中山大学生科院 彰他们为研究器官发育和程序性细胞死 亡过程中的 细胞生物学期末试卷 作出的重大贡献 2000级生物科学、生物技术、药学5.在线粒体内膜的呼吸链上有四种类型的电 专业,共164人) 子载体,它们是 任课教师:王金发 ①②③ 2002年1月6日 姓名:班级:二、判斷题(正确的标T,错误的标F或写出 要的答案,共15分) 填空题每空0.5分,共10分) 1 Indicate whether each of the following 分泌蛋白在内质网中通过加上 statements is true of the gl phase of the cell 进行翻译后修饰。蛋白质 cycle, the S phase, the G2 phase, or the M phase. 和 a] A given statement may be true of any, all, or 腔中被被修饰。分泌蛋白通过 none of the phases.(每题0.5分,共5分) 并形成 进行转运。有两a) The amount of nuclear dna in the cell 种类型的包被小泡,一种 doubles. 是 它介导(b) The nuclear envelope breaks into fragments Fp E(c) Sister chromatids separate from each other 小泡,它介导 的运输。低d) Cells that will never divide again are likely to 密度的脂蛋白通过其表面的 be arrested in this phase 与细胞质膜中的 结合,然(e) The primary cell wall of a plant cell forms 后通过 被运( Chromosomes are present as diffuse, extended 进细胞内 2.控制芽殖酵母细胞周期有几个关卡,其中(g) This phase is part of interphase. G1关卡主要受 基因的控制。 (h) Mitotic cydin is at its lowest level. 3.染色质由DNA包装成染色体压缩了8400() A Cdk protein is present in the cell 倍,其中压缩率最高的是 O A cell cycle checkpo int has been identif ied 4.2002年的生理学医学诺贝尔奖颁给了两2.同一个体不同组织的细胞中,核仁的大小 位英国科学家和一位美国科学家,以表 和数目都有很大的变化,这种变化和细胞
1 中山大学生科院 细胞生物学期末试卷 (2000 级生物科学、生物技术、药学 专业, 共 164 人) 任课教师∶ 王金发 2002 年 1 月 6 日 姓 名∶ 班 级∶ 一、填空题(每空 0.5 分，共 10 分) 1. 分 泌 蛋 白 在 内 质 网 中 通 过 加 上 进行翻译后修饰。蛋白质 在 和 的 腔 中 被 被 修 饰 。 分 泌 蛋 白 通 过 并形成 进行转运。有两 种类型的包被小泡，一种 是 ， 它 介 导 的 运 输 ； 另 一 种 是 小泡，它介导 的运输。低 密度的脂蛋白通过其表面的 与细胞质膜中的 结合，然 后通过 被运 进细胞内。 2. 控制芽殖酵母细胞周期有几个关卡，其中 G1 关卡主要受 基因的控制。 3. 染色质由 DNA 包装成染色体压缩了 8400 倍，其中压缩率最高的是 从 压 缩 成 ，有 倍。 4. 2002 年的生理学/医学诺贝尔奖颁给了两 位英国科学家和一位美国科学家，以表 彰他们为研究器官发育和程序性细胞死 亡过程中的 所 作出的重大贡献。 5. 在线粒体内膜的呼吸链上有四种类型的电 子载体，它们是∶ ① ； ② ； ③ ； ④ 。 二、判断题(正确的标T，错误的标F,或写出必 要的答案，共15分) 1.Indicate whether each of the following statements is true of the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the S phase, the G2 phase, or the M phase. A given statement may be true of any, all, or none of the phases.（每题 0.5 分，共 5 分） (a) The amount of nuclear DNA in the cell doubles. (b) The nuclear envelope breaks into fragments. (c) Sister chromatids separate from each other. (d) Cells that will never divide again are likely to be arrested in this phase. (e) The primary cell wall of a plant cell forms. (f) Chromosomes are present as diffuse, extended chromatin. (g) This phase is part of interphase. (h) Mitotic cydin is at its lowest level. (i) A Cdk protein is present in the cell. (j) A cell cycle checkpoint has been identified in this phase. 2. 同一个体不同组织的细胞中, 核仁的大小 和数目都有很大的变化, 这种变化和细胞
中蛋白质合成的旺盛程度有关。( a Nuclear degeneration 3.将同步生长的M期细胞与同步生长的S期 b Growth of the smooth er 细胞融合,除了见到正常的染色体外,还可 c Increased lysosomes 见到细线状的染色体。() d Growth of rough ER 4.在有丝分裂后期,通过对周期蛋白的遍在 e. None of the above 蛋白多聚化,介导周期蛋白被蛋白酶体降2. Which of the follow ing proteins would not 解,从而退出M期。() be found in the smooth 核纤层是由核纤层蛋白A、核纤层蛋白B 和核纤层蛋白C构成的,其中只有核纤层 蛋白A与内核膜相连,核纤层蛋白B和C 则与染色质相连。() 6.在细胞周期中,如果纺锤体装配不正常, 则被阻止G2期。 7.结合有核糖体的内质网被称为粗面内质 microsomes can't be seen in cells viewed 网,脱去核糖体的内质网则称为光面 with the electron microscope? 质网。() a. They are far too small 8.同源异型框是一类同源异型基因表达产物 ney are artifacts of 中60个氨基酸的保守序列,它的突变 homogenization and centrifugation 可以改变发育的方向。