HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY PPT Presentation by Chen Qi Chapter 11 Endocrine Physiology Physiological Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University
Generalintroductionofhormone1.Classificationofhomomesl.Classification of hormone1.l peptide hormone : most, water-soluble, transported freely1.2 amine hormonedopaminethyroid hormones and catecholaminesepinephrinenorepinephrinefat-solublewater-soluble1.3 steroid hormone :derived from cholesterol, fat-solublecortisol, aldosterone. 1,25-vitamin D and sex hormones
2. Mechanisms of hormone action2.1 signal transduction mechanism : water-soluble2.2 gene expression mechanism : fat-soluble3.Deliveryofhormoneendocrineparacrineautocrineneuroendocrine
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland1.Hypothalamic-anterior pituitary systemTRH-TSH-THsCRH-ACTH-cortsolGHRHGHIH-GHPRH/PIH-prolactinGnRH-FSH. LH- sex hormones
Growth hormone (somatotropin)1.Functions) promote growth : especially bone and soft tissuemediated by insulin-like growth factors (IGF)2) metabolic effects blood glucose↑↑ protein synthesis↑ fat breakdown for energy useIglucose utilization
2.Regulation1) GHRH/GHIH-GH sequence2) physiological factors blood GS (starvation)stressful conditionsleep, exericise ,sex hormoneshoroH3. Abnormal secretion dwarfism -→ ↓ GHin childrengigantism → ↑ GH in childrenacromegaly→ ↑ GH in adult
Prolactin1.Functionspromote breast development during pregnancystimulate milk secretion during breast feeding2.Regulation: PRHPIH3.Abnormal secretion: hyperprolactinaemia
2. Hypothalamic-posterior pituitary systemADHparaventricular, supraoptic nuclei→OXTstimulate uterine contraction during labourstimulate milk ejection during breast feeding
Thyroid gland1.Synthesis of THTyis more than T, T, is more active①iodide trapping actively②iodideoxidation-→iodineiodine +tyrosine >MIT and DIT① T, and T (rT,)②,,-thyroid peroxidase
2. Functions of THs2.1 Metabolic effects1) energy metabolism 个↑BMR and heat production2)materialmetabolismexcess TH -Tpr breakdown↑ protein synthesis under physiological level↑fat breakdown↑ carbohydrate absorption → Blood GS↑