Unit1BookⅡNHCE 学院07教改一班 I.Teaching Material Time-Conscious Americans Section B Culture Shock II.Objectives Objectives Statements of Intended Learning Outcomes KI Get to know something about American culture and culture shock (To Know) K2 Comprehend involved sentences or sentence patterns; K3 Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text. DI Improve reading by reading for the main ideas in paragraphs. D2 Improve writing skills by writing a paragraph of a general statemer supported by specific detail and reasons. D3 Cultivate research skills by exploring the unknown related to Americar culture. (To Do) D4 Develop critical thinking by discussing the right attitude when absorbing and accepting another cuture. D5 Learn approaches to c D Develop team work and co-operation via group activitie D7 Develop autonomous learning ability via on-line and off-line study. In terms of learning itself.For example: Bl Develop Ss'interests in research work through autonomous learning and co-operation via on-ine and off-lineearing Or In terms of developing morals,values and ethics depends on the topic concerned. (To Be) B2 Be more concerned with cultural differences B3 Develop awareness of cross-cultural communication B4 Learn to respect another culture Formthe habit of filuresand co-coordinating social problems in terms of cultural differences. III.Key points 1.Key words budget acute replace count restlessly brief convention leisurely assess probe device significance conduct obtain superb whereas elapse fulfill desirable cope isolation rejection favorable appreciate 2.Phrases fall behind account for charge for be worthy of culture shock adjust to recover from go through clash with interact with
Unit 1 Book II NHCE 学院 _07_教改 班 I. Teaching Material Section A Time-Conscious Americans Section B Culture Shock II. Objectives Objectives Statements of Intended Learning Outcomes （To Know） K1 Get to know something about American culture and culture shock. K2 Comprehend involved sentences or sentence patterns; K3 Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; （To Do） D1 Improve reading by reading for the main ideas in paragraphs. D2 Improve writing skills by writing a paragraph of a general statement supported by specific details and reasons. D3 Cultivate research skills by exploring the unknown related to American culture. D4 Develop critical thinking by discussing the right attitude when absorbing and accepting another culture. D5 Learn approaches to communication. D6 Develop team work and co-operation via group activities. D7 Develop autonomous learning ability via on-line and off-line study. （To Be） In terms of learning itself. For example: B1 Develop Ss’ interests in research work through autonomous learning and co-operation via on-line and off-line learning. Or In terms of developing morals, values and ethics depends on the topic concerned. B2 Be more concerned with cultural differences. B3 Develop awareness of cross-cultural communication. B4 Learn to respect another culture. B5 Form the habit of evaluating communicative successes and failures and co-coordinating social problems in terms of cultural differences. III. Key points 1. Key words budget acute replace count restlessly brief convention leisurely assess probe device significance conduct obtain superb whereas elapse fulfill desirable cope isolation rejection favorable appreciate 2. Phrases fall behind result in account for charge for be worthy of culture shock adjust to recover from go through clash with interact with
3.Key patterns Sb.does not do sth.;mu less does sb.do sth.else 某人不会做/没有做某事，更不用说做其他的事 Example:Normally,Americans do not assess their visitors in such a relaxed surroundings over extended small talk:much less do they take them out for dinner.(L 27) 2)Typical patters for revealing onrasts has litle/norelation to wherea /while,to sb.els e,nothing can be done without sth.clse.就莱人而言，某事与另一事很少/完全没有关系：然而对于另 一人，没有另一事什么事都做不成。 Example:To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand.In some countriesnomajor business is conducted without eye con t.requiring fa ace-to-face convers tion.(L37) 3)Typical patterns for showing sb.'s feelings about sth. Unless.it seems in one's eves (to one's mind)as if 如果不是.，则某人就登得好使是，. Example:Unless acertain amount oftime isallowed in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant,no worthy of proper respect.(L9) 4.Hard points 1)Interpretation of involved sentences, 2)Development of Ss'communicative skills; 3)Organization of and Ss'involvement in learning activities. VI.Time allotment 1"period 2-3periods 4period periods Preparation Detailed study of Section A Consolidation development Section B&assessment V.Teaching Process Step1 Preparation sstep aims at getting Ss ready for the topic of cuture difference. 1)Directions:Listen to the following passages.The passage is followed by FIVE questions.After you hear a question,there'll be a break of 10 seconds.During the break,you'll read the four choices marked (A).(B)(C)and (D).and decide which one is the best answer.(LM lis-unitol-pl) 1 A.They take longer vacations today than employees did in 1979 B.They take happier vacations today than employees did in1979 C.They work longer hours today than employees did in 1979. D.They work shorter hours today than employees did in 1979 A.He observed the banker hard at work
