Unit 3(BookV) Section A (4periods) 内容：SectionA:An Introduction to Sales Promotion 1.Learn about techniques of products promotion and services performance. 2.Enlarge vocabulary; 3.Translate a passage about products promotion from Chinese into English by using same phrases from the text 4.Writing skills:exemplification 重点和难点： 1.Key words: collide accommodate amend enlighten acquaint quota slump magnify refund amplify booth bonus 2.Phrases: other than as such in coniunction with bring in in search of give away 3.Collocation expand 步骤： Step One:Background Information Step Two:StructureAnalysis Step Three:Detailed Study of the Tex Step Four:Exereise △Background Information 1.Budweiser:Budweiser is the brand-name of the world's top-selling beer,produced by Anheuser-Busch Companies,Inc the largest brewing company in the world Based in St Louis Missouri,Anheuser-Busch produces about 30 varieties of beer.which it distributes in more thar 70 countries.The company is the world's largest recycler of aluminum cans and a leading manufacturer of metal beverage containers It also owns several theme parks including Busch Gardens and Sea World.For more information about Budwe iser pleas visit http:/w 2.Pub (BrE short for public house):Pub is a building (not a club,hotel etc.but often serving meals)where alcoholic drinks are sold and served:it is the same as bar.or tavern in the eves of Americans.Related terms:Public bar-the less expensive bar in a public house (or hotel): smarter and more lavishy furnished area ina public house (or hotel). .Philips:Philips isa major Dutch manuf cturer of consumer components, sehold appliances lighting equipment,and computer and telecommunications equipment.Its headquarters are in Eindhoven,the Netherlands.To learn more about Philips,you can visit its official website at http:h限philips.com
Unit 3(Book V) Section A (4 periods) 内容：Section A: An Introduction to Sales Promotion 目的: 1. Learn about techniques of products promotion and services performance; 2. Enlarge vocabulary; 3. Translate twelve sentences and a passage about products promotion from Chinese into English by using same phrases from the text; 4. Writing skills: exemplification; 重点和难点： 1． Key words: collide accommodate amend enlighten acquaint quota slump magnify refund amplify booth bonus 2．Phrases: other than as such in conjunction with bring in in search of give away 3. Collocation: expand 步骤: Step One: Background Information Step Two: Structure Analysis Step Three: Detailed Study of the Text Step Four: Exercise ∆ Background Information 1. Budweiser: Budweiser is the brand-name of the world’s top-selling beer, produced by Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc., the largest brewing company in the world. Based in St. Louis, Missouri, Anheuser-Busch produces about 30 varieties of beer, which it distributes in more than 70 countries. The company is the world’s largest recycler of aluminum cans and a leading manufacturer of metal beverage containers. It also owns several theme parks, including Busch Gardens and Sea World. For more information about Budweiser, please visit http://www.budweiser.com/. 2. Pub ( BrE short for public house): Pub is a building (not a club, hotel, etc. but often serving meals) where alcoholic drinks are sold and served; it is the same as bar, or tavern in the eyes of Americans. Related terms: Public bar - the less expensive bar in a public house (or hotel); lounge bar - the smarter and more lavishly furnished area in a public house (or hotel). 3. Philips: Philips is a major Dutch manufacturer of consumer components, household appliances, lighting equipment, and computer and telecommunications equipment. Its headquarters are in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. To learn more about Philips, you can visit its official website at http://www.philips.com
Aim of PartA 1.Main Idea&Structure Analysis Part IThe general concept of sales promotion (Para.1-6) Main idea Sales promotion of those promotionl activities other than advertising.rna selling.and publicity.The techniques of sales promotion are acombination of varied activities like coupons,drawings,games,contests,etc.Sales promotion is supplementary to advertising. personal selling.publicity and temporary in nature.Sales promotion is to stimulate consumer demand and o etr products and has grown steadily in terms of popularity both in the United States and overseas and become indispensable. Part II The advantage and disadvantages of sales promotion in practice.