The Classic Traditions of Civil Society 社会制衡的思想可以追溯到孟德斯鸠他曾强调一个 存在有贵族阶层的社会对于维护直由的重要性。但是在法 国大革命前后兴起的盎格鲁撒克逊式的保守主义,对托 克维尔的影响更为明显。事实上,保守主义比自由主义和 社会主义更重视教会,社会阶级家庭和财产的权利:它 一方面反对自然权利理论以及更新近的功利主义观念的权 利要求,另一方面又反对日益民的全国性政府的权利要 求
Schumpeter: Law of Nature as a Social Science 自然法”这个题目对于所有社 会科学的起源和早期历史都具 有极为重要的意义”,这首先 是因为”自然法哲学家试图建 立一门综合性的社会科学即试 图创立一种有关社会的综合性 理论涉及社会的所有方面和所 有问题 社会科学起源于自然法概念
Content Decline of Roman Empire and the rise of Christianity Saint Augustine: City of God Saint Thomas Aquinas: God and Human Being Conflict between church and king Church and Medieval Feudalism
Key Lectures 1)Social Thoughts of Ancient Greece 2)Cosmopolitanism of Mediterranean Empire: Hellenic Social Thoughts 3) Social Thoughts in Roman Law 4) Christian Social Philosophy in the Middle Ages
Key Points Roman Empire and Western Civilization Caesar and concept of western civilization Roma and Greece Roman civilization: architecture, politic and law achievements Roman law three original elements: Greek philosophy, Roman law
Key concepts of Scotch School Nature of Reason and Evolutionary Reason Unintended Consequences of Action Origin of Justice: from Feeling not from Reason Evolutionary Process of Behavior Norms System