() c. They are transparent to electrons 9.叶绿体的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶是由16个 d. They actually can be seen in 亚基组成的聚合体,其中8个大亚基是核 electron micrographs of cells 基因编码的。( 4. If you compared the proteins in a cis 10.有丝分裂器中有三种类型的纺锤体微管 Golgi compartment with those in a 其中星微管的可能作用是给核分裂传 Golgi compartment, you would 递信号。() 11.在减数分裂过程中,染色体间发生的分子 a. the proteins in the two compartments 重组是随机发生的。() are identical b the proteins in the cis compartment are 三、选择题请将正确答案的代号填入括号,每 glycosylated and contain 题1分,共15分) dified amino ac ids. whereas those 1. Ethyl al cohol is detoxin ied in the liver. You in the trans compartment are not would expect alcohol to have which of modified the following effects on liver cells? c the proteins in the cis compartment are glycosylated, whereas those in the
2 中蛋白质合成的旺盛程度有关。( ) 3. 将同步生长的M 期细胞与同步生长的S 期 细胞融合,除了见到正常的染色体外,还可 见到细线状的染色体。( ) 4. 在有丝分裂后期，通过对周期蛋白的遍在 蛋白多聚化，介导周期蛋白被蛋白酶体降 解，从而退出 M 期。( ) 5. 核纤层是由核纤层蛋白 A、核纤层蛋白 B 和核纤层蛋白 C 构成的，其中只有核纤层 蛋白 A 与内核膜相连，核纤层蛋白 B 和 C 则与染色质相连。( ) 6. 在细胞周期中，如果纺锤体装配不正常， 则被阻止 G2期。 7. 结合有核糖体的内质网被称为粗面内质 网，脱去核糖体的内质网则称为光面内 质网。( ) 8. 同源异型框是一类同源异型基因表达产物 中 60 个氨基酸的保守序列, 它的突变 可以改变发育的方向。( ) 9. 叶绿体的核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶是由 16 个 亚基组成的聚合体, 其中8 个大亚基是核 基因编码的。( ) 10. 有丝分裂器中有三种类型的纺锤体微管， 其中星微管的可能作用是给核分裂传 递信号。（ ） 11. 在减数分裂过程中,染色体间发生的分子 重组是随机发生的。( ) 三、选择题(请将正确答案的代号填入括号，每 题1分，共15分) 1. Ethyl alcohol is detoxified in the liver. You would expect alcohol to have which of the following effects on liver cells? （ ） a. Nuclear degeneration b. Growth of the smooth ER c. Increased lysosomes d. Growth of rough ER e. None of the above 2. Which of the following proteins would not be found in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?（ ） a. Ca2+ -pumping enzymes b. cytochrome P450 c. glucose 6-phosphatase d. signal peptidase 3. Which of the following explains why microsomes can't be seen in cells viewed with the electron microscope?（ ） a. They are far too small. b. They are artifacts of homogenization and centrifugation. c. They are transparent to electrons. d. They actually can be seen in electron micrographs of cells. 4. If you compared the proteins in a cis Golgi compartment with those in a trans Golgi compartment, you would find: （ ） a. the proteins in the two compartments are identical. b. the proteins in the cis compartment are glycosylated and contain modified amino acids, whereas those in the trans compartment are not modified. c. the proteins in the cis compartment are glycosylated, whereas those in the
trans compartment are gly cosylated side arms, and ATPase activity and contain modified amino acids d. the proteins of the cis compartment side arms, ATPase activ ity, and a are shorter than those of the trans Membran 5. Which type of vesicle of the trans Golgi integral membrane proteins that car ust have smic reticule network would be most likely to carry hormones destined for regulated secretion? b. bind to tropomyosin and troponin. c. undergo action potentials a lysosomal vesicles d contract b clathrin-coated vesicles 9. When chromatin is treated with nonspecific nucleases, what is the length of the d. all of the above reulting pieces of DNA? 6. If you treated cells with a drug that interfer a random numbers of base pairs which of the following would result? c.about 8 base pairs ould be disrupted. 