(Para.7-10) Main idea Sales promotion is effective in helping consumers become acquainted with a new product and busin gain the extra compe ve advanta Sales promotio sometimes collide with psychological ba consumers. Part III Conclusion (Para.11) Main idea sales notion methods may have to be amended.The employed should be cons Useful Patterns 3 Words Phrases 1)enlighten v.give knowledge to insruct,teach,free fro Topractice the olicy,one of the problems is to enlighten people about the techniques of birth contro Nobody cared to enlighten her,and after an embarrassing silence the conversation turned to other matters Such teaching is not simply with the object of enlightening the mind,but to mould the nd give directionto life 2)slump:n. 1>economic recession The economic growth of the 1960s and early 1970s came to grief because of the Western economic slump and the rapid increase in world population. and the fear of AIDS have made lifeeven touher for people in this are Sharp decline or heavy fall One of the major changes industry had to adapt to in the autumn of 1987 was the stock markets slump that saw share prices fall sharply. vifall heavily;collapse;decline sharply
Aim of Part A 1. Main Idea & Structure Analysis Part I The general concept of sales promotion (Para. 1-6) Main idea Sales promotion consists of those promotional activities other than advertising, personal selling, and publicity. The techniques of sales promotion are a combination of varied activities like coupons, drawings, games, contests, etc. Sales promotion is supplementary to advertising, personal selling, publicity and temporary in nature. Sales promotion is to stimulate consumer demand and to get support from business people and is applicable to consumer products and industrial selling. Sales promotion has grown steadily in terms of popularity both in the United States and overseas and become indispensable. Part II The advantage and disadvantages of sales promotion in practice. (Para. 7-10) Main idea Sales promotion is effective in helping consumers become acquainted with a new product and business gain the extra competitive advantage of existing products. Sales promotion can sometimes collide with psychological barriers, and this fact is applicable to shop owners as well as consumers. Part III Conclusion (Para. 11) Main idea Much like other marketing aspects, sales promotion methods may have to be amended. The techniques employed should be consistent with the local preference. 2. Useful Patterns 3. Words & Phrases 1) enlighten vt. give knowledge to; instruct; teach; free from ignorance, false beliefs, or prejudice To practice the birth-control policy, one of the technical problems is to enlighten people about the techniques of birth control. Nobody cared to enlighten her, and after an embarrassing silence the conversation turned to other matters. Such teaching is not simply with the object of enlightening the mind, but to mould the personality and give direction to life. 2) slump: n. 1> economic recession The economic growth of the 1960s and early 1970s came to grief because of the Western economic slump and the rapid increase in world population. The current economic slump and the fear of AIDS have made life even tougher for people in this area. 2> Sharp decline or heavy fall One of the major changes industry had to adapt to in the autumn of 1987 was the stock markets slump that saw share prices fall sharply. vi. fall heavily; collapse; decline sharply
Certainly,he failed to respond immediately to the gravity of the situation,and his authority slmped accordingly 3)launch:v. 1>set going;start;begin;introduce;initiate launch a product,company.project,etc. She wants to be more than just a singer and is launching out into films and TV series. 2>send,release Launch an attack,missile,rocket,ete The troopsaunched the attacks in revenge after the death of six soldiers in a land mine explosion 4)amplify:vt. 1>increase in size or strength The children amplified the anxieties of their parents as they approached the stages of 2>add to or enlarge upon what is writtenor said by giving further details or illustrations He amplified his views in a broadcast on state television. As amplified below.the play will be a great success if plavers interact naturally with their facial expressions. 5)collide:vi 1>(with)clash;conflict What we are now has much to do with the way we have steered round or even collided with the obstacles in our lives. 2>(with)crash:rush into For no rent reason he had collided with a car coming in the opposite direction killing the other driver instantly 6)amend:vt. 1>change for the better,improve We have to give him chances to amend his ways 2> remove or rrect faults in me to amend the spelling in my paper. 7)Other than: 1>Apart from:except There is no discipline applied to the activity other than itsability to generate profit 2>different from The truth is quite other than what you think 8)as such 1>as being what is indicated:as it exactly means.in the exact sense of the word(s) As such,a great deal of help is required with security and car parking. There weren't many vegetarian dishes as such.though we did have several kinds of cheese in itsefor in themselves Most of the work that most people have to do,as such,is not interesting.but even such work is better than no work to do at all
