中山大学生科院 hold on the 细胞生物学期中试卷 matrIx (2000级生物科学、生物技术、药学9.动物细胞质膜靠_ 建立 专业,164人) 膜两侧的质子动力势,而植物细胞则是 任课教师:王金发 10.蛋白质合成时多聚核糖体的形成对生命活 动的意义在于 2002年1月16日 姓名 11.限制哺乳动物细胞体积大小的主要因素有 两个一种是 丶、填空题(每空0.5分,共10分) 的关系 另 1.细胞中水对于维持细胞温度的相对稳定具是 有重要作用,其原因是 12.Ca2+ ATPase是一个 次跨膜 的膜蛋白,有 个细胞质环,工作时 2.纤粘连蛋白与细胞结合的结构域具有特征 每次可以将 个Ca泵到细胞 性的三肽结构,简称RGD 外 序列,代表的三个氨基酸13.选择蛋白介导的细胞粘着是 赖性的,而免疫球蛋白超家 is an intracellular 族蛋白介导的细胞粘着是 protein that binds calcium and activates赖性的 4. A substance that fits into a specific binding二、判断题若是正确的标√号,错误的标x site on the surface of a protein molecule 号,每题1分,共20分) 1.K离子很难通过人工膜,但加入短杆菌肽 5. Two products of phospholipase C activity A后,对K的透性大大增 加,原因是短杆菌肽A可作为离子载体运输 2. One can determine if a membrane protein is 6. Cyclic AMP is produced by the enzym exposed on the external side and degraded of the plasma membrane by covalent by the enzyme 7.NO是一种气体信号分子在体内主要由精 by protease digestion only if the membrane is 氨酸产生,它的半衰期很短 故只作用于邻近细胞,它作用的靶 3.脂锚定蛋白是通过蛋白的氨基酸残基同膜 脂的脂肪酸链形成共价键而 Junctions enable cells to 锚定在质膜上。()
1 中山大学生科院 细胞生物学期中试卷 (2000 级生物科学、生物技术、药学 专业,164 人) 任课教师∶ 王金发 2002 年 11 月 16 日 姓 名∶ 专 业∶ 一、填空题(每空 0.5 分，共 10 分) 1. 细胞中水对于维持细胞温度的相对稳定具 有重要作用，其原因是 。 2. 纤粘连蛋白与细胞结合的结构域具有特征 性的三肽结构，简称RGD 序列，代表的三个氨基酸 是∶ 。 3. _ _ is an intracellular protein that binds calcium and activates enzymes. 4. A substance that fits into a specific binding site on the surface of a protein molecule is called a __ . 5. Two products of phospholipase C activity that serve as second messengers are _ and . 6. Cyclic AMP is produced by the enzyme _ _ and degraded by the enzyme _ _ 7. NO 是一种气体信号分子,在体内主要由精 氨酸产生, 它的半衰期很短, 故 只 作 用 于邻 近 细 胞 , 它 作 用的 靶 酶 是 。 8. junctions enable cells to get a hold on the extracellular matrix by connecting their actin filaments to the matrix. 9. 动物细胞质膜靠 建立 膜两侧的质子动力势，而植物细胞则是 靠 。 10. 蛋白质合成时多聚核糖体的形成对生命活 动的意义在于: 。 11. 限制哺乳动物细胞体积大小的主要因素有 两个:一种是 的关系 , 另一种 是 。 12. Ca2+ -ATPase 是一个 次跨膜 的膜蛋白，有 个细胞质环，工作时 每次可以将 个 Ca2+泵到细胞 外。 13. 选择蛋白介导的细胞粘着是 依 赖性的, 而免疫球蛋白超家 族蛋白介导的细胞粘着是 依 赖性的。 二、判断题(若是正确的标√ 号， 错误的标× 号，每题1分，共20分) 1. K+ 离子很难通过人工膜, 但加入短杆菌肽 A 后, 对 K + 的透性大大增 加, 原因是短杆菌肽 A 可作为离子载体运输 K +。( ) 2. One can determine if a membrane protein is exposed on the external side of the plasma membrane by covalent attachment of a labeling reagent or by protease digestion only if the membrane is intact. ( ) 3. 脂锚定蛋白是通过蛋白的氨基酸残基同膜 脂的脂肪酸链形成共价键而 锚定在质膜上。( )
4.CsCl密度梯度离心法分离纯化样品时,样品 ighboring cell or to 要和CsCl混匀后分装,离 matrix.( 心时,样品中不同组分的重力不同,停留 在不同区带。() 15. NO acts only locally because it has a short 5.载体蛋白,又称为通透酶,它象酶一样,不 half-lift- bout 5 to 10 seconds- in th 能改变反应平衡,只能增加达到反应平衡 extracellular space before it is converted to 的速度,但与酶不同的是载体蛋白不对mats 被运的分子作任何修饰。 and nitrites by oxygen and water. ( 6.Ⅱ型内含子的剪接与核剪接机理相似,都16. Water-soluble signal ing molecules, which 要形成剪接体和套索结构。() 7.5 SrRNA是由RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录的,它使 usually mediate responses of short duration 用的是内部启动子。