MAIZE Forages:An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture Chapter 8 Cereal and Legume Crops Instructor: Long Mingxiu F■RAG Copyright reseved by Long Ming College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Forages: An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture Chapter 8 Cereal and Legume Crops Instructor: Long Mingxiu
Herbage and cereal plants. We have different demands from herbage plants and cereal plants. ● In herbage plants (e.g.ryegrass)we wish to cultivate high quantities of high quality forage for animal grazing. ● In cereals we wish to produce the maximum amount of grain per unit area, whilst still retaining high quality. F RAGES Copyright reseved by Long Mingxu College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Herbage and cereal plants. • We have different demands from herbage plants and cereal plants. • In herbage plants (e.g. ryegrass) we wish to cultivate high quantities of high quality forage for animal grazing. • In cereals we wish to produce the maximum amount of grain per unit area, whilst still retaining high quality
Chapter 8 Cereal and Legume Crops 第八章 禾谷类饲料作物 教学目的：掌握北方地区几种重要 禾谷类饲料作物（玉米maize、高粱 sorghum大麦barley、燕麦oat)的 形态特征、生物学特性、栽培技术 及饲用。 重点：掌握玉米的生物学特性、栽 培及饲用 ■RAGE Copyright reseved by Long Mingu College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Chapter 8 Cereal and Legume Crops 第八章 禾谷类饲料作物 • 教学目的：掌握北方地区几种重要 禾谷类饲料作物(玉米maize、高粱 sorghum大麦barley、燕麦oat)的 形态特征、生物学特性、栽培技术 及饲用。 • 重点：掌握玉米的生物学特性、栽 培及饲用
MAIZE 第一节玉米（maize) 玉米属简介 玉米的分类 ● 玉米生育期与生长发育特性 玉米的器官建成 ■RAGE 玉米栽培技术 yright reseved by Long M College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu 第一节 玉米（maize） • 玉米属简介 • 玉米的分类 • 玉米生育期与生长发育特性 • 玉米的器官建成 • 玉米栽培技术
玉米简介 禾本科玉蜀黍一年生草本植物。 子粒玉米 重要的能量精料，营养丰富，100kg玉 米饲用价值相当于135kg燕麦，125kg高 粱或130kg大麦一“饲料之王”。 青刈玉米 青贮玉米 ■RAGE Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu 玉米简介 禾本科玉蜀黍一年生草本植物。 子粒玉米 • 重要的能量精料，营养丰富，100kg玉 米饲用价值相当于135kg燕麦，125kg高 粱或130kg大麦——“饲料之王” 。 • 青刈玉米 • 青贮玉米
Maize introduction 。 Maize(Zea mays L.),known as corn in some English-speaking countries,most widely grown crop Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world. ● Hybrid maize,due to its high grain yield as a result of heterosis杂种优 ("hybrid vigor"),is preferred by farmers over conventional varieties. ■RAEG Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu Maize introduction • Maize (Zea mays L.), known as corn in some Englishspeaking countries, most widely grown crop Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world. • Hybrid maize, due to its high grain yield as a result of heterosis杂种优 势 ("hybrid vigor"), is preferred by farmers over conventional varieties
起源地 F■▣RAGES 玉米起源中心
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu
a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica and subsequently spread throughout the American continents.After European contact with the Americas in the late 15th and early 16th century,maize spread to the rest of the world. 起源地 传播路线 FORAGES 玉米在世界的传播途径
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica and subsequently spread throughout the American continents. After European contact with the Americas in the late 15th and early 16th century, maize spread to the rest of the world
In 2007,over 150 million hectares of maize were planted worldwide,with a yield of 4970.9 kilogram/hectare. 。 While the United States produces almost half of the world's harvest (~42.5%),(332 million tonnes annually in the United States alone,800 million tonnes whole world in 2007).other top producing countries include China, Brazil,Mexico,Argentina,India and France. ■RAGE Copyright reseved by Long Ming College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu • In 2007, over 150 million hectares of maize were planted worldwide, with a yield of 4970.9 kilogram/hectare. • While the United States produces almost half of the world's harvest (~42.5%), (332 million tonnes annually in the United States alone,800 million tonnes whole world in 2007). other top producing countries include China, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, India and France
玉 米Zea mays L Top Ten Maize Producers in 2007 Country Production(Tonnes) Note m三United States 332.092,180 People's Republic of China 151.970.000 Brazil 51.589.721 ■■Mexico 22.500.000F Argentina 21.755,364 India 16.780.000 France 13.107.000 Indonesia 12,381.561 Canada 10.554.500 italy 9.891.362 World 784,786,580[A No figure,figure.F-FAO estimate,-UnoffioialSemi-offioialmirror data.figure.A=Aggregate(may include offioial,semi- official or estimates) Source:Food And Agrioultural Organization of United Nations:Economic And Sooial Department:The Statistical Devision ■RAGE 粮饲兼用，籽实一 能量精饲料；秸杆一粗饲料；地位：畜牧 业太学粮食作角。，近代世界上玉米作为饲料用宇生产奶、肉、油 蜜等畜严盒约占总产量的75-80%。 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu College of animal science,Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系
__________________________________________________________________ College of animal science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系 Copyright reseved by Long Mingxiu 玉 米 Zea mays L. • 粮饲兼用，籽实——能量精饲料； 秸杆——粗饲料；地位：畜牧 业大于粮食作用。近代世界上玉米作为饲料用于生产奶、肉、油、 蛋等畜产品约占总产量的75-80％