3. Key patterns 1) Typical patterns for emphasizing sth.: Sb. does not do sth.; much less does sb. do sth. else. 某人不会做/没有做某事，更不用说做其他的事 Example: Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such a relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner,.(L. 27) 2) Typical patterns for revealing contrasts: To sb., sth. has little / no relation to sth. else; whereas / while, to sb. else, nothing can be done without sth. else. 就某人而言，某事与另一事很少／完全没有关系； 然而对于另 一人，没有另一事什么事都做不成。 Example: To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. (L. 37) 3) Typical patterns for showing sb.’s feelings about sth.: Unless., it seems in one’s eyes (to one’s mind) as if. 如果不是.,则某人就觉得好像是. Example: Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. (L. 49) 4. Hard points 1) Interpretation of involved sentences; 2) Development of Ss’ communicative skills; 3) Organization of and Ss’ involvement in learning activities. VI. Time allotment 1 s1 period 2-3 periods 4 th period 5 th &6th periods Preparation Detailed study of Section A Consolidation & development Section B & assessment V. Teaching Process Step 1 Preparation This step aims at getting Ss ready for the topic of culture difference. 1) Directions: Listen to the following passages. The passage is followed by FIVE questions. After you hear a question, there’ll be a break of 10 seconds. During the break, you’ll read the four choices marked (A), (B), (C) and (D), and decide which one is the best answer. (LM: lis-unit01-p1) 1. A. They take longer vacations today than employees did in 1979. B. They take happier vacations today than employees did in 1979. C. They work longer hours today than employees did in 1979. D. They work shorter hours today than employees did in 1979. 2. A. He observed the banker hard at work
B He talked with the banker for a whole day C.He helped the banker conduct business He praised the banker for his good work A.The connection between time and productivity is always positive. B.The connection between time and productivity is not always positive. C.between time and be positive D The cor ction between time and productivity should always be positive A.The banker spent 70 percent of his time doing busy work B.The banker spent all of his time doing busy work. C.The banker spent 90 percent of his time doing busy work D. The banker spent of his time doing busy work A.Employers evaluate employees according to the amount of time on the job B.Employers evaluate employees according to their job performance. C.Emplovers evaluate emplovees according to the working time and job performanc according to their and jobefficieny. Key 2.A 3.B 4.D5.C 2)Let's talk about culture differences! How to Manage the Following Situations? Situation1-an appointment Situation 2-hom Situation3-toa party Situation 4-being invited to dinner Situation 5-an interview Arabia His opening day was booked fully a week ago.But half an hour passed,neither of his first two patients arrived.Why? Americans tend to be punctual. To the Arabians.half an hour or 40 minutes late is acceptable Situation 2:On your way home,it occurred to you that your American friend Mary had invited you to visit her when you were free.Then you dropped in on her house.But when you knocked at the door Mary felt surprised.Why? In China.it's OK to visit friends without calling ahead of time While in the U.S.it'simpolite to doso What is the polie way in theU Calling ahead of time Situation 3:Your American friend invited you to her party tonight at 7:30.When are you
B. He talked with the banker for a whole day. C. He helped the banker conduct business. D. He praised the banker for his good work. 3. A. The connection between time and productivity is always positive. B. The connection between time and productivity is not always positive. C. The connection between time and productivity should never be positive. D. The connection between time and productivity should always be positive. 