() hereas water-insoluble ones. which 8. The surface area/volume ratio is generally persist in the blood for hours to days, tend greater for a prokaryotic cell to mediate longer-lasting responses. than for a eukaryotic cell. 17. Ribozyme(核酶)的化学本质是RNA,但具 有酶的活性,专司切割RNA。() your musde cells are more like 18.真核生物的28S、18S和5S的RNA属于 those of the bacteria in your intestine than 同一个转录单位先转录成一个45S的前 they are like the ribosomes 体,然后边加工边装配核糖体的大、小 in the cytosol of your musde cells. 两个亚基。() 19.水是细胞的主要成分,并且多以结合水的 10. Facilitated diffusion of a cation occurs on 形式存在于细胞中 20.为了使光学显微镜或电子显微镜标本的反 to a compartment o 差增大,可用化学染料对它们进行染色。 concentration. I 1. Active transport is always driven by the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate 三、选择题请将正确答案的代号填入括号,每 题1分,共20分) 12. Treatment of an animal cell with an inhibit1.下列内容中除了()以外,都是细胞学 that is specific for the Na/K+ pump is not说的要点 likely to affect the uptake of glucose by a.所有生物都是由一个或多个细胞构成 sodium cotransport. b.细胞是生命的最简单形式 13. Tight junctions get their name from their c.细胞是生命的结构单元 d.细胞从初始细胞分化而来 so tightly that they cannot be separated by2.在动物细胞培养过程中要用()来进 mechanical forces 行观察。 14. Gap junctions connect the cy toskeletal a.相差显微镜;b.荧光显微镜; lements of one cell to a c.倒置显微镜,d.普通光学显微镜
2 4. CsCl密度梯度离心法分离纯化样品时, 样品 要和 CsCl 混匀后分装, 离 心时, 样品中不同组分的重力不同, 停留 在不同区带。( ) 5. 载体蛋白, 又称为通透酶, 它象酶一样, 不 能改变反应平衡,只能增加达到反应平衡 的速度; 但与酶不同的是, 载体蛋白不对 被运的分子作任何修饰。( ) 6. Ⅱ型内含子的剪接与核剪接机理相似, 都 要形成剪接体和套索结构。( ) 7. 5SrRNA 是由 RNA 聚合酶Ⅱ转录的, 它使 用的是内部启动子。( ) 8. The surface area/volume ratio is generally greater for a prokaryotic cell than for a eukaryotic cell.（ ） 9. The ribosomes found in the mitochondria of your musde cells are more like those of the bacteria in your intestine than they are like the ribosomes in the cytosol of your musde cells. （ ） 10. Facilitated diffusion of a cation occurs only from a compartment of higher concentration to a compartment of lower concentration.( ) 11. Active transport is always driven by the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds.( ) 12. Treatment of an animal cell with an inhibitor that is specific for the Na+ /K+ pump is not likely to affect the uptake of glucose by sodium cotransport.( ) 13. Tight junctions get their name from their property of holding cells together so tightly that they cannot be separated by mechanical forces.（ ） 14. Gap junctions connect the cytoskeletal elements of one cell to a neighboring cell or to the extracellular matrix.（ ） 15. NO acts only locally because it has a short half-life--about 5 to 10 seconds--in the extracellular space before it is converted to nitrates and nitrites by oxygen and water.( ) 16. Water-soluble signaling molecules, which have very short circulating life-times, usually mediate responses of short duration, whereas water-insoluble ones, which persist in the blood for hours to days, tend to mediate longer-lasting responses.( ) 17. Ribozyme(核酶)的化学本质是 RNA, 但具 有酶的活性, 专司切割 RNA。( ) 18．真核生物的 28S、18S 和 5S 的 rRNA 属于 同一个转录单位，先转录成一个 45S 的前 体， 然后边加工边装配核糖体的大、小 两个亚基。( ) 19．水是细胞的主要成分, 并且多以结合水的 形式存在于细胞中。( ) 20. 为了使光学显微镜或电子显微镜标本的反 差增大, 可用化学染料对它们进行染色。 ( ) 三、选择题(请将正确答案的代号填入括号，每 题 1 分，共 20 分) 1. 下列内容中除了( )以外, 都是细胞学 说的要点。 a. 所有生物都是由一个或多个细胞构成 b. 细胞是生命的最简单形式 c. 细胞是生命的结构单元 d. 细胞从初始细胞分化而来 2. 在动物细胞培养过程中要用( ) 来进 行观察。 a. 相差显微镜; b. 荧光显微镜; c. 倒置显微镜; d. 普通光学显微镜
