揚州大学Chapter 10. Nervous SystemAll figures are from internet, textbooks and papers, all rights reserved to the originalauthors
Chapter 10. Nervous System All figures are from internet, textbooks and papers, all rights reserved to the original authors
ParietalCeritralobosulcusOutlineOocipitallobowoftheNervousSystemSectionA.Structure and Function of NeuronsSynapsesSpinaControlofBodyMovementctasrootsDorsaAutonomicNervousSystemMrscleverwHigherFunctionof Nervous SystVer
Outline • Overview of the Nervous System • Section A. Structure and Function of Neurons • Synapses • Control of Body Movement • Autonomic Nervous System • Higher Function of Nervous System
SummarizeDendriteCellbodyMitochondrion-NisslsubstanceAfferentneuronAxonhillockAxonNrleInterneuronsOligodendracyteEnarocndeaoaptlEfferentneuronMicrogliaCopytight@2004.Pearson Education,inc-publishing as Benianin.CummingsBloodvesselAstiecytennd-ferwraparundthebloodvesse
Summarize Afferent neuron Efferent neuron Interneurons
How neurons communicate with each other?AxonRe-uptakeproteinSynapseDIOV1Dendrit
How neurons communicate with each other?
ParietalCeritrallobosulcusOutlineOccipitallobowoftheNervousSystemTtoaStructureandFunctionofNeurons? Section B. SynapsesControlofBodyMovementSpinaAutonomicNervousSystemctasrootDorsaHigherFunctionof Nervous SytmMrscleNerwVer
Outline • Overview of the Nervous System • Structure and Function of Neurons • Section B. Synapses • Control of Body Movement • Autonomic Nervous System • Higher Function of Nervous System
Section B. SynapsesIntroductionof SynapsesEPSP and IPSPSynaptic Integration and Synaptic StrengthNeurotransmitters and NeuromodulatorsActionpotential6SResponseof cell2011PearsonEducation,inc
Section B. Synapses • Introduction of Synapses • EPSP and IPSP • Synaptic Integration and Synaptic Strength • Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators
Introduction of Synapses·A structurepermitting a neuron to pass an electricalor chemicalsignalto another.Axon/DendritepresynapticSpinesynapseDendriteShaftsynapseExtracellularspacepostsynapticAxonCell body/Axon/DendriteAxodendriticAxosomaticAxo-axonicsynapsessynapsessynapse
Introduction of Synapses • Axon/Dendrite • Extracellular space • Cell body /Axon/Dendrite presynaptic postsynaptic • A structure permitting a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another
Types of Synapsespresynapticpostsynapticchemical+ResponselectricalactionpotentialsignalChemicalsynapsesElectricalsynapses(Gapjunctions)electricalelectrical
Types of Synapses
Functional Anatomy of Chemical SynapsesPresynapticneuron·Chemical Synapse-PresynapticmembraneTerminalsynapticvesicles-neurotransmitter- Synaptic cleftPostsynapticVesicleneuron10to20nmspace880CMHKSEMitochondrion-Postsynapticmembrane8.8receptors,hydrolyticenzymes福ReleasedneurotransmittermoleculesSynapticcleftPostsynapticmembranecontaining receptors
Functional Anatomy of Chemical Synapses • Chemical Synapse -Presynaptic membrane synaptic vesicles- neurotransmitter - Synaptic cleft 10 to 20nm space - Postsynaptic membrane receptors, hydrolytic enzymes
Release of Neurotransmitter(a)OActionpotential?Voltage-gated Ca2reachesterminalchannelsopenVoltage-gated-AxonterminalCa2channelCa2-Synapticvesicles-Active③CalciumenterszoneaxonterminalNeurotransmitterisreleasedandCa2diffuses into theV-SNAREcleft.'t-SNARENeurotransmitterNeurotransmitterbindsremovedfromtopostsynapticreceptorssynaptic cleft·Direct-ReuptakePostsynaptic cell·Indirect(Gprotein)·Diffuse away·Enzymaticallytransformedforreuse
Release of Neurotransmitter •Direct •Indirect (G protein) •Reuptake •Diffuse away •Enzymatically transformed for reuse •v-SNARE •t-SNARE