Certainly, he failed to respond immediately to the gravity of the situation, and his authority slumped accordingly. 3) launch: vt. 1>set going; start; begin; introduce; initiate launch a product, company, project, etc. She wants to be more than just a singer and is launching out into films and TV series. 2>send; release Launch an attack, missile, rocket, etc. The troops launched the attacks in revenge after the death of six soldiers in a land mine explosion. 4) amplify: vt. 1> increase in size or strength The children amplified the anxieties of their parents as they approached the stages of selection for secondary schools. 2> add to or enlarge upon what is written or said by giving further details or illustrations He amplified his views in a broadcast on state television. As amplified below, the play will be a great success if players interact naturally with their facial expressions. 5) collide: vi. 1> (with) clash; conflict What we are now has much to do with the way we have steered round or even collided with the obstacles in our lives. 2> (with) crash; rush into For no apparent reason he had collided with a car coming in the opposite direction, killing the other driver instantly. 6) amend: vt. 1> change for the better; improve We have to give him chances to amend his ways. 2> remove or correct faults in The teacher asked me to amend the spelling in my paper. 7) Other than: 1> Apart from; except There is no discipline applied to the activity other than its ability to generate profit. 2> different from The truth is quite other than what you think. 8) as such 1> as being what is indicated; as it exactly means; in the exact sense of the word(s) As such, a great deal of help is required with security and car parking. There weren’t many vegetarian dishes as such, though we did have several kinds of cheese. 2> in itself or in themselves Most of the work that most people have to do, as such, is not interesting, but even such work is better than no work to do at all
You can use a hand mirror in conjunction with the wall mirror to get a back view of yourself. 10)give away: 1>give (sth)free of charge gave away most of her money to the Hope Project 2>abandon;lose You have given away a good chance of success. 3>(infiml.)reveal sth.secret or concealed He was removed from his office because he had given away the company's information. A Detailed Study ofthe Text 1.For our purposes here,promotion is a broad term that includes sales promotions as well as the other thre promotional activities.(Para.1) Meaning our studies her promotion isa word that recognizes sales promotion along with the other three promotional activities. 2.The common ones used are coupons,.and trading stamps.(Para2) trading stamps:A trading stamp is a stamp given as a premium to a customer,specified quantities of these stamps being exchangeable for various articles. 3.Budweiser glasses,bar towels,football banners,and similar items were als offered for sale to pub patrons.(Para.3) Meaning:Budweiser glasses,bar towels,football banners,and similar items were also offered to pubs to sell to their regular customers. 4.The American company also had to convince the Thai businessmen not to store their company's products in the freezers and not to unplugfreezer units at night to save electricity (Para.4) Meaning:For an American company to do this successfully,it also had to persuade the Thai businessmen not to store their company's products in the freezers and not to unplug freezer 5.The use of sales promotion is not limited to consumer products,it can be used with industrial selling too.(Para.5) Meaning:Sales promotion is not only effective in increasing sales of consumer goods,it is /effective toindustrial products. Compared with five years ago,three of five firms had moved to increase their expenditures on such non-media alternatives as booths at trade shows and expositions,displays where people can purchase the product directly,and publicity.(Para 6) Meaning:When comparing today's amount of sales promotions with that of five years ago