10. What do te and meiosis would not the chromsomes from U degradation by nucleases c. The intracellular location of b. They prevent the ends of chromosomes organelles would be disrupted from fusing with one another d. all of the above would result c. They are required for complete First you dissolve the membrane from an intact flagellum, using the detergent Trito d. all of t X-100. Next you soak the axoneme in a 11. Cyclin concentrations are highest during solution contain ing EDTA, which removes which periods of the cell cycle? the mg. what remains of the axoneme a late G I and early S after these treatm a. peripheral tubules only c. late GI and late g2 b. peripheral tubules and central d. late m and late s tubules, but no side arms or atpase12.ARF是一种单体G蛋白,它有一个 activity GTP/GDP结合位点,当结合有GDP时
3 trans compartment are glycosylated and contain modified amino acids. d. the proteins of the cis compartment are shorter than those of the trans compartment. 5. Which type of vesicle of the trans Golgi network would be most likely to carry hormones destined for regulated secretion? （ ） a. lysosomal vesicles b. clathrin-coated vesicles c. non-clathrin-coated vesicles d. all of the above 6. If you treated cells with a drug that interferes with microtubules, such as colchicine, which of the following would result? （ ） a. Cell shape would be disrupted. b. Mitosis and meiosis would not occur. c. The intracellular location of organelles would be disrupted. d. All of the above would result. 7. First you dissolve the membrane from an intact flagellum, using the detergent Triton X-100. Next you soak the axoneme in a solution containing EDTA, which removes the Mg2+. What remains of the axoneme after these treatments?（ ） a. peripheral tubules only b. peripheral tubules and central tubules, but no side arms or ATPase activity c. peripheral tubules, central tubules, side arms, and ATPase activity d. peripheral tubules, central tubules, side arms, ATPase activity, and a Membrane 8. The sarcoplasmic reticulum must have integral membrane proteins that can: a. release and pump Ca2+.（ ） b. bind to tropomyosin and troponin. c. undergo action potentials. d. contract. 9. When chromatin is treated with nonspecific nucleases, what is the length of the reulting pieces of DNA? a. random numbers of base pairs b. about 60 base pairs c. about 8 base pairs d. about 200 base pairs 10. What do telomeres do?（ ） a. They protect the chromsomes from degradation by nucleases. b. They prevent the ends of chromosomes from fusing with one another. c. They are required for complete chromosomal replication. d. all of the above 11. Cyclin concentrations are highest during which periods of the cell cycle?（ ） a. late G1 and early S b. late G2 and early M c. late G1 and late G2 d. late M and late S 12. ARF 是 一 种 单体 G 蛋 白 , 它有一个 GTP/GDP 结合位点, 当结合有 GDP 时, 没
