Global causes of death13%other33%infectiousand7% perinatal conditionsparasiticdiseases6%respiratorydiseases12%cancer29%circulatorydiseases·52.2milliondeaths.17.3 million deaths caused by infectious andparasitic diseases
Global causes of death • 52.2 million deaths • 17.3 million deaths caused by infectious and parasitic diseases 33% infectious and parasitic diseases 29% circulatory diseases 12% cancer 6% respiratory diseases 7% perinatal conditions 13% other
THEEPIDEMICSCORECARDCCHYEARTPESCENfthewolBECOMETuberculosisMALARIAHEPATSBKuthenEtrmsesiewtrlDipn300-500NNEWCASESAYEAeaslesHEA2DISEASESDEATHSAYEARFlengue2.7BILLIONNEWCASESAYEAR258,0 DEATHS AYEAR35iliecassayarnnCASESATTAtedeatamierte FonteraevellonethavetoeleanwatadEntire world affecteeHowardMarkelandStephenDoyle,NewYorkTimes(Op-Ed,April30,2003)
Howard Markel and Stephen Doyle, New York Times (Op-Ed, April 30, 2003)
Antibiotics
Antibiotics
VaccinesPONEENLIO.-1954SIS羔世
Vaccines
Old strategies against infectiousdiseases no longer workGlobalizationof riskDrugresistanceFewnewdrugsNewdiseasesNewsolutionsNeedforeffectivevaccinesanddrugsSustainabledistribution
Old strategies against infectious diseases no longer work • Globalization of risk • Drug resistance • Few new drugs • New diseases • New solutions • Need for effective vaccines and drugs • Sustainable distribution
国营国→GlobalizationofRisk
Globalization of Risk
ThespreadofSARSMay2003THE WORLD180140°100Y2060100-140180SRCTICOCEAI50NORTHS40PNNORTHAMERICANORTHPACIPTATANOCEANOCEANAFRICA(SOUTHAMERICASOUTHATLANTIESOUTH40°SPACIFIOOCEAN2.000mlOCEAN2.000km60ANTARCTICA160120°8040°W40°E80120°16022001Nat
The spread of SARS May 2003
21965112
1999山久
Emergenceof resistanceto+antimalarial drugsChloroquine16yearsFansidar6yearsMefloquine4yearsAtovaquone6monthsH194019501960197019801990
Emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs 1940 Chloroquine 16 years Fansidar 6 years Mefloquine 4 years Atovaquone 6 months 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990