LUCHDO-IRAWGREENICeSolTOCFAHOPROTOINDOEUROPEANINDO-EUROPEAN BRANCHESOFTHELANGUAGETREEMOTHERTONGUE
CytoplasmNucleoidRibosomesPlasmida10.5 μmCytoplasmicCellwallmembraneFigure2-1aBrockBiologyofMicroorganisms11/e2006PearsonPrenticeHall,Inc
DCBAarglILacoperon(lactose100/0degradation)OriginofVHfrHargreplicationP8041M1090QfHfrc25oric3124333spoT.40824046678mais.4005787Not1restriction-pyrD2080sites,inkbp3801942gor.TmalEscherichiacoliK-12P1157purB12520argD-umuDAB1350-rpst-trtD30-70argR--1620KL14argG-1201125231875Trpoperon25132782?(tryptophan20502309biosynthesis)4060Hfr4450afargscA.1deOhisHisoperonISM6IDgyrA(histidineargTbiosynthesis)ImFigure10-42BrockBiologyofMicroorganisms11/e2006PearsonPrenticeHall,Inc
Nucleotides:16s(~1500)Nucleotides:~21+5S23Sproteins(~120) (~2900)3oSsubunit~34450Sproteinssubunit70Sribosome1(a)(b)(c)Figure11-11BrockBiologyofMicroorganisms11/e2006PearsonPrenticeHall,Inc
DNAAligned rRNADNAsequencinggenesequencesCellsGeneencoding3ribosomalRNAAGTCGCTAG12ATTCCGTAGAGCCGTTAG3IsolatePCRSequenceDNAGenerateanalysisphylogenetic2tree(c)(a)(b)(d)(e)Figure2-6BrockBiologyofMicroorganisms11/e2006PearsonPrenticeHall,Inc
DNADNAsequencingCellsGeneencodingAGribosomalRNAPCRIsolateDNAFigure2-6part1BrockBiologyof Microorganisms11/e2006PearsonPrenticeHall,Inc
Aligned rRNADNA sequencinggene sequences3AGcAGTCGCTAGATTCCGTAG3AGCCGTTAGSequenceanalysisGeneratephylogenetic2treeFigure2-6part2BrockBiologyofMicroorganisms11/e2006PearsonPrenticeHall,Inc
OrganismAnalysisSequenceAForA→B,threeCGUAGACCUGA.CdifferencesoccurBCCUAGAGCUGGCout of a total oftwelve; thus i= 0.25cCCAAGACGUGGCDGCUAGAUGUGCCSequence alignment and analysisFigure11-13a Brock Biologyof Microorganisms 11/e2006PearsonPrenticeHall,Inc
6.EvolutionCells contain genes and evolve to displaynew biological properties.Phylogenetictrees show the evolutionary relationshipsbetween cells.NewAncestralspeciescellNewspeciesFigure1-3part6BrockBiologyofMicroorganisms11/e2006PearsonPrenticeHall,Inc
PROKARYOTESARCHAEAMethanogensExtremehalophilesHyperthermophilesBACTERIAGram-positiveEUKARYAbacteriaProteobacteriaEukaryoticAnimalsMitochondrion"CrownSlimemolds-Fungispecies"PlantsCyanobacteriaChloroplastFlagellatesGiardiaEUKARYOTESRootof thetreeHyperthermophilesFigure2-7BrockBiologyofMicroorganisms11/e2006PearsonPrenticeHall,Inc