9) in conjunction with: in combination with; together withHerbal medicine was often used in conjunction with acupuncture and massage. You can use a hand mirror in conjunction with the wall mirror to get a back view of yourself. 10) give away: 1> give (sth.) free of charge She gave away most of her money to the Hope Project. 2> abandon; lose You have given away a good chance of success. 3> (infml.) reveal sth. secret or concealed He was removed from his office because he had given away the company’s information. ∆ Detailed Study of the Text 1. For our purposes here, promotion is a broad term that includes sales promotions as well as the other three promotional activities. (Para.1) Meaning: For our studies here, promotion is a word that recognizes sales promotion along with the other three promotional activities. 2. The common ones used are coupons, . and trading stamps. (Para.2) trading stamps: A trading stamp is a stamp given as a premium to a customer, specified quantities of these stamps being exchangeable for various articles. 3. Budweiser glasses, bar towels, football banners, and similar items were also offered for sale to pub patrons. (Para.3) Meaning: Budweiser glasses, bar towels, football banners, and similar items were also offered to pubs to sell to their regular customers. 4. The American company also had to convince the Thai businessmen not to store their company’s products in the freezers and not to unplug freezer units at night to save electricity. (Para.4) Meaning: For an American company to do this successfully, it also had to persuade the Thai businessmen not to store their company’s products in the freezers and not to unplug freezer units at night to save electricity. 5. The use of sales promotion is not limited to consumer products; it can be used with industrial selling too. (Para.5) Meaning: Sales promotion is not only effective in increasing sales of consumer goods, it is also applicable/effective to industrial products. 6. Compared with five years ago, three of five firms had moved to increase their expenditures on such non-media alternatives as booths at trade shows and expositions, displays where people can purchase the product directly, and publicity. (Para.6) Meaning: When comparing today’s amount of sales promotions with that of five years ago
three of five companies have increased their spending on such non-media methods as publicity and have and expositions for people to purchase the products directly. 7.It also works well with existing products that are highly competitive and similar to each other. especially when they have a low unit-price and high turn over.(Para.7) s.Sales promotion also works well to sell products that competitors and are similart oth er especially when pricesre low for each unit sold and when they are sold and replaced at a high rate 8.In Brazil,electrical fixtures are treated as commodities,and Philips wanted to make electricians aware of its brand.(Para8) Meaning:Electrical fixtures are taken as commodities in Brazil.A company named Philips 9. fear that the manufacturer will not repay them the money they lose when giving the discount (Para.10) Meaning:Some foreign retailers feel hesitated in accepting manufacturers'discount coupons cturers'promise to repay them the money that they ose by giving thei consumers a 10.The techniques employed.To be effective,should be consistent with the local preferences (Para.11) Meaning For the sales promotion techniques to be successful,they should be consistent with al people's likes △Exercise 1.Discuss the questions as follows: Topie1 Whatare the four promotional activities? Topic Why has sales promotion become more and more popular? Topie 3 Which points must one keep in mind in order to make the sales-promotion techniques effective? 2 Translation 3 Sentence making acquaint slump magnify refund amplify collide with other than as such in conjunction with give away Section B (2periods) 内容：Reading skills&Section B:The Package as Product 目的：Learn some reading skills and apply them into the reading practice. 重点和难点：
