Although the title of this paper may seem extremely broad, a very particular topic is addressed in this paper. It focuses on the extent to which the Dutch legal order recognises norms of constitutional and international law as binding not only on the legislative

According to the Questionna ire the following relevant questions were to be addressed I. Concepts and definitions I. Constitutional and legal status of Head of State, Head of Govemment and ministers in relation to national and international crim inal law Ill. Responsibility of Head of State, Head of Government and Minister(s) for criminal acts or om issions committed by their subord ina tes, i. e civil servants IV. Distinctions between governmental (official)and personal crim inal

L4: Cooperativity introduction 2 phage model n phage model (Hasty et al.) as example for applying mass action law

三种不同品质的能量 1、可无限转换的能量(Ex) 理论上可以完全转换为功的能量高级能量 如:机械能、电能、水能、风能 2、不能转换的能量(An) 理论上不能转换为功的能量如:环境(大气、海洋) 3、可有限转换的能量(Ex+An) 理论上不能完全转换为功的能量低级能量如:热能、焓、内能

The Honourable Lord Reed(1) Readers are reminded that this work is protected by copyright While they are free to use the ideas expressed in it, they may not copy, distribute or publish the work or part of it, in any form, printed electronic or otherwise, except for reasonable quoting clearly indicating the source. Readers are

空气流经某些可逆过程后分成两股,如 下图设在这些过程中可以与空气流进行热 量交换的热源只有一个。试确定这些过程中 空气流与热源之间的净传热量Qnt以及与外 界之间传递的净功量Wnao为了实现上述方 案,具体过程应该怎样安排?

本质:能量转换及守恒定律在热过程中的应用 18世纪初,工业革命,热效率只有1% 1842年,JR. Mayer阐述热一律,但没有 引起重视 1840-1849年, Joule用多种实验的一致性 证明热一律,于1950年发表并得到公认 1909年,C. Caratheodory最后完善热一律

结果说明 (1)取系统不同,考虑的角度不同

定理:在两个不同温度的恒温热源间工作的 所有热机,以可逆热机的热效率为最高

不可逆过程AS与传热量的关系，任意不可逆循环