3.下述哪一种情况能够支持核糖体RNA具有 the memb 催化活性?() There cannot be membrane rrnA碱基序列是高度保守的而核糖体 otential under these conditions 蛋白的氨基酸序列则不然 ore information is needed to b.具有对抗生素抗性的细菌在rRNA分子 termine whether K+ is at 中有取代的碱基而在核糖 体蛋白质中没有被取代的氨基酸 7. Which mutant form of ras is likely to cause c肽酰转移酶的反应对核糖核酸酶敏感 malignancy?( d.上述都是 a. ras that cannot hydrolyze GTP 4.用抗纤连蛋白的抗体注射胚体,发现在神经b. s that cannot bind to gtp 系统发育过程中神经嵴细 that cannot bind to grb2 or sos 胞的移动受到抑制。这些实验说明 d. ras that cannot bind to rat 8. The hormone glucagon stimulates the a.神经嵴发育包括抗体基因的表达 breakdown of stored glycogen in liver and b.发育中的神经无需要合成纤连蛋白 c纤连蛋白抗体复合物形成神经移动途 Which is the first enzyme that must be 径 d胚胎中的神经元在移动过程中必须与 a. Protein kinase A 纤连蛋白暂时结合 Phosphorylase kinase 5.心钠肽是心房肌细胞产生的肽激素对血压 a cancer-causing gene makes G 具有调节作用。心钠肽作 permanently bind to GTP, this results 为第一信使作用于受体,并在细胞内产生 第二信使,下面四种第二信 a. Continual production of cAMP. b. 使中哪一种对于心钠肽具有应答作 Continual production of GDE a camP b cgMP c Ca" d DAG inhibition of adenylyl cyclase 6. The d istribution of k across an artific ial membrane was measured and 10. Which one of the fo lowing is not part of a itions were found to be equal on both sides which of the a. a 30S subunit consisting of 16S rRNA statements is true about the b. A 50S subunit consisting of 23S and K must be at equilibrium across the c. A 30S subunit consisting of 21 proteins b. K cannot be at equil ibrium across e. None of the above
3 3. 下述哪一种情况能够支持核糖体 RNA 具有 催化活性?( ) a.rRNA 碱基序列是高度保守的,而核糖体 蛋白的氨基酸序列则不然 b.具有对抗生素抗性的细菌在 rRNA 分子 中有取代的碱基,而在核糖 体蛋白质中没有被取代的氨基酸 c.肽酰转移酶的反应对核糖核酸酶敏感 d.上述都是 4. 用抗纤连蛋白的抗体注射胚体，发现在神经 系统发育过程中神经嵴细 胞的移动受到抑制。这些实验说明： （ ） a. 神经嵴发育包括抗体基因的表达 b.发育中的神经无需要合成纤连蛋白 c.纤连蛋白-抗体复合物形成神经移动途 径 d.胚胎中的神经元在移动过程中必须与 纤连蛋白暂时结合 5. 心钠肽是心房肌细胞产生的肽激素,对血压 具有调节作用。心钠肽作 为第一信使作用于受体, 并在细胞内产生 第二信使, 下面四种第二信 使中哪一种对于心钠肽具有应答作 用?( ) a.cAMP b.cGMP c. Ca2+ d. DAG 6. The distribution of K+ across an artificial membrane was measured, and the concentrations were found to be equal on both sides. Which of the following statements is true about the distribution of K+ ?( ) a. K + must be at equilibrium across the cell membrane b. K + cannot be at equilibrium across the membrane c. There cannot be a membrane potential under these conditions d. More information is needed to determine whether K+ is at equilibrium 7. Which mutant form of ras is likely to cause malignancy?