4. A. The banker spent 70 percent of his time doing busy work. B. The banker spent all of his time doing busy work. C. The banker spent 90 percent of his time doing busy work. D. The banker spent 80 percent of his time doing busy work. 5. A. Employers evaluate employees according to the amount of time on the job. B. Employers evaluate employees according to their job performance. C. Employers evaluate employees according to the working time and job performance. D. Employers evaluate employees according to their work attitude and job efficiency. Key 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 2) Let’s talk about culture differences! How to Manage the Following Situations? Situation 1 – an appointment Situation 2 – home visit Situation 3 – to a party Situation 4 – being invited to dinner Situation 5 – an interview Situation 1: Dr. Tom McDivern from NY is practicing medicine in a rural area in Saudi Arabia. His opening day was booked fully a week ago. But half an hour passed, neither of his first two patients arrived. Why? Americans tend to be punctual. To the Arabians, half an hour or 40 minutes late is acceptable. Situation 2: On your way home, it occurred to you that your American friend Mary had invited you to visit her when you were free. Then you dropped in on her house. But when you knocked at the door . Mary felt surprised. Why? In China, it’s OK to visit friends without calling ahead of time. While in the U.S., it’s impolite to do so. What is the polite way in the U.S.? Calling ahead of time. Situation 3: Your American friend invited you to her party tonight at 7:30. When are you
supposed to get there?Why? B.5 -10'late,not to be the first guest C.After 8:00.I'm the VIP D.5-10earlier,it'sapolite way to show my respect for her. In the U.S.people tend to be 5'-10'late (B). In China,close friends tend to amrive()but acquaintances tend to arrive -10'earlier (D). Situation 4:Your American friend invited you to her house for dinner at 6:30.When are you supposed to get there? a right on time b Be fashionably late C.Half an hour late D.About 5'-10"earlie The Americans(A) The Chinese (D) To Visit Friends in the U.S.(LM:visit) Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks. Befor ays best to ne 2.send them a letter 3.send them an e-mail. When you go to a party,you'd be fashionably late When you go to somebody's house for dinner,you'd be.not to be la not to be just right on time Situation 5:Guess? During an interview,the American boss asks about your idea on salary as a secretary,which er will be good for you? 1.An eyis for me. 2.At least $2500.I'm the best 3.$1.000 a month.I can make it 4.Oh,money is not important to me.I don't come here simply for money son's suce ess is based on how much money he makes.And Americans are not afraid of showing their confidence.To most Chinese,it'd be the responsibility of the company to decide the salary according to the employee's performance THIS MAY BE DUE TO CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Suggestions Learning a foreign language well means more than mastering the pronunciation,gramma and expressions.It also means learning its culture
supposed to get there? Why? A. Before 7:00, to help her to prepare. B. 5’－10’ late, not to be the first guest. C. After 8:00, I’m the VIP. D. 5’－10’ earlier, it’s a polite way to show my respect for her. In the U.S., people tend to be 5’－10’ late (B). In China, close friends tend to arrive before 7:00 (A) ，but acquaintances tend to arrive 5’ －10’ earlier (D). Situation 4: Your American friend invited you to her house for dinner at 6:30. When are you supposed to get there? A. Right on time. B. Be fashionably late. C. Half an hour late. D. About 5’－10’ earlier. The Americans (A) The Chinese (D) To Visit Friends in the U.S. (LM:visit) Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks. Before you go, it’s always best to 1. give them a phone. 2. send them a letter. 3. send them an e-mail. When you go to a party, you’d be fashionably late. When you go to somebody’s house for dinner, you’d be punctual, i.e. not to be late, not to be early, just right on time. Situation 5: Guess? During an interview, the American boss asks about your idea on salary as a secretary, which answer will be good for you? 1. Any sum of money is OK for me. 2. At least $2500, I’m the best. 3. $1,000 a month. I can make it. 4. Oh, money is not important to me. I don’t come here simply for money. Tips In America, a person’s success is based on how much money he makes. And Americans are not afraid of showing their confidence. To most Chinese, it’d be the responsibility of the company to decide the salary according to the employee’s performance. THIS MAY BE DUE TO CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Suggestions Learning a foreign language well means more than mastering the pronunciation, grammar and expressions. It also means learning its culture