three of five companies have increased their spending on such non-media methods as publicity and have booths at trade shows and expositions for people to purchase the products directly. 7. It also works well with existing products that are highly competitive and similar to each other, especially when they have a low unit-price and high turn over. (Para.7) Meaning: Sales promotion also works well to sell products that have many competitors and are similar to each other, especially when prices are low for each unit sold and when they are sold and replaced at a high rate. 8. In Brazil, electrical fixtures are treated as commodities, and Philips wanted to make electricians aware of its brand. (Para.8) Meaning: Electrical fixtures are taken as commodities in Brazil. A company named Philips wanted to make its own brand of electrical fixtures popular among electricians in the country. 9. Some foreign retailers are reluctant to accept manufacturers’ discount coupons because they fear that the manufacturer will not repay them the money they lose when giving the discount. (Para.10) Meaning: Some foreign retailers feel hesitated in accepting manufacturers’ discount coupons and in trusting manufacturers’ promise to repay them the money that they lose by giving their consumers a discount. 10. The techniques employed. To be effective, should be consistent with the local preferences. (Para.11) Meaning: For the sales promotion techniques to be successful, they should be consistent with the local people’s likes. ∆ Exercise 1. Discuss the questions as follows: Topic 1 What are the four promotional activities? Topic 2 Why has sales promotion become more and more popular? Topic 3 Which points must one keep in mind in order to make the sales-promotion techniques effective? 2. Translation 3. Sentence making amend enlighten acquaint slump magnify refund amplify collide with other than as such in conjunction with give away Section B (2 periods) 内容：Reading skills & Section B: The Package as Product 目的：Learn some reading skills and apply them into the reading practice. 重点和难点：
Reading skills:Lexical Repetition Words and Phrases:bewilder.consensus.trigger.dazzle.denote.initiate.trifle.console.under consideration on one's hands go to the expense of doing sth 步德， Step One:Detailed explanation of the reading skills. Step Two:Ask the students to finish the exercises in reading skill. Step Three:Answer the questions that the students have met in the reading. Step Four Point out some important expressions in the passage and make the students do more practice. Words,Phrases Useful Patterns 1.bewildering:a.confusing because the range of things is very large and offers many choices There is a bewilder ing variety of roses to choos from the oses presented in our shop suit every tas e and purpose 2.the majority of:most e.g.Although the majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio,radio programs have their unique advantages. 3.transfer.from.to.:move.from to The head company has been transferred from ondon to Shangha 4.dramatic a.exitingor impressive e.g. His dramatic escape from the prison turned out to be a turning point in his life. 5.involve:vt.1)concem:be related to:2)include (sth.)as a necessary part of an event or situatio月 e.g 1)The aceident involved a truck and 2people 2)Clearly,science may involve not ony careful observation but also a willingness to be creative 6.formula:n.1)a list of the exact amounts of the ingredients for making sth.esp.medicine:2)a plan or method for doing sth.well cg 1)The company announced that it was chang 2)The formula for success in business,he isa willingness to take risk make (sth.)different by (its)presence e.g.1)It's the job of the medical examiner to differentiate between accidental death and murder 2)What diffe rentiate s these two cars? 8.onone's hands:nder ones care or management;uder one's con e.g. He has got so much money on his hands 9.go to the expense of:expend/spend money on Nowadays people are often seduced in the supermarket and go to the expenses of buying a lot ofthings that are neither needed nor practical 0.highlight:emphasize:m e.g. The TV interview highlights the need for increased investment in the anti-poverty campaign
Reading skills: Lexical Repetition Words and Phrases: bewilder, consensus, trigger, dazzle, denote, initiate, trifle, console, under consideration, on one’s hands, go to the expense of doing sth. 步骤： Step One: Detailed explanation of the reading skills. Step Two: Ask the students to finish the exercises in reading skill. Step Three: Answer the questions that the students have met in the reading. Step Four: Point out some important expressions in the passage and make the students do more practice. Words, Phrases & Useful Patterns 1. bewildering: a. confusing because the range of things is very large and offers many choices e.g. There is a bewildering variety of roses to choose from; the roses presented in our shop suit every taste and purpose. 2. the majority of : most e.g. Although the majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio, radio programs have their unique advantages. 3. transfer . from . to .; move . from . to . The head office of the company has been transferred from London to Shanghai. 