( ) a. ras that cannot hydrolyze GTP b.ras that cannot bind to GTP c. ras that cannot bind to Grb2 or Sos d. ras that cannot bind to Raf 8. The hormone glucagon stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen in liver and muscle cells by the following enzymes. Which is the first enzyme that must be activated?( ) a. Protein kinase A b. Phosphorylase kinase c. Glycogen phosphorylase d. Protein phosphatase e. Protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 9. A cancer-causing gene makes G protein permanently bind to GTP, this results in( ). a. Continual production of cAMP. b. Continual production of GDP. c. Inhibition of cGMP production. d. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. e. None of the above 10. Which one of the following is not part of a prokaryotic ribosome?( ) a. A 30S subunit consisting of 16S rRNA b. A 50S subunit consisting of 23S and 5S rRNA c. A 30S subunit consisting of 21 proteins d. A 40S subunit consisting of 18S rRNA e. None of the above
11. Which one of the following determine the structure o c. have no effect a. Transmission electron microscope b. the above 16.适于观察细胞表面及断面超微结构三维图 c. Differential centr ifugatioin d像的仪器是() X-ray crystallography a.普通光镜b.荧光显微镜c.相差光 None of the above 镜d.扫描电镜ε.透射电镜 17.红细胞中O2与OO2交换作用主要依靠 12. You stain membrane proteins with a a.血影蛋白b.血型糖蛋白 Ⅲ蛋 fluorescent-labeled antibody and notice the 白d.锚定蛋白e.肌动蛋白 membrane is even ly stained. After a few18.能与胞外信号特异识别和结合,介导胞内 hours. all of the fluorescence is at one end 信使生成,引起细胞产生效应的是() of a cell. you can conclude tha A. carrier protein B. channel protein ceptor D Proteins move laterally in the membrane 19.下列连接方式中属于与中间纤维相连的锚 The fluorescent dye was bleached.d定连接的是() Proteins act as transporters a.粘合带;b.粘合斑 桥粒 13. You have a preparation of ghosts and need20.带电的离子之所以不能自由通过质膜其 to collect only the right-side out ghosts. You 原因是() decide you can trap the right-side out ghosts 膜的孔径不够大 in an affinity column packed with( b.膜的电性与离子电性相斥; c带电的离子聚集成团 carbohydrate-binding molecule d带电离子通常与水形成水性外壳以至 c. a protein-binding antibody 于体积过大 四、简答题(毎题4分,选做5题,共20分) 14. All of following ind ividuals1.基因敲除 knockout实验中有哪些关键环节 ntributed to cell theory except( 影响试验的成败? a. Robert Hooke c. Theodor Schwann 2.真核生物与原核生物的rRNA基因在组织 15. The addition of a peptide with an RGD结构、转录和加工中有什么 sequence would probably the binding 差异? of cultured cells to a fibronectin coated
4 11. Which one of the following was used to determine the structure of the DNA molecule?( ) a. Transmission electron microscope b. Scanning electron microscope c. Differential centrifugatioin d. X-ray crystallography e. None of the above 12. You stain membrane proteins with a fluorescent-labeled antibody and notice the membrane is evenly stained. After a few hours, all of the fluorescence is at one end of a cell. You can conclude that( ). a. Lipids flip-flop in the membrane. b. Proteins move laterally in the membrane. c. The fluorescent dye was bleached. d. Proteins act as transporters. e. All of the above 13. You have