3)Check the preview by doing matching game! acute impatiently run out of communication replace fine/sharp:severe/great ina 8 race through take the place of interaction use up/flow out of nothing but do sth.in a hurry le urely in a hurry go with excellent significance physically present,by oneself conduct in contrast while be at hand exist at the same time in pers superb be able to do st whereas bring sth.to a completion,satisfy 67 be competent to do near in time/place fulfil meaning importance 停滞不前 pace of life ritual interactior 要价 stand still 承受压力 opening exchanges 生活节奉 ther than 开场 /寒 % e to oney 礼节性交 kill time 而不是 be under pressure 6 金钱的奴隶 charge(money)for sth Step 2 Detailed study of Section A This step aims at improving Ssreading ability by practicing Skimming Scanning&Skipping d getting to k major writing device adopted in the passag Answer the following questions related to the text: 1.Question:Para.1 What are the two things Americans try to save? Time and labor 2.The ways Americans save time include:Paras.2-7 Way 1 They treat time seriously. Way 2 They do everthing in a hurry. Way 3 They start talking business quickly
3) Check the preview by doing matching game! 3 7 6 9 1 8 2 4 5 4 9 5 8 2 1 3 6 7 3 7 9 8 1 4 2 5 6 Step 2 Detailed study of Section A This step aims at improving Ss’ reading ability by practicing Skimming, Scanning & Skipping， analyzing text structure and getting to know the major writing device adopted in the passage. 1) Text understanding Answer the following questions related to the text: 1. Question: Para. 1 What are the two things Americans try to save? Time and labor. 2. The ways Americans save time include: Paras. 2－7 Way 1 They treat time seriously. Way 2 They do everything in a hurry. Way 3 They start talking business quickly. acute run out of replace in a rush restlessly race through interaction nothing but leisurely impatiently communication fine/sharp; severe/great only without hurry take the place of use up/flow out of do sth. in a hurry in a hurry go with significance conduct be at hand in person superb whereas be competent to do fulfill excellent physically present, by oneself in contrast, while exist at the same time carry out be able to do sth. bring sth. to a completion, satisfy near in time/place meaning, importance 停滞不前 消磨时间 要价 承受压力 生活节奏 开场白/寒暄 礼节性交往 而不是 金钱的奴隶 pace of life ritual interaction stand still opening exchanges rather than slave to money kill time be under pressure charge (money) for sth
Way 4 They use modern devices to communicate with each other efficiently 3.Conclusion:different ideas:Para8 To successfully solve a problem and to fulfill a job with speed is taken by mericans as a sign of Skillfulness&being competent The foreigners consider it proper to take time doing things. 2）Organization Main idea of the text: "Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully,the other being labor' Main idea of each part 女PartI (para.1) Part I (paras.2-7) Americans'attitude towards time and how they try to save time in daily life and in business ◆Part III(para.8) It is taken as a sign of being competent tosolvea problem or fufll a job successfully with speed in the US Writing Device:Deduction(from general to specific) WHAT?What does the writer want to tell us? Americans are time conscious A general point: Americans are time-conscious people "Time isone of the two elements that Ame ricans sav carefully,the other being abor. (Topic of Para.1) 人 Specific Details(SD) Reasons (R) Topic of Para.2 2, Topic of Para.3 3. Topic of Para.4 4. Topic of Paras.5-7? 5.7. Para.2 SD:Time is treated as if it were something almost real. R:Time isapreciou us resource Para.3 SD:Everyone in the U.S.is in a rush in daily life. R:They are often under pressure and value time highly. Para.4 SD:Americans start talking business directly without opening exchanges R:Time is always ticking in their inner ear
Way 4 They use modern devices to communicate with each other efficiently. 3.Conclusion: different ideas: Para. 8 To successfully solve a problem and to fulfill a job with speed is taken by Americans as a sign of Skillfulness & being competent The foreigners consider it proper to take time doing things. 2) Organization: Main idea of the text: “Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor” Main idea of each part Part I (para. 1) Americans save time carefully. Part II (paras. 2-7) Americans’ attitude towards time and how they try to save time in daily life and in business. Part III (para. 8) It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job successfully with speed in the US. Writing Device: Deduction (from general to specific) WHAT? What does the writer want to tell us? Americans are time conscious. HOW? How does he support his idea? By giving specific details, then telling the reasons. A general point: Americans are time-conscious people “ Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor .” (Topic of Para.1) Para. 2 SD: Time is treated as if it were something almost real. R: Time is a precious resource. Para. 3 SD: Everyone in the U.S. is in a rush in daily life. R: They are often under pressure and value time highly. Para. 4 SD: Americans start talking business directly without opening exchanges. R: Time is always ticking in their inner ear. Specific Details (SD): Topic of Para.2 ? Topic of Para.3 ? Topic of Para.4 ? Topic of Paras.5－7 ? Reasons (R): 2. 3. 4. 5-7.