4. dramatic: a. exiting or impressive e.g. His dramatic escape from the prison turned out to be a turning point in his life. 5. involve: vt. 1) concern: be related to; 2) include (sth.) as a necessary part of an event or situation e.g. 1) The accident involved a truck and 2 people. 2) Clearly, science may involve not only careful observation but also a willingness to be creative. 6. formula: n. 1) a list of the exact amounts of the ingredients for making sth., esp. medicine; 2) a plan or method for doing sth. well e.g. 1) The company announced that it was changing its soft-drink formula to make it sweeter. 2) The formula for success in business, he said, is a willingness to take risks. 7. differentiate: v. 1) perceive/tell the difference between two or more things; 2) (of a quality) make (sth.) different by (its) presence e.g. 1) It’s the job of the medical examiner to differentiate between accidental death and murder. 2) What differentiates these two cars? 8.on one’s hands: under one’s care or management; under one’s control e.g. He has got so much money on his hands. 9.go to the expense of: expend/spend money on e.g. Nowadays people are often seduced in the supermarket and go to the expenses of buying a lot of things that are neither needed nor practical. 10.highlight: v. emphasize; make prominent; attract attention to e.g. The TV interview highlights the need for increased investment in the anti-poverty campaign
n.the best.most important.or most interesting part eg The highlight of our trip to New York was the hour spent at the top of the Empire State Building 11.dazre:vt.I)blind (sb.)briefly with too much light.2)fig.)impress deeply e.g.1)I didn't switch on the light in case it should dazzle her. 2)In the year in which they met,1954,Layton had two books of poetry published-and Leonard was dazzled by the man's prolific genius. e.g.His account of her life was the most compelling books about how a girl of humble origin becomes a pop star. Exercises: Translation: 1,看样子你患感骨了。(develop) 2.该公司对男女员工一视同仁。(differentiate) 3那个项日的确万无一失。(vinner 4比赛的最精彩部分将于今晚在电视上播出。(highligh) 5.无论怎么看，这都是巨大的成功。(dazzing)) Sentence Making: bewildering,trigger,denote,initiate,console,under consideration,on one's hands,go to the expense of doing sth. Unit 7 Book 5 NHCE Section A The Melissa Virus:A Call to Action(4 periods) 内容：The Melissa Virus.:A Call to Action learn about something about computer virus and the way to prevent from it.And ge learners familiar with the new words and phrases;learn to write a paragraph of cause and effect 重点和难点： 2.Key words: startled propagate degraded jeopardize disclose legitimate insulate timely formulate intent. 2.Phrases: in esssence in circulation in the spectrum of as yet serve in doubt what startles sb.is that 3.Structures:. There is a fear that. 步骤： Step One:Background Information
n. the best, most important, or most interesting part e.g. The highlight of our trip to New York was the hour spent at the top of the Empire State Building. 11. dazzle: vt. 1) blind (sb.) briefly with too much light. 2) (fig.) impress deeply e.g. 1) I didn’t switch on the light in case it should dazzle her. 2) In the year in which they met, 1954, Layton had two books of poetry published - and Leonard was dazzled by the man’s prolific genius. 12.compelling: a. convincing; persuasive e.g. His account of her life was the most compelling books about how a girl of humble origin becomes a pop star. . Exercises: Translation: 1. 看样子你患感冒了。(develop) 2. 该公司对男女员工一视同仁。(differentiate) 3. 那个项目的确万无一失。(winner) 4. 比赛的最精彩部分将于今晚在电视上播出。(highlight) 5. 无论怎么看，这都是巨大的成功。(dazzling) Sentence Making: bewildering, trigger, denote, initiate, console, under consideration, on one’s hands, go to the expense of doing sth. Unit 7 Book 5 NHCE Section A The Melissa Virus: A Call to Action (4 periods) 内容：The Melissa Virus: A Call to Action 目的: learn about something about computer virus and the way to prevent from it. And get learners familiar with the new words and phrases; learn to write a paragraph of cause and effect 重点和难点： 2． Key words: startled propagate degraded jeopardize disclose legitimate insulate timely formulate intent. 2．Phrases: in esssence in circulation in the spectrum of as yet serve as in doubt what startles sb. is that 3. Structures:. There is a fear that. 步骤: Step One: Background Information