有活性。若 ARF-GDP同()结合,可 contained an analogue of gtp that cannot be 引起GDP和GTP的交换 bGTP酶激活蛋白; cCa2+- ATPase d.鸟嘌呤核苷释放蛋 白 13.用剧烈方法分离到的叶绿体是Ⅱ型叶绿3. State the conclusion that can be drawn from 体,不能() following finding a.产生O b不能合成ATP 不能产生 nadPh d不能固定CO colchicine, its microtubules depoly 14.细胞的生长和分化在本质上是不同的,生 and virtually disappear. If the colchicine is 长是细胞数量的增加、干重 then washed away, the MTs appear again, 的增加:而细胞分化则是 beginning at the centrosome and elongating a.形态结构发生变化;b.生理功能发 outward at about the rate (1 gm/min)at 生变化 which tubulin polymerizes in vitro c.生化特征发生变化;d.以上都是正 确的 15.真核生物的基因表达调控发生在四个水平 上。通过对DNA的甲基化来关闭基因的4.什么是蛋白质N-连接糖基化和0-连接糖 调控则是属于( 基化?发生在何种部位? 染色质活性水平的调控;b.转录水平 调控 c.转录后加工水平的调控:d.翻译水平 的调控。 5.过氧化物酶体是怎样进行氧浓度调节的?有 什么意义? 四、简答题(选做4题,每题5分,20分) L. How does regulated secretion differ from 五、计算与推理(第1题必做,2、3选一题, 每题5分,共10分) a human 2. Dynamic instab ility causes microtubules either chromosome spread, you observe a thick fiber to grow or to shrink rapid ly. Consider with a length of about 900 nm and an apparent individual micro-tubule that is in its shrinking diameter of 30 nm, which is expected phase. hat would happen if the solution for the solenoid structure of condensed
4 有活性。若 ARF-GDP 同( )结合, 可 引起 GDP 和 GTP 的交换。 a.GTPase; b.GTP 酶激活蛋白; c.Ca2+ -ATPase d.鸟嘌呤核苷释放蛋 白。 13. 用剧烈方法分离到的叶绿体是Ⅱ型叶绿 体，不能( ) 。 a. 产生 O2 b.不能合成 ATP c. 不能产生 NADPH d.不能固定 CO2 14. 细胞的生长和分化在本质上是不同的, 生 长是细胞数量的增加、干重 的增加；而细胞分化则是: ( ) a. 形态结构发生变化; b. 生理功能发 生变化; c. 生化特征发生变化; d. 以上都是正 确的。 15. 真核生物的基因表达调控发生在四个水平 上。通过对 DNA 的甲基化来关闭基因的 调控则是属于( )。 a. 染色质活性水平的调控；b. 转录水平 调控； c. 转录后加工水平的调控；d. 翻译水平 的调控。 四、简答题(选做 4 题，每题 5 分，20 分) 1. How does regulated secretion differ from constitutive secretion? 2. Dynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly. Consider an individual micro-tubule that is in its shrinking phase. What would happen if the solution contained an analogue of GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed? 3. State the conclusion that can be drawn from the following finding: When an animal cell is treated with colchicine, its microtubules depolymerize and virtually disappear. If the colchicine is then washed away, the MTs appear again, beginning at the centrosome and elongating outward at about the rate (1 gm/min) at which tubulin polymerizes in vitro. 4. 什么是蛋白质 N-连接糖基化和 O-连接糖 基化？发生在何种部位？ 5. 过氧化物酶体是怎样进行氧浓度调节的?有 什么意义? 五、计算与推理(第 1 题必做，2、3 选一题， 每题 5 分，共 10 分) 1. In an electron micrograph of a human chromosome spread, you observe a thick fiber with a length of about 900 nm and an apparent diameter of 30 nm, which is expected for the solenoid structure of condensed
What is the length in base pairs of the cytoplas mic dynein vs. kinesin double-helical DNA present in this fiber? one helical turn of the solenoid per 30 he fib ctions of the mitotic Cak(the MPF cause a2.后期A与后期 halfway through M phase. Describe the gest possible mechanisms by 七、综合问答题(任选一题,20分) 3. A protein that inhibits certain proteolytic1.细胞内蛋白质有那些分选途径?各自的机 enzymes( pro teases) is normally secreted理如 nto the bloodstream by liver cells. This inhibitor protein, antitrypsin,, is absent from2.比较裂殖酵母、芽殖酵母和哺乳动物细胞 the bloodstream of patients who carry a周期调控的异同。 