Christmas(圣诞节) Christmas December25 The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years.Man of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before e christ child was bom.The 12 days of christmas.the right fires.the yule log.the giving of gifts amivals(parades)with floats,carolers who sing whie going rom house to house.the holiday feasts,and the church istmas rocessions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians. with the Mesopotamian关不达米亚)celebration of New Years The Mesopotamiansb ,.andas-Marduk(马杜克，古代巴比伦人的主神，原为 巴比伦的太阳t神).Each year as winter amived it was believed that Marduk would do batle with the monsters of chaos.To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamiansheld a festival for the New Year.This was Zagmuk the New Year's festival that lasted for 12 days. tamian king would return to the temple of Marduk and swear his faithfulness to the god.The traditions calledforthe king to die at ando retu with Mardukto battle at his side To spare their king,the Mesopotamiansused the idea of a'mockking.A criminal was chosen and dressed in royal clothes.He was given all the respectand privilegesof areal king.At the end ofthe celebration the "mock"king was stripped of the royal cothes and slain.sparing the life of the real king. The Roman's celebrated theirgod Satum.Their festival was called Satumalia which began the middle of Decemberand ended January 1st with cries of "Jo satumalial"the celebration would include masquerades(化枚舞会).big festive meals,.visiingrindandhexfd-luc gifts called Strenae(ucky fruits). "Jo Saturnalia was a fun and festive time for the Romans.but the Christians though it an abomination( 恶痛绝)to honor the pagan(异物god.The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Christ chil a solemn and religious holiday.notone of cheer and merrimentas was the pagan Saturnalia. But as Christianity spread they ealamed bythe celebration of pagan customs and Satumaiaamonghetrconvere.ANfstneChUrehforbidhisndofcelebraion.Butwastonoaval(t )Eventually it was decided that the celebration would be tamed and made into a celebration fit for the Christian Son of God. Some legends claim thatthe Christian"Christmas"celebration was invented to compete againstthe paga celebrations of December.The 25th was not only sacred to the romans but also the Persians whose religion Mithraism(密特拉教，祀密特拉神的宗教，纪元后最初3世纪内传至罗马帝国)was one of Christianity's main rivals at that time.The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment,lights
Christmas（圣诞节） Christmas December 25 The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 12 days of Christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivals(parades) with floats, carolers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians. Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian (美索不达米亚) celebration of New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god - Marduk (马杜克,古代巴比伦人的主神,原为 巴比伦的太阳神). Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle with the monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk, the New Year's festival that lasted for 12 days. The Mesopotamian king would return to the temple of Marduk and swear his faithfulness to the god. The traditions called for the king to die at the end of the year and to return with Marduk to battle at his side. To spare their king, the Mesopotamians used the idea of a "mock" king. A criminal was chosen and dressed in royal clothes. He was given all the respect and privileges of a real king. At the end of the celebration the "mock" king was stripped of the royal clothes and slain, sparing the life of the real king. The Roman's celebrated their god Saturn. Their festival was called Saturnalia which began the middle of December and ended January 1st. With cries of "Jo Saturnalia!" the celebration would include masquerades (化妆舞会) in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends and the exchange of good-luck gifts called Strenae (lucky fruits). "Jo Saturnalia!" was a fun and festive time for the Romans, but the Christians though it an abomination (深 恶痛绝) to honor the pagan (异教) god. The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Christ child a solemn and religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan Saturnalia. But as Christianity spread they were alarmed by the continuing celebration of pagan customs and Saturnalia among their converts. At first the Church forbid this kind of celebration. But it was to no avail (徒 劳). Eventually it was decided that the celebration would be tamed and made into a celebration fit for the Christian Son of God. Some legends claim that the Christian "Christmas" celebration was invented to compete against the pagan celebrations of December. The 25th was not only sacred to the Romans but also the Persians whose religion Mithraism (密特拉教，奉祀密特拉神的宗教，纪元后最初 3 世纪内传至罗马帝国) was one of Christianity's main rivals at that time. The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment, lights
festival and celebration of Christmas
and gifts from the Saturanilia festival and bringing them to the celebration of Christmas