Step Two:Structure Analysis Step Three:Detailed Study of the Tex Step Four:Exereise L.Background Information: 梅利步病毒Melissa) 1999年 月26日，星期五，97M隋利莎登上了全球各地报纸的头版。估计数字显示，这个6 宏脚本病毒感染了全球15%~20%的商用PC,病毒传播速度之快令英特尔公司(ne),微软公司0Micr0s0f 下称微软)、以及其他许多使用Ou00k软件的公司措手不及，为了防止损害，他们被迪关闭整个电子部件 系统。 梅利莎通过微软的O0ok电子邮件软件，向用户通讯簿名单中的50位联系人发送邮件来传播自身。 该邮件包含以下这句话：“这就是你请求的文档，不要给别人看”，此外夹带一个W6文档附件。而单击 这个文件（成 千上万毫无疑虑的用户都是这么做的，就会使精毒感染主机并且重复自我复制】 更加令人恼火的事情还在后头 一且被激活，病毒就用动画片《辛普森一家》(The Simpsons)的台 词修政用户的Word文档。 蕴神“梅利莎” 1999年326日，对千全世界的计算机用户来说是 个灾难的开始，美国西部时间星期五上午8：00 种被称为 的电 病毒像瘟疫 海利艺 个色情站点时论霜一个间现一容热寿的大客户当天有6方容流 此种病毒。在“梅利莎”开始蔓延后的12一16个小时，这种病毒席卷了全球互联网络。其速度规模之大 称得上举世空前。 但有人认为“梅利莎”的传输手段并不新鲜，但很狡猾。“你会拒绝接收来自不认 识的人的邮件，但是，这种病毒来自你信任的亲朋好友的邮件中，使人防不胜防.”这就是“梅利莎”的诀 微软公司也是受害者之 其发 人称，微软的电子邮件是严格控制 的。此次得多并未发生 密事件。但此后包括微软公司在内的数十家跨国公司不得不关闭了他们的邮件服务器。虽然没有 到非Exchange系统受到感染的报告，但依然认为其他的系统也极有可能被感染。美国国家基础设施保护 中心(NIPC)的负责人说：“受此病毒影响的公司数目可能己有成千上万2像微软、朗讯和英特尔这样的 技术公司也在此列，并且造成了国际影响」 其实“梅利莎”病毒只是一个宏病毒，隐藏在一个微软 Word97格式的文件里，以附件的方式通过电子郎件传括.E件的主圈是“ImportantMe agefr (.x 在这里 就是邮件发 者的姓名。郎件的内容包括两部分：第一部分是文 好式 的句子：“He.st um。ntyouask,dfor.dontshowanyon,es。:一)'。第二部分是一个名叫“list.doc”的word文件，文 件的内容是互联网上的色情站点的网址，当用户在允许运行“宏”的局部下打开这个文件，病毒首先会降 低运行“宏”时安全性的设置。让用户以后打开‘宏”时不会出现提示，然后在注舒表中创建以下键： -s幻？”，值一般是“bKwvibo”。随后病毒会杏找用户 的outlook或者out xpres 自动地把 文件发送给用户地址簿中的前50个人当这50个人再 次打入已被感染的文件时，病毒如法炮制，使受感染人数微增 美国CERT星期五下午得到关于“梅 利莎”病毒的报告，组织成员连夜分析病毒的组成并寻找病毒源。 CERT的管理员说：“我们一下子 得到来自世界各地的发现该病毒的报告。我们肯定，这将在星期一成为席卷世界计算机的大灾难。”她将 有关此病毒的信息记录下来： CET10年前曾经有过此类记录，这是美国第2次大范围的发布计算机 病毒的公告和详尽的病毒报告。(194年是第一次，提醒人们警惕 允许计算机窃收集密码的病毒。) 关联邦调查局和关园国家设施保护中心(C)也随即发曲病毒警报 许多公司的技术人员放 了他们的周末，以应付“梅利莎”可能带米的意外情况。很快，技术人员总结出米“梅利莎”病毒的一些 特征，并在因特网上公布了一些杀毒方法。但狡猾的“梅利莎”病毒并未就此被剿灭，而是率运地一次又 一次的迷脱了法网。正当企业用户紧急动员起来，严防“梅利莎”时，这种病毒又出现了新的变种一一“藏
Step Two: Structure Analysis Step Three: Detailed Study of the Text Step Four: Exercise I. Background Information: 梅利莎病毒(Melissa) 1999 年 3 月 26 日，星期五，W97M/梅利莎登上了全球各地报纸的头版。估计数字显示，这个 Word 宏脚本病毒感染了全球 15%~20%的商用 PC。病毒传播速度之快令英特尔公司(Intel)、微软公司(Microsoft， 下称微软)、以及其他许多使用 Outlook 软件的公司措手不及，为了防止损害，他们被迫关闭整个电子邮件 系统。 梅利莎通过微软的 Outlook 电子邮件软件，向用户通讯簿名单中的 50 位联系人发送邮件来传播自身。 该邮件包含以下这句话：“这就是你请求的文档，不要给别人看”，此外夹带一个 Word 文档附件。而单击 这个文件(成千上万毫无疑虑的用户都是这么做的)，就会使病毒感染主机并且重复自我复制。 更加令人恼火的事情还在后头——一旦被激活，病毒就用动画片《辛普森一家》(The Simpsons)的台 词修改用户的 Word 文档。 瘟神“梅利莎” 1999 年 3 月 26 日，对于全世界的计算机用户来说是一个灾难的开始，美国西部时间星期五上午 8：00， 一种被称为“梅利莎”刚 elissa）的电脑病毒像瘟疫般开始在全球蔓延。 “梅利莎”病毒源起西欧的 一个色情站点新闻讨论组，第一个向 NSI 报告发现“梅利莎”病毒的大客户当天就有 6 万台机器感染上了 此种病毒。在“梅利莎”开始蔓延后的 12－16 个小时，这种病毒席卷了全球互联网络。其速度规模之大 称得上举世空前。 但有人认为“梅利莎”的传输手段并不新鲜，但很狡猾。“你会拒绝接收来自不认 识的人的邮件，但是，这种病毒来自你信任的亲朋好友的邮件中，使人防不胜防。”这就是“梅利莎”的诀 窍。 微软公司也是受害者之一。其发言人称，微软的电子邮件是严格控制的，此次病毒侵袭并未发生 泄密事件。但此后包括微软公司在内的数十家跨国公司不得不关闭了他们的邮件服务器。NAI 虽然没有接 到非 Exchange 系统受到感染的报告，但依然认为其他的系统也极有可能被感染。美国国家基础设施保护 中心（NIPC）的负责人说：“受此病毒影响的公司数目可能已有成千上万 2 像微软、朗讯和英特尔这样的 技术公司也在此列，并且造成了国际影响。 其实“梅利莎”病毒只是一个宏病毒，隐藏在一个微软 Word97 格式的文件里，以附件的方式通过电子邮件传播。邮件的主题是“ImportantMessageFr（。xx”， 在这里 xxx 就是邮件发送者的姓名。邮件的内容包括两部分：第一部分是文本格式的句子：“He。isthatd。 urn。ntyouask，dfor.dontshowanyon，els。；－）’。第二部分是一个名叫“list．doc”的 word 文件，文 件的内容是互联网上的色情站点的网址，当用户在允许运行“宏”的局部下打开这个文件，病毒首先会降 低运行“宏”时安全性的设置，让用户以后打开‘宏”时不会出现提示，然后在注册表中创建以下键： “HKEY 一 Current－UserSwareMrosMOlllceKJls－sa？”，键值一般是“byKwyjbo”。随后病毒会查找用户 的 outlook 或者 outlookexpress，自动地把感染的文件发送给用户地址簿中的前 50 个人。当这 50 个人再 次打入已被感染的文件时，病毒如法炮制，使受感染人数激增。 美国 CERT 星期五下午得到关于“梅 利莎”病毒的报告，组织成员连夜分析病毒的组成并寻找病毒源。 CERT 的管理员说：‘“我们一下子 得到来自世界各地的发现该病毒的报告。我们肯定，这将在星期一成为席卷世界计算机的大灾难。”’她将 有关此病毒的信息记录下来。 CERT10 年前曾经有过此类记录，这是美国第 2 次大范围的发布计算机 病毒的公告和详尽的病毒报告。（1994 年是第一次，提醒人们警惕一种允许计算机窃贼收集密码的病毒。） 美国联邦调查局和美国国家设施保护中心（NIPC）也随即发出病毒警报。 许多公司的技术人员放弃 了他们的周末，以应付“梅利莎”可能带来的意外情况。很快，技术人员总结出来“梅利莎”病毒的一些 特征，并在因特网上公布了一些杀毒方法。但狡猾的“梅利莎”病毒并未就此被剿灭，而是幸运地一次又 一次的逃脱了法网。正当企业用户紧急动员起来，严防“梅利莎”时，这种病毒又出现了新的变种——“疯
牛P(Madcow). 这种新的“生甲共春在电子部件主题中显示的内容是“Madc0e00ke”,邮件正文 中包含有“bewareofthesPeedofthe Madoow”字样.附带的Wbrd文件名叫“madcow.doc"TendMicro反 病春公司称，这种“致牛”病毒和“梅利莎”病毒非常相似：当用户打开一个电子邮件中附带的W0d文 件时 病毒就会自动向其Ou00k地址簿中的地址发送电子邮件。虽然 “牛”病春一次只自动发送20 电子邮件，但它代码储存在一个Wod文件的不同部分，使其更难被侦测出来。 1999年的3月30日 另一种由“梅利莎”变种的“爸爸”(PaDa)也出现了。这种病毒可以挫败电子过滤器。附在微软的 EXcelspreadsheet中，并可以躲开许多针对它的反病毒软件补丁。此后又出现了W97M-M伦s受等变异的 病毒 由于病毒以极快速度进行着自身的变异，技术人员在W send防止 m上发布的防“梅利 步”病毒补 尽管病毒并不会 个人计算机本身造成损失，但是由于这种病毒可以自动地 快速复制并通过电子邮件发送，这将使大量的垃圾邮件像洪水一样蔓延到互联网，最终邮件服务器将因 堪重负而导致死机。 “梅利莎”病毒惹下滔天大锅，美国联邦调查局(FBI)也组织人马全力搜捕该 病毒的作者。FBI的56个地方分局均参与这一行动。 美闲联邦调杏局右专室发现，偏写“拣利梵 病毒的电子“指纹”与两个执毒信息站右关 1999年3月30日，与“梅利”病春右牵连的病 息网站 odebreak y9和Source0 ”ad c0m被关国联邦调查局强制关闭。这两个网站使用 “AIX-I”和“VicodinES”编写的病毒 “Shiver'”和“PSD2000中，含有和“梅利莎”病毒一楼 样的电子指纹.而“*u一月广是h加b。卜rs病毒交换组织的成员之一，VIcodinES"在Son,eofa0 上拥有一个分支网站 此外，在“将利我”病毒的“SdC。e”变种中，病毒的绵写者还在发代四 四病毒信息网站表示了感谢。 两个被关闭网站的网管大碱：冤枉！对联邦 音局的做法表示极大的 概称自己并沿有做违法的事情。只不过向大家提供 一此有关病的信息 3月31日，为了澄免引起联邦调查局的注意 名叫“coderz.net”的病毒信息网站主动关闭。 过追踪具有难一性的序列ID号，调查人员追踪到了一个网站。该网站上文件中的电子“指纹”和被插) W0d宏中“梅利莎”病毒上的电子“指纹”一模一样。所谓电子“指纹”，又叫“做体访问控制”地址， 是一台PC机以京网卡上一个也具有惟一性的序列D号.那个被称之为“全球惟一识别符”(GUD)的月 列ID号，包含在使用O软件和其它一些应用软件生成的文件中， 名亏了微软O而e软件中那 引起争议的序列D号（仅几周前 该序列1D号还曾经引起保护个人隐私者的责难， 认为它能够被用来追 踪某一确定文件的作者)，研究人员找到了“梅利莎”病毒的编写者。