mutation that results in a single amino acid hange in the protein. Antitrypsin deficiency八、附加题(每题5分,共15分) lung tissue, because of the uncontrolled 1. State the conclusion that can be drawn from activ ity of proteases. Surprisingly, when the the following finding mutant antitrypsin is synthesized in the Extracts from nondividing frog eggs in laboratory, it is as active as the normal the G2 ph Ititrypsin at inhib iting proteases. Why then were found to contain structures that does the mutation cause the disease? Think could induce the polymerization of more than one possibility and suggest f tubulin into microtubule which you could disting When examined by immunostaining. these structures were shown to contain pericentrin(中心粒旁侧蛋白) 六、比较题(每题5分,共10分) 1. Compare and contrast the 2. The signal recognition particle(SKP))
5 chromatin. What is the length in base pairs of the double-helical DNA present in this fiber? Assume, for simplicity, that there is one helical turn of the solenoid per 30 nm along the fiber. 2. One of the functions of the mitotic Cdk (the MPF protein kinase) is to cause a precipitous drop in cyclin concentration halfway through M phase. Describe the consequences of this sudden decrease and suggest possible mechanisms by which it might occur. 3. A protein that inhibits certain proteolytic enzymes (proteases) is normally secreted into the bloodstream by liver cells. This inhibitor protein, antitrypsin, is absent from the bloodstream of patients who carry a mutation that results in a single amino acid change in the protein. Antitrypsin deficiency lung tissue, because of the uncontrolled activity of proteases. Surprisingly, when the mutant antitrypsin is synthesized in the laboratory, it is as active as the normal antitrypsin at inhibiting proteases. Why then does the mutation cause the disease? Think of more than one possibility and suggest ways in which you could distinguish between them. 六、比较题（每题 5 分，共 10 分） 1. Co m p ar e a nd co nt r as t th e following : cytoplas mi c dynein vs. kinesin 2. 后期 A 与后期 B 七、综合问答题(任选一题，20 分) 1. 细胞内蛋白质有那些分选途径？各自的机 理如何？ 2. 比较裂殖酵母、芽殖酵母和哺乳动物细胞 周期调控的异同。 八、附加题（每题 5 分，共 15 分） 1. State the conclusion that can be drawn from the following finding: Extracts from nondividing frog eggs in the G2 phase of the cell cycle were found to contain structures that could induce the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules in vitro. When examined by immunostaining, these structures were shown to contain pericentrin（中心粒旁侧蛋白）. 2. The signal recognition particle (SKP))
is involved in regulating the elongation of nascent secretory proteins and targeting them to the endoplasmic reticulum. Describe ar experiment in which these functions of sRP have been demonstrated 3. Dephosphorylation is an important event that affects cellular structures during mitosis. Describe two of these events
6 is involved in regulating the elongation of nascent secretory proteins and targeting them to the endoplasmic reticulum. Describe an experiment in which these functions of SRP have been demonstrated. 3. Dephosphorylation is an important event that affects cellular structures during mitosis. Describe two of these events