Paras.5-7 SD:Americans work hard at the task of saving time by producing a steady flow of labor-saving devices R:These devices ansave the feet and endless amounts oftime Referring to Para.3 Para.7 for further Analysis(P.12-14) Tips for Writing ormally.a writer presens his statement at the beginning of a paragraph,and supports it with specific details,then he'll briefly tell readers the reason(s). 1.Decide the topic 2.Write the topic sentence 3.Turn the topic sentence into HOW WHY question 4.Before details&of the question Your Task Try to write your own paragraph supported by specific details and reason(s). Topics: 1.Protection of the environment has become a major concer of society s are of great useinour daily 3.English is becoming more importan (You can choose one of the three topics. 3)Language points no one stands still.(L1) 【释义】No one keeps motionless everyone moves and advances. 【结构】句中sad是系动词，后接形容词性短语，意为处于某种状态”。 【例句】Stand firm-don't let them tell you what to do. 要坚定，不要让他们对你指手画脚。 【译文】没有人会停止 2.This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching,experimenting and exploring.(L.2) 【释义】4s a resul山of this attitude,Americans tend to devote their time and energy to searching.experimenting and exploring. 【结构】com edo作后置定语 Dcommit sb./sth.to (doing)sth. (2)commit oneself to sth. devote to (doing)sth 【例句】Decide your choice and tell why: 1.Everybody B on earth is pulled downwards by the earth A.located B.locatin 2. The gardens B with beautiful flowerssparkled in the heavy dew A.crowding B.crowded 3 He didn't wish it A A.mentioned B.mentioning
Paras. 5-7 SD: Americans work hard at the task of saving time by producing a steady flow of labor-saving devices. R: These devices can save the feet and endless amounts of time. Referring to Para.3 & Para.7 for further Analysis (P. 12-14) Tips for Writing Normally, a writer presents his statement at the beginning of a paragraph, and supports it with specific details, then he’ll briefly tell readers the reason(s). 1.Decide the topic. 2.Write the topic sentence . 3.Turn the topic sentence into HOW & WHY question. 4.Before writing, outline details & reasons of the questions. Your Task Try to write your own paragraph supported by specific details and reason(s). Topics : 1. Protection of the environment has become a major concern of society. 2. Computers are of great use in our daily life. 3. English is becoming more important. (You can choose one of the three topics.) 3) Language points 1. . no one stands still. (L.1) 【释义】No one keeps motionless, everyone moves and advances. 【结构】句中 stand 是系动词，后接形容词性短语，意为“处于某种状态”。 【例句】Stand firm — don’t let them tell you what to do. 要坚定, 不要让他们对你指手画脚。 【译文】没有人会停止不前。 2. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. (L.2) 【释义】As a result of this attitude, Americans tend to devote their time and energy to researching, experimenting and exploring. 【结构】committed to 作后置定语 ①commit sb./sth. to (doing) sth. ②commit oneself to sth. —devote to (doing) sth. 【例句】Decide your choice and tell why: 1. Everybody B on earth is pulled downwards by the earth. A. located B. locating 2. The gardens B with beautiful flowers sparkled in the heavy dew. A. crowding B. crowded 3. He didn’t wish it A . A. mentioned B. mentioning
【译文】这种态度造就了一个决心投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。 3. e is one of the twoelements that Americans save carefully,the other being labor.(L) 【释义】Time is one of the two elements that A ave carefully,an 【结构】the other being labor是独立主格结构，其结构为subject+现在/过去分词。 【例句】No further discussions arising,the meeting was brought to an end. 没有做进一步的讨论，会议就结束了。 【译文】时间是类国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一个则是工作 They will miss the ritua interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of teaor coffee that may be a convention in their own country.(L23) 【释义】They will be sad because they will not have the usual exchanges(with the person who invited you)that go with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee.These usual exchanges may 【结构】该句中有两个hat引导的定语从句：that goes a welcoming cup of tea or coffee术 that may be a convention in their own country,都修饰interaction. 