a preparation of ghosts and need to collect only the right-side out ghosts. You decide you can trap the right-side out ghosts in an affinity column packed with( ) a. SDS. b. A carbohydrate-binding molecule. c. A protein-binding antibody. d. A serine-binding molecule. e. None of the above 14. All of the following individuals contributed to cell theory except( ) a. Robert Hooke. b. Matthias Schleiden. c. Theodor Schwann. d. Rudolf Virchow. 15. The addition of a peptide with an RGD sequence would probably ? the binding of cultured cells to a fibronectin coated dish.( ) a. enhance b. inhibit c. have no effect on d. none of the above 16. 适于观察细胞表面及断面超微结构三维图 像的仪器是( ) a．普通光镜 b．荧光显微镜 c．相差光 镜 d．扫描电镜 e．透射电镜 17. 红细胞中 O2 与 CO2 交换作用主要依靠 ( ) a．血影蛋白 b．血型糖蛋白 c. 带Ⅲ蛋 白 d．锚定蛋白 e. 肌动蛋白 18. 能与胞外信号特异识别和结合，介导胞内 信使生成，引起细胞产生效应的是( ) A ． carrier protein B ．channel protein C．receptor D．1iand E．enzyme 19. 下列连接方式中属于与中间纤维相连的锚 定连接的是( )。 a．粘合带； b．粘合斑； c．桥粒； d．紧密连接。 20. 带电的离子之所以不能自由通过质膜,其 原因是( ) a.膜的孔径不够大; b.膜的电性与离子电性相斥; c.带电的离子聚集成团; d.带电离子通常与水形成水性外壳,以至 于体积过大。 四、简答题(每题 4 分， 选做 5 题，共 20 分) 1. 基因敲除(knockout)实验中有哪些关键环节 影响试验的成败？ 2. 真核生物与原核生物的 rRNA 基因在组织 结构、转录和加工中有什么 差异？
骤。每小题5分共10分) upon the lipids in their microenvironment G protein-linked not only for scaffolding, but for enzy matic heterotr meric G activ ity. The Na-K ATPase is one nter-actions between the receptor and the example. Please design an experiment to test Upon binding to the receptor, the influence of membrane fluidity on the the gpr subunit then catalyzes GDP/GTP velocity of the Na-K ATPase exchange by the Ga subunit. How is this similar to the activ ation of Ras by a receptor 2. Describe the experimental approach used to tyrosine kinase? identify functional domains of G-protein coupled receptors. 六、分析、计算与思考(20分) 1.分析题(任选1题,5分) 4.如何理解“被动运输是减少细胞与周围 (1)Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often 境的差别而主动运输则是 een in elderly people. A typical prescription 努力创造差别维持生命的活力”? to reduce a patients blood pressure inchudes mpounds called beta-blockers, which body. These receptors bind epinephrine. ereby activating a cellular response. Why 5.1981年, Thomas cech和他的同事在世界 ou think beta-blockers are effective in 上首次发现核酶,并获得了支持这一发现 educing blood pressure? 的实验证据。从他们的发现中你有何感 想 (2)“解铃还需系铃人″这句谚语在细胞活动中 能找到对应的故事吗? 2.计算与思考(5分) Assume you were given a mixture 6.为什么说水是细胞中优良的热缓冲体系? sisting of one molecule each of all sample? Assume that the average molecular 五、实验设计与分析。(简要说明,不需详细步 What does this calcu lation tell you about the
