Physiology of theFemale ReproductiveSystemLiu WeiDepartment of Ob & GyRenJihospital
Physiology of the Female Reproductive System Liu Wei Department of Ob & Gy Ren Ji hospital
Physiological StagesNeonatal period:birth---4weeks Childhood: 4 weeks----12 years Puberty: 12 years---18 yearsSexual maturation: 18 year---50 year.Perimenopause:decline of ovarianfunction (40 years)----1 yearpostmenopausePostmenopause:
Physiological Stages • Neonatal period: birth-4 weeks • Childhood: 4 weeks-12 years • Puberty: 12 years-18 years • Sexual maturation: 18 year-50 year • Perimenopause: decline of ovarian function (40 years)-1 year postmenopause • Postmenopause:
MenstruationMenstruationcyclic endometrium sheds and bleeds due tocyclic ovulationMenseEndometrium is sloughed (progesteronewithdrawal)2. Nonclotting menstrual blood mainly comesfrom artery (75%)3. Interval: 24-35 days (28 days). duration: 2-6days. the first day of menstrual bleeding isconsideredybyday1.Shedding: 30-50 ml4
Menstruation • Menstruation cyclic endometrium sheds and bleeds due to cyclic ovulation • Mense 1. Endometrium is sloughed (progesterone withdrawal) 2. Nonclotting menstrual blood mainly comes from artery (75%) 3. Interval: 24-35 days (28 days). duration: 2-6 days. the first day of menstrual bleeding is consideredy by day 1 4. Shedding: 30-50 ml
Central reproductive hormonesHypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary(H-P-Oaxis)GONADAL STEROIDSLOWUNCHANGEDADULT LEVELOPERATIVEDECREASINGOPERATIVE ATFEEDBACKANDSENSITIVEIN SENSITIVITYADULT LEVELGONADOTROPINSLOWINCREASINGADULT LEVELHYPOTHALAMUSHYPOTHALAMUSHYPOTHALAMUSLHRFYFSHRFPITUITARYPITUITARYPITUITARYFSHLHFSHMLHFSHLHGONADALGONADALSECRETIONSSECRETIONSGONADGONADGONADADULTINITIATION OF PUBERTYPRE PUBERTY
Central reproductive hormones • Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary(H-P-O axis)
Central reproductivehormonesNeuroendocrine regulationGonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH1)chemical structure(pro)Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH,2)Synthesize and transportnerve cellsportal veinanterior lobehypothalamuspitutary
Central reproductive hormones • Neuroendocrine regulation 1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH 1) chemical structure (pro)Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 2) Synthesize and transport nerve cells hypothalamus portal vein pitutary anterior lobe
Central reproductive hormonesParaventricularnucleusSupraoptic nucleusHypothalamicnucleusSupraopticMamillary bodyarterySup hypophyseal arteryNeurosecretory granulesHypophyseal portal veinAnteriorlobePosteriorlobeVenousdrainageVenousdrainage
Central reproductive hormones
Central reproductive hormones3) Regulation of GnRHHypothalamsGnRHPituitaryFSH,LHOvaryE,P
Central reproductive hormones 3) Regulation of GnRH Hypothalams GnRH Pituitary FSH, LH Ovary E,P
Central reproductive hormones2. GonadotropinsDComposition (glycoprotein)Follicle stimulating hormone,FSHLuteinizing hormone,LH2)Synthesize and transportBloodovaryGonadotroph(pulse)circulation
Central reproductive hormones 2. Gonadotropins 1) Composition (glycoprotein) Follicle stimulating hormone,FSH Luteinizing hormone,LH 2) Synthesize and transport Gonadotroph (pulse) Blood circulation ovary
Central reproductive hormones3. Prolactin (PRL)Regulated by the prolactin inhibiting factor (PlF)
Central reproductive hormones 3. Prolactin (PRL) Regulated by the prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF)
TheOvarian cycleFunction of ovary1. Reproductiondevelopment and maturation of follicle;ovulation2.Endocrineestrogens,progesterone, testosterone
The Ovarian cycle • Function of ovary 1. Reproduction development and maturation of follicle; ovulation 2. Endocrine estrogens, progesterone, testosterone