【译文】他们也会怀念那种喝着招待客人的茶或咖啡的礼节性交往，这也许是他们自己 国家的一种习俗。 Normally,Americans do their visitors in such relaxed suroundings over extended Small talk take the out for dinner, ·(L27) 【释义】 ally Americans do not judge ate their visitors in (a restaurant or house which are considered)relaxed places through long.light conversations:It is even less likely that Americans take their visitors out for dinner or to play golf. 【结构】第二个分句是句首状语型的倒装句。much less意为“更不用说”，与still less, let alone同义。 【例句】 ouldn't much ess for dinne 她连水也不肯喝 口，更别说留下吃饭了。 【译文】一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评估他们 的客人的，更不用说在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或去高尔夫球场。 6 Since assess and probe nally rather ocially we start talkins quickly.(L.29) 【释义】Since we in most cases evaluate our visitors and ask them questions from a professional point of view instead of a social one,we start talking what is our concern very quickly (and there is no need in our eyes to spend time on small talk and the like). 【结构】rather than用作连词，连接的前后成分应该是一致的。 【倒句】Nucle science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them (CET41993,6 【译文】既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人的，我们就开门见山 地谈正事。 7 We communicate rapidly through faxes,phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts.which though ple asant take longer specially given outraffic-filled(L32) 【释义】 personal contacts.Although personal contacts are pleasant,they take longer time,especially when we take into account our busy streets that are often full of traffic. 【结构】本句中which引导的定语从句修饰personal contact;gven作介词，意为考 虑到.”，经常引导状语
【译文】这种态度造就了一个决心投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。 3. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor. (L.3) 【释义】Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, and the other islabor. 【结构】the other being labor 是独立主格结构，其结构为 subject + 现在/过去分词。 【例句】No further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to an end. 没有做进一步的讨论, 会议就结束了。 【译文】时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一个则是工作。 4. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. (L.23) 【释义】They will be sad because they will not have the usual exchanges (with the person who invited you) that go with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee. These usual exchanges may be a common and regular practice on similar occasions in their own country. 【结构】该句中有两个 that 引导的定语从句：that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee 和 that may be a convention in their own country，都修饰 interaction。 【译文】他们也会怀念那种喝着招待客人的茶或咖啡的礼节性交往, 这也许是他们自己 国家的一种习俗。 5. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course. (L.27) 【释义】Usually Americans do not judge or evaluate their visitors in (a restaurant or coffee house which are considered) relaxed places through long, light conversations; It is even less likely that Americans take their visitors out for dinner or to play golf. 【结构】第二个分句是句首状语型的倒装句。much less 意为“更不用说”，与 still less， let alone 同义。 【例句】She wouldn’t take a drink, much less stay for dinner. 她连水也不肯喝一口，更别说留下吃饭了。 【译文】一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评估他们 的客人的，更不用说在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或去高尔夫球场。 6. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. (L.29) 【释义】Since we in most cases evaluate our visitors and ask them questions from a professional point of view instead of a social one, we start talking what is our concern very quickly (and there is no need in our eyes to spend time on small talk and the like). 【结构】rather than 用作连词，连接的前后成分应该是一致的。 【例句】Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them. (CET-4:1993,6) 【译文】既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人的，我们就开门见山 地谈正事。 7. We communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer — especially given our traffic-filled streets. (L.32) 【释义】We communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts. Although personal contacts are pleasant, they take longer time, especially when we take into account our busy streets that are often full of traffic. 【结构】本句中 which 引导的定语从句修饰 personal contact; given 作介词，意为“考 虑到······”，经常引导状语