5 3. G protein-linked receptors activate heterotrimeric G proteins through inter-actions between the receptor and the G subunit. Upon binding to the receptor, the G subunit then catalyzes GDP/GTP exchange by the G subunit. How is this similar to the activation of Ras by a receptor tyrosine kinase? 4. 如何理解“被动运输是减少细胞与周围环 境的差别,而主动运输则是 努力创造差别,维持生命的活力”? 5. 1981 年，Thomas Cech 和他的同事在世界 上首次发现核酶，并获得了支持这一发现 的实验证据。从他们的发现中你有何感 想？ 6. 为什么说水是细胞中优良的热缓冲体系？ 五、实验设计与分析。(简要说明，不需详细步 骤。每小题 5 分,共 10 分)。 1. Some integral membrane enzymes depend upon the lipids in their microenvironment not only for scaffolding, but for enzymatic activity. The Na+ -K + ATPase is one example. Please design an experiment to test the influence of membrane fluidity on the velocity of the Na+ -K + ATPase. 2. Describe the experimental approach used to identify functional domains of G-protein coupled receptors. 六、分析、计算与思考(20 分) 1. 分析题（任选 1 题，5 分） (1) Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often seen in elderly people. A typical prescription to reduce a patient's blood pressure includes compounds called beta-blockers, which block -adrenergic receptors through-out the body. These receptors bind epinephrine, thereby activating a cellular response. Why do you think beta-blockers are effective in reducing blood pressure? (2)“解铃还需系铃人”这句谚语在细胞活动中 能找到对应的故事吗？ 请说明。 2. 计算与思考（5 分） Assume you were given a mixture consisting of one molecule each of all possible sequences of a smallish protein of molecular weight 4800. How big a container would you need to hold this sample? Assume that the average molecular weight of an amino acid is 120. What does this calculation tell you about the
fraction of possible proteins that are average molecular weight of proteins about30,000}? 2.综合思考(10分,按答题最多者计算每题 得分) (1) Compare and contrast the extracellular matrix(ECM) of an imal cells with the (2)举例(3~5个)说明研究方法的突破对细 胞生物学发展的推动作用。 (3)Heating of calf type I collagen fibers to 45C denatures the triple separates the three chains from each other. Collagen that has been treated in this does not renature to form a normal collagen often seen in elderly people. A typical prescription to reduce a patients blood pressure includes compounds called receptors bind epinephrine, thereby activating a cellular response. Why do you beta-blockers are effective in reducing
6 fraction of possible proteins that are currently in use by living organisms {the average molecular weight of proteins is about 30,000}? 2. 综合思考(10 分, 按答题最多者计算每题 得分) (1) Compare and contrast the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells with the walls around plant cells. (2) 举例（3～5 个）说明研究方法的突破对细 胞生物学发展的推动作用。 (3) Heating of calf type I collagen fibers to 450C denatures the triple helices and separates the three chains from each other. Collagen that has been treated in this way does not renature to form a normal collagen triple helix. Why? (4) Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often seen in elderly people. A typical prescription to reduce a patient's blood pressure includes compounds called beta-blockers, which block -adrenergic receptors through-out the body. These receptors bind epinephrine, thereby activating a cellular response. Why do you think beta-blockers are effective in reducing blood pressure?