English for Studying 肖俊洪 2007年3月
English for Studying 肖俊洪 2007年3月
Unit 3 Getting Ideas Sorted Out Warm up 1.What is erfceedfin? 2. What can we learn from the two examples in Warm Up?(p.101) Activity 1 Coherence in a Paragraph ● What is meant by coherence?(p.101) How is a paragraph developed? -from the most general to the most specific.Look at the example in Task 2 -summary (p.103) ● Identify the most general statement- the topic sentence
Unit 3 Getting Ideas Sorted Out Warm up 1. What is erfceedfin? 2. What can we learn from the two examples in Warm Up? (p.101) Activity 1 Coherence in a Paragraph ⚫ What is meant by coherence? (p.101) ⚫ How is a paragraph developed? ——from the most general to the most specific. Look at the example in Task 2 ——summary (p.103) ⚫ Identify the most general statement—— the topic sentence
A.British and American spellings are not the same. B.There are some minor differences between American and British spellings. C.The endings of British and American words are not the same. Topic sentence Where Britons end certain words with -se,Americans usually end the same words with -ce (British practise vs.American practice);the reverse is sometimes true too (British defence vs.American defense).Notice also the British preference for final -re over the American -er (metre vs.meter).Finally,most Americans consider neighbor a correct spelling, but a Briton characteristically adds a u and spells the word neighbour: The topic sentence is:B
A. British and American spellings are not the same. B. There are some minor differences between American and British spellings. C. The endings of British and American words are not the same. Topic sentence__. Where Britons end certain words with –se, Americans usually end the same words with –ce (British practise vs. American practice); the reverse is sometimes true , too (British defence vs. American defense). Notice also the British preference for final –re over the American –er (metre vs. meter). Finally, most Americans consider neighbor a correct spelling, but a Briton characteristically adds a u and spells the word neighbour. The topic sentence is: B
A.Both the computer and the telephone are helpful inventions. B.Computer terminology,such as input and output,is frequently used in other contexts. C.Despite apparent differences,the operation of the computer and that of the telephone have much in common. Topic Sentence.The operation of both can be thought of as being divided into three phases:input, processing and output.In the case of the computer,the information which is fed into the machine---the data---is the input;the internal operations of the machine constitute the processing;and the result-usually a printout-is called the output.The telephone,too,acts on information presented to it and produces a result.The input is the actual dialing of the number.The switching system which locates the number can be considered the processing phase.Finally, the telephone rings on the other end of the line,indicating that the call has been completed;this constitutes the output
A. Both the computer and the telephone are helpful inventions. B. Computer terminology, such as input and output, is frequently used in other contexts. C. Despite apparent differences, the operation of the computer and that of the telephone have much in common. __Topic Sentence__. The operation of both can be thought of as being divided into three phases: input, processing and output. In the case of the computer, the information which is fed into the machine---the data---is the input; the internal operations of the machine constitute the processing; and the result—usually a printout—is called the output. The telephone, too, acts on information presented to it and produces a result. The input is the actual dialing of the number. The switching system which locates the number can be considered the processing phase. Finally, the telephone rings on the other end of the line, indicating that the call has been completed; this constitutes the output
The topic sentence is C. o Writing topic sentences Topic sentence You have to wait in long lines at the bus stop.When the bus arrives,someone always tries to push past you to get in first.After you pay your fare,you are shoved down the aisle by the rest of the boarding passengers.A passenger standing next to you might shove his or her elbow in your ribs,step on your toes,or even drop cigarette ashes on you.It certainly is a relief when you finally reach your stop. The Original topic sentence:It is hard to travel by bus during the rush hour
The topic sentence is C. ⚫ Writing topic sentences __Topic sentence_. You have to wait in long lines at the bus stop. When the bus arrives, someone always tries to push past you to get in first. After you pay your fare, you are shoved down the aisle by the rest of the boarding passengers. A passenger standing next to you might shove his or her elbow in your ribs, step on your toes, or even drop cigarette ashes on you. It certainly is a relief when you finally reach your stop. The Original topic sentence: It is hard to travel by bus during the rush hour