【例句】Given their inexperience,they've done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们算做得不错了。 【译文】我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子 他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直 接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间，尤其是考虑到交通拥挤的街 道。 8.To us the impersonality of electronie communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand.(L37) 【释义】whe communicate through means,which may seem not involving ngs,it dc that we regard matter under discussion unimportan 【译文】就我们而言，电子交流的峡乏人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少有 或完全没有关系。 9.This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here.whereas the postal service is fficient.(L6) 【释义】This is partly because the telep hone service isexcelent here,but the postal serviceis less efficient 【结构】that the telephone service is superb here是同位语从句。名词idea fact,news, hope.belief等后面常接同位语从句说明具体内容 【例句】There are signs that nts are bee oming more popular with families (Cet-4: 200,.6) The mere fact that most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.(CET-4:19976) 【译文】其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美国的电话服务是一流的，而邮政服务的效 率则差动多了。 10.Unlessa ount of time is allowed to elap e it s ms in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant,not worthy of proper respect.(L49) If a certain amount of time is not allowed to pass.it will give the impression.in their opinion.that the task being considered is not important or not properly respected. 【结构】asf引导的表语从句中谓语动词w©e用的是虚拟语气，但根据说话人的口气， 谓语动词也可以用陈球句语气 【例句】 That tree looked as if it hadn't been watered for along time.(CET-:1993,1) The milk smells as if it is sour 【译文】在他们看来，如果不是花一定时间来处理某件事的话，则这件事就好像是无 足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。 11 In the US how ver,it's taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a io with speed.(L51) 【释义】In the U.S.however,.if you can/are able to solve a problem or do a job quickly you will be considered as a person having skill or ability. 【译文】但在美国，能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作，则被视为是有水平、有 能力的标志。 12. Usually,the more is the more capital,will be poured “get it moving”.(L.53) 【释义】Usually,.ifthe task is very important.people will pour into it a lot of money,.energy and attention,in order to start work on it or to get it done. 【结构】the more.the more.结构的状语从句意为越.越”。该句型有时以省
【例句】Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们算做得不错了。 【译文】我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流, 而不是通过直 接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间, 尤其是考虑到交通拥挤的街 道。 8. To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. (L.37) 【释义】When we communicate through electronic means, which may seem not involving human feelings, it does not mean that we regard the matter under discussion unimportant. 【译文】就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少有 或完全没有关系。 9. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient. (L.46) 【释义】This is partly because the telephone service is excellent here, but the postal service is less efficient. 【结构】that the telephone service is superb here.是同位语从句。名词 idea, fact, news, hope, belief 等后面常接同位语从句说明具体内容。 【例句】There are signs that restaurants are becoming more popular with families. (Cet-4: 2000, 6) The mere fact that most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur. (CET-4:1997,6) 【译文】其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美国的电话服务是一流的，而邮政服务的效 率则差劲多了。 10. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. (L.49) 【释义】If a certain amount of time is not allowed to pass, it will give the impression, in their opinion, that the task being considered is not important or not properly respected. 【结构】as if 引导的表语从句中谓语动词 were 用的是虚拟语气，但根据说话人的口气， 谓语动词也可以用陈述句语气。 【例句】That tree looked as if it hadn’t been watered for a long time. (CET-4: 1993,1) The milk smells as if it is sour. 【译文】在他们看来，如果不是花一定时间来处理某件事的话，则这件事就好像是无 足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。 11. In the U.S., however, it’s taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. (L51) 【释义】In the U.S., however, if you can / are able to solve a problem or do a job quickly, you will be considered as a person having skill or ability. 【译文】但在美国，能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作，则被视为是有水平、有 能力的标志。 12. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to “get it moving”. (L.53) 【释义】Usually, if the task is very important, people will pour into it a lot of money, energy and attention, in order to start work on it or to get it done. 【结构】the more. the more.结构的状语从句意为“越······越······”。该句型有时以省
