 《中国史学史》“课程思政”教学设计 《环境工程学》“课程思政”教学设计 《化学基础》“课程思政”教学设计 《操作系统》“课程思政”教学设计 《播音主持概论》“课程思政”教学设计 《马克思主义新闻理论与实践》“课程思政”教学设计

A Contrastive Study of Differences in Thought Patterns Between English and Chinese  From the angle of translatology, translation includes thought level, semantic level and aesthetic level. But thought level is the basis and precondition upon which the other levels are built. So in this chapter we shall trace back cultural backgrounds contributing to differences in thought patterns between English and Chinese