主要内容 ·写作 。学术写作的细节问题 ·单词 ·句子 ·段落组织
写作 ◦ 学术写作的细节问题 单词 句子 段落组织
学术文章的类型（复习） 综述论文 。描绘特定主题的概况 。将大量的理论和结果集结在一起 描述某个领域的“大画面” 0 0 不要求“原创性” ·研究论文 。发表某项研究成果 。必须有“原创性” ·其他（书评、技术笔记等)
综述论文 ◦ 描绘特定主题的概况 ◦ 将大量的理论和结果集结在一起 ◦ 描述某个领域的“大画面” ◦ 不要求“原创性” 研究论文 ◦ 发表某项研究成果 ◦ 必须有“原创性” 其他（书评、技术笔记等）
整体结构（复习） ·题名 摘要 引言 ·主要的分析章节 ·结论或建议 致谢 ·参考文献
题名 摘要 引言 主要的分析章节 结论或建议 致谢 参考文献
用词
准确 ·不要使用意义不明确的形容词/副词/介词 The current remained increased for several hours. The current remained increased for 6 hours. Nests were observed frequently. Nests were observed every 12 hours. We identify people with smart phone. We identify people using smart phone
不要使用意义不明确的形容词/副词/介词 The current remained increased for several hours. The current remained increased for 6 hours. Nests were observed frequently. Nests were observed every 12 hours. We identify people with smart phone. We identify people using smart phone
准确 ·不要使用make do一类的泛指动词 。A picture was made ●A picture was taken We made the experiments We perform the experiments 。一些惯用短语除外，如making decision
不要使用make do一类的泛指动词 A picture was made A picture was taken We made the experiments We perform the experiments 一些惯用短语除外，如 making decision
准确 ·注意区分定量和定性类型研究的用语 ●Significantly ●More/less
注意区分定量和定性类型研究的用语 Significantly More/less
简洁清晰 Our results reflect deviations from .. Our results deviate from .. 类似：Achieve improvement/improve 。避免名词的堆叠 Building energy efficiency improvement Improvement of energy efficiency in buildings Energy-efficiency improvement in buildings
Our results reflect deviations from … Our results deviate from … 类似：Achieve improvement/ improve 避免名词的堆叠 Building energy efficiency improvement Improvement of energy efficiency in buildings Energy-efficiency improvement in buildings
避免过于口语化 ·可以使用 Many/numerous/large amounts of ·尽量避免 Lots of a lot of
可以使用 ◦ Many/ numerous/ large amounts of 尽量避免 ◦ Lots of / a lot of
避免性别歧视 避免使用涉及性别的代词等 Man is not the only.… A owner wants to maximize his benefits... ·使用通用词 Human is not the only .. ·使用复数 Owners want to maximize their benefits... ·使用两性的代词 A owner wants to maximize his/her benefits
避免使用涉及性别的代词等 ◦ Man is not the only … ◦ A owner wants to maximize his benefits… 使用通用词 ◦ Human is not the only … 使用复数 ◦ Owners want to maximize their benefits… 使用两性的代词 ◦ A owner wants to maximize his/her benefits…