略句的形式出现。 【例句】The coarser the sediment,.the steeper and narrower the beach -The coarser the sediment is,the steeper and narrower the beach is 沉积物越粗糙，海滩就越陡、越窄。 【译文】通常，工作越重要，投入的资金、精力和注意力就越多，其目的是“使工作 开展起来”。 Step3 Consolidation&development This step aims at engaging in other after-reading activities 1)Translation ①平衡今年的预算开支对公司的财政状况十分重要。(budget) To balance this year's budget is quite important for the financial conditions of the company ②我们都很感谢你愿意在困难之时帮助我们。(appreciate) We all appreciate your wanting to help us in our difficultie ③乔治接替的那位人事部经理无法解释钱是在他家里找到的这个事实。(eplace,.ccount for) The personnel manager replaced by George couldn't account for the fact that the money 我们把从因特网上获取的有用信息用于课堂讨论。(obtain) We use the valuable information obtained from the Internet in class discussion. ④他们没有对供水系统作全面检查，导致大早后这个地区严重缺水。(conduct,.result in,. acute) They didn't conduct 0 n the water supply system,which resulted in an acute ack of thi are r the di oug ⑤大学生要培养独立意识，这一点确实很重要。(cout) That college students have to develop their awareness of being independent really counts. ©当从人群中挤过去的时候，她对其他购物者非常粗鲁。(@bow,abrupt) When elbowing her ugh the crowd,she uite abrunt with o ⑦他们建议我们泻车去惧乐部消磨几个小时或是在家闲地品”怀啤清。 ther sho isurely) They suggest/propose that we(should)drive to the clubto kill a couple of hoursor have a leisurely glass of beer at home ⑧这对老年夫妇十二年来一直资助六名贫困儿童念书。在大家的心目中，他们值得我们 尊。(in the eyes of,be worthy of) The old co ouple have been fin ncially supporting six poor children with their studies for In the eyeso they are wor 、©妻子卧病在床，他和其他家人一样焦躁不安，在房间里走来走去。ccsw our His wife being ill in bed,he walked up and down in the room as restlessly as other family members ①看她对孩子们的兴趣，教书应该是适合她的职业。(giv©m Given her interest in children,teaching should be the right career for he 2)Related Information American Culture L.Individualism(个人主义
略句的形式出现。 【例句】The coarser the sediment, the steeper and narrower the beach. =The coarser the sediment is, the steeper and narrower the beach is. 沉积物越粗糙，海滩就越陡、越窄。 【译文】通常，工作越重要，投入的资金、精力和注意力就越多，其目的是 “使工作 开展起来”。 Step 3 Consolidation & development This step aims at engaging in other after-reading activities. 1) Translation ① 平衡今年的预算开支对公司的财政状况十分重要。(budget) To balance this year’s budget is quite important for the financial conditions of the company. ② 我们都很感谢你愿意在困难之时帮助我们。(appreciate) We all appreciate your wanting to help us in our difficulties. ③ 乔治接替的那位人事部经理无法解释钱是在他家里找到的这个事实。(replace, account for) The personnel manager replaced by George couldn’t account for the fact that the money was found in his house. 我们把从因特网上获取的有用信息用于课堂讨论。(obtain) We use the valuable information obtained from the Internet in class discussion. ④ 他们没有对供水系统作全面检查，导致大旱后这个地区严重缺水。 (conduct, result in, acute) They didn’t conduct overall checks on the water supply system, which resulted in an acute lack of water in this area after the drought. ⑤ 大学生要培养独立意识，这一点确实很重要。(count) That college students have to develop their awareness of being independent really counts. ⑥ 当从人群中挤过去的时候，她对其他购物者非常粗鲁。(elbow, abrupt) When elbowing her way through the crowd, she was quite abrupt with other shoppers. ⑦ 他们建议我们驾车去俱乐部消磨几个小时或是在家悠闲地品一杯啤酒。(kill, leisurely) They suggest / propose that we (should) drive to the club to kill a couple of hours or have a leisurely glass of beer at home. ⑧ 这对老年夫妇十二年来一直资助六名贫困儿童念书。在大家的心目中，他们值得我们 尊敬。(in the eyes of, be worthy of) The old couple have been financially supporting six poor children with their studies for twelve years. In the eyes of everybody, they are worthy of our respect. ⑨ 妻子卧病在床，他和其他家人一样焦躁不安，在房间里走来走去。(restlessly) His wife being ill in bed, he walked up and down in the room as restlessly as other family members. ⑩ 看她对孩子们的兴趣，教书应该是适合她的职业。(given) Given her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her. 2) Related Information American Culture 1. Individualism (个人主义)