-Topic sentence.First,blood carries substances needed to maintain and repair the body tissues.In this way,blood serves as a provider.Second,blood also serves as a disposer,since it carries wastes and gases away from the tissues of the body.In addition,blood acts as a defender.The white corpuscles (in the blood stream constantly guard against and try to destroy bacteria and other agents that threaten the body's welfare(安康) The Original topic sentence:Human blood serves the body in three important ways
__Topic sentence__. First, blood carries substances needed to maintain and repair the body tissues. In this way, blood serves as a provider. Second, blood also serves as a disposer, since it carries wastes and gases away from the tissues of the body. In addition, blood acts as a defender. The white corpuscles （血球）in the blood stream constantly guard against and try to destroy bacteria and other agents that threaten the body’s welfare （安康）. The Original topic sentence: Human blood serves the body in three important ways
o the position of the topic sentence The topic sentence most frequently occurs at the beginning of a paragraph.Sometimes it can occur at the end of a paragraph and the middle position of a paragraph is also likely to be occupied by it though they are not as frequent as the beginning position. o the development of the topic sentence Identifying and writing the topic sentence make us understand the central idea of the paragraph.However, to make the paragraph coherent,the central idea has to be developed in a natural and logical way.The development usually follows the general-specific pattern
⚫ the position of the topic sentence The topic sentence most frequently occurs at the beginning of a paragraph. Sometimes it can occur at the end of a paragraph and the middle position of a paragraph is also likely to be occupied by it though they are not as frequent as the beginning position. ⚫ the development of the topic sentence Identifying and writing the topic sentence make us understand the central idea of the paragraph. However, to make the paragraph coherent, the central idea has to be developed in a natural and logical way. The development usually follows the general-specific pattern
-Analyze the example on p.107 Gluing sentences together-cohesive Devices (p.108) ●Writing practice -write a passage of about 200 words,following the general-specific pattern,on any topic you like.Try to use cohesive devices to help sort out ideas
——Analyze the example on p.107 ⚫ Gluing sentences together—cohesive Devices (p.108) ⚫ Writing practice ——write a passage of about 200 words, following the general-specific pattern, on any topic you like. Try to use cohesive devices to help sort out ideas
Activity 2 Note-taking Generally speaking,contents,either oral or written, are layered,so when you are taking notes,knowledge of the structure of content arrangements can be a great help. Knowing the structure of content arrangements can help you adopt the right format of note-taking. -Task 2:two-layer structure with the second layer forming a contrast.Thus you can either adopt the format of the text or some other formats.For example, main point (e.g.teaching training) To Chinese To foreign teachers
Activity 2 Note-taking Generally speaking, contents, either oral or written, are layered, so when you are taking notes, knowledge of the structure of content arrangements can be a great help. Knowing the structure of content arrangements can help you adopt the right format of note-taking. ——Task 2: two-layer structure with the second layer forming a contrast. Thus you can either adopt the format of the text or some other formats. For example, main point (e.g. teaching training) To Chinese To foreign teachers
—Task3: 1. What is the general topic of the text? 2. What are the topic sentences of the 2d and 3d paragraphs? 3. How are the topic sentences in these two paragraphs developed? 1st layer:Cultural mistakes 2nd layer: a.Chinese ways of getting a person's name through phone Example:Eng.Way...... Chins...… Effect:rude and abrupt in Western eyes. b.different concepts of privacy Example:Chins...... West:... Effect:offend Westerners unconsciously
——Task 3: 1. What is the general topic of the text? 2. What are the topic sentences of the 2nd and 3rd paragraphs? 3. How are the topic sentences in these two paragraphs developed? 1 st layer: Cultural mistakes 2 nd layer: a. Chinese ways of getting a person’s name through phone Example: Eng. Way…… Chins. …….. Effect: rude and abrupt in Western eyes. b. different concepts of privacy Example: Chins. ….. West: ……. Effect: offend Westerners unconsciously