两位软件工程师从“梅利莎”病毒可 提取的信息看起来和“美国在线”的一个账号及一个网站有关，这些资料也许可以使执法人员找出“梅利 梦”病毒的编写者。 这个被追查出来的网站属于一个电脑黑客。这个黑客是好几种病毒工具的编写者， 拥有众多个化名，包括M-codinESSkvRoket,ohnHolmes等，其中，SkyRoket是其在“美国在线”上 用的用户名，也正是那个最先把 含有“得 病毒的电子件张贴在a.sx新闻组的人 SkyRoke 这个用户名的控制者有较长的张贴病毒史，至少有3个张贴于1997年晚些时候的病毒采用了同样的方式 从dora文件“全球惟一识别符”中提取的“煤体访问控制”地址，和众多网站上注册人为VicodinES和 SkyRoket所编写文件中的“媒体访问控制”地址极其吻合，这一发现为最终抓获“梅利莎”的创造者也不 外。 随着调查的溪入，调查人员发现，“SkyRoket”不过是一个虚拟的罪犯，这个用户名是病毒制 告者从一个“美同在线”的用户儿伦来的 。于是案情显得更加扑朔迷离。 跟踪这个15个月以前被 给的账号，“美国在线 国家计算机专家根据内部 一项调查发现了使用该账号的方向是在新泽西州 于发现了嫌疑犯的电话号码。参与此案的联邦调查员不愿详细解释他们是如何跟踪“梅利莎”找到史密 的电话号码的。“无论怎么伪装，通常会留下蛛丝马迹的。 4月1日晚上，关国联邦和州特工人员组 成的突击队将犯罪嫌疑人史密斯速辅归案，当时他正在伊领敦附近的史弟家中。随后关国新泽西州举行新 发有会宜告了这一消总 今年30岁的史密斯曾在AT&T的一家转包合同公司当网络程序员。史密 斯是在阿 丁的住所炮制电子邮件 毒的 并以 佛罗里达的 一位脱名 女的名 字将病毒命名为“梅利莎”（也 有人称是用比尔·盖茨的妻子的名字命名的).调查人员搜查了史密斯的家，但是并未透露查出何物，警察 从史密斯家中查封了一些厚纸板箱和公文包。关因国家计算机分析组织负责人说，史密斯盗用了芙国在线 的账号在公寓制造并传播“梅利莎”病毒。 虽然史密斯的被捕让人们松了一口气，但“梅利莎”事件
牛”（Madcow）。 这种新的“疯牛”病毒在电子邮件主题中显示的内容是“Madcoeqoke”，邮件正文 中包含有“bewareofthesPeedoftheMadcow”字样，附带的 Word 文件名叫“madcow．doc”TrendMicro 反 病毒公司称，这种“疯牛”病毒和“梅利莎”病毒非常相似：当用户打开一个电子邮件中附带的 Word 文 件时，病毒就会自动向其 Outlook 地址簿中的地址发送电子邮件。虽然“疯牛”病毒一次只自动发送 20 封 电子邮件，但它代码储存在一个 Word 文件的不同部分，使其更难被侦测出来。 1999 年的 3 月 30 日， 另一种由“梅利莎”变种的“爸爸”（Papa）也出现了。这种病毒可以挫败电子过滤器，附在微软的 EXcelspreadsheet 中。并可以躲开许多针对它的反病毒软件补丁。此后又出现了 W97M－Melissa 等变异的 病毒。 由于病毒以极快速度进行着自身的变异，技术人员在 w＿．send 防止 com 上发布的防“梅利 莎”病毒补丁很快就失效了。尽管病毒并不会对个人计算机本身造成损失，但是由于这种病毒可以自动地 快速复制并通过电子邮件发送，这将使大量的垃圾邮件像洪水一样蔓延到互联网，最终邮件服务器将因不 堪重负而导致死机。 “梅利莎”病毒惹下滔天大锅，美国联邦调查局（FBI）也组织人马全力搜捕该 病毒的作者。FBI 的 56 个地方分局均参与这一行动。 美国联邦调查局有专家发现，编写“梅利莎” 病毒的电子‘指纹”与两个病毒信息网站有关。 1999 年3 月 30 日，与“梅利莎”病毒有牵连的病毒 信息网站——Codebreakers．oyg 和 Sourceof’kaos。corn 被美国联邦调查局强制关闭。这两个网站使用 “AIX－Fll”和‘“VicodinES”编写的病毒——“Shiver”和“PSD2000’中，含有和“梅利莎”病毒一楼 一样的电子指纹。而“＊u 一 FI 广是 h 加 b＿。卜 rs 病毒交换组织的成员之一，VlcodinES”在 Son。eofkaos 上拥有一个分支网站。 此外，在“梅利莎”病毒的“SyndiC。ie”变种中，病毒的编写者还在宏代码 里面对 Codebreakers，org 病毒信息网站表示了感谢。 两个被关闭网站的网管大喊：冤枉！对联邦调 查局的做法表示极大的愤慨，称自己并没有做违法的事情，只不过向大家提供了一些有关病毒的信息。 3 月 31 日，为了避免引起联邦调查局的注意，一个名叫“coderz．net”的病毒信息网站主动关闭。 通 过追踪具有唯一性的序列 ID 号，调查人员追踪到了一个网站。该网站上文件中的电子“指纹”和被插入 Word 宏中“梅利莎”病毒上的电子“指纹”一模一样。所谓电子“指纹”，又叫“媒体访问控制”地址， 是一台 PC 机以京网卡上一个也具有惟一性的序列 ID 号。那个被称之为“全球惟一识别符”（GUID）的序 列 ID 号，包含在使用 Office 软件和其它一些应用软件生成的文件中。 多亏了微软 Office 软件中那个 引起争议的序列 ID 号（仅几周前，该序列 ID 号还曾经引起保护个人隐私者的责难，认为它能够被用来追 踪某一确定文件的作者），研究人员找到了“梅利莎”病毒的编写者。两位软件工程师从“梅利莎”病毒中 提取的信息看起来和“美国在线”的一个账号及一个网站有关，这些资料也许可以使执法人员找出“梅利 莎”病毒的编写者。 这个被追查出来的网站属于一个电脑黑客。这个黑客是好几种病毒工具的编写者， 拥有众多个化名，包括 Vi－codinESSkyRoket，johnHolmes 等，其中，SkyRoket 是其在“美国在线”上使 用的用户名，也正是那个最先把含有“梅利莎”病毒的电子邮件张贴在 aft．sex 新闻组的人。 SkyRoket 这个用户名的控制者有较长的张贴病毒史，至少有 3 个张贴于 1997 年晚些时候的病毒采用了同样的方式。 从 dora 文件“全球惟一识别符”中提取的“媒体访问控制”地址，和众多网站上注册人为 VicodinES 和 SkyRoket 所编写文件中的“媒体访问控制”地址极其吻合，这一发现为最终抓获“梅利莎”的创造者也不 例外。 随着调查的深入，调查人员发现，“SkyRoket”不过是一个虚拟的罪犯，这个用户名是病毒制 造者从一个“美国在线”的用户那儿偷来的。于是案情显得更加扑朔迷离。 跟踪这个 15 个月以前被 输的账号，“美国在线”与国家计算机专家根据内部的一项调查发现了使用该账号的方向是在新泽西州，终 于发现了嫌疑犯的电话号码。参与此案的联邦调查员不愿详细解释他们是如何跟踪“梅利莎”找到史密斯 的电话号码的。“无论怎么伪装，通常会留下蛛丝马迹的。 4 月 1 日晚上，美国联邦和州特工人员组 成的突击队将犯罪嫌疑人史密斯逮捕归案，当时他正在伊顿敦附近的史弟家中。随后美国新泽西州举行新 闻发布会宣告了这一消息。 今年 3O 岁的史密斯曾在 AT＆T 的一家转包合同公司当网络程序员。史密 斯是在阿伯丁的住所炮制电子邮件病毒的，并以佛罗里达的一位脱衣女的名字将病毒命名为“梅利莎”（也 有人称是用比尔·盖茨的妻子的名字命名的）。调查人员搜查了史密斯的家，但是并未透露查出何物，警察 从史密斯家中查封了一些厚纸板箱和公文包。美国国家计算机分析组织负责人说，史密斯盗用了美国在线 的账号在公寓制造并传播“梅利莎”病毒。 虽然史密斯的被捕让人们松了一口气，但“梅利莎”事件
似乎远未结束。在史密斯被捕前，很少有人因制造电脑病毒而被美国调查当局速捕。这次是个例外，美国 联邦调查局对已经造成巨大危害的“梅利莎”病毒事件给予了高度重视。而对史密斯的审判结果也将直接 影响今后关闲乃至全球对电脑犯罪行为的打击 关国家基瑞设施保护中心的负责人Mcha,A.a 表示，根据美园联邦调查局法律规定，任何个人或团体蓄意将这种会吞噬大量网络和计算机资源的病毒利 插出去并造成了破坏，将受到5一10年的监禁处罚，并处25万美元的罚金. 据报道，史密斯将被 格犯有王扰闲家公共通信罪、图革干扰铜家公共诵信里、试图干扰闲家公共通信罪和阴谋这缩计筑机瑕多 罪，如果罪名成立，他有可能被处以最高40年的监禁和想万美元的罚数，目前史密斯被保释，保释金额 为10万美元 ,法庭将于4月5日开庭审现此案 在美国新泽西州举行的新闻发布会上，新泽西地 首席检察官认为彻底消除‘梅利莎”病毒的影响还需要 一个较长的时间，同时指出“梅利莎”极有可自 己蔓延到中国和日本等亚洲国家， 因家信息产业部的赵粮博士表示：由于我国使用因特网的用户较少 到目前为止并没有接受到“梅利莎”向毒危害的报告，信息产业部有关部门也正密切关注若这方面的事态 专家们认为由于“梅利莎”病毒有许多明是的特征，因此是可以识别的。计算机安全专家告诚用户检查自 己的注历表，并不要打开有上述特征的WOd文档。NAI也在自己的网站(ht 布了病毒信息和病毒代码，并公布了其他计算机安全公司病毒软件升级的地址 如果你已经收到了包 括上述信息的邮件，可以根据NI的报告来谨慎处理，以防止其他人感染同样的病毒。微软在其站点上也 公布了相关信息。 计算机安全专家预测，如果用户处理得当，这种病毒不会有更大的危害，但当今的 互联网上，制造病毒手段之高超、传播速度之快已成为许多计算机安全专家越来越关注的问题。组织安全 专家们希胡配置新丁具，保护网络不受入侵包括在其引起大面积侵害之前自动识别并除病】 △Aim of PartA 1.To acquaint learners with something about computer virus and the effective ways to prevent from it o some voabulary on computer vis and some imprtantphrse A Main Idea Structure Analysis Part I The an introduction to the Melisssa virus (Para.1-6) Main idea Part 1 isThe an intoduction to the Melissa virus The author tellsus what this virus is like how it spreads across the internet and damages the infected systems,and also about the heavy losses to users,including government commerce and customers.One example is given in Para.6 to show how the virus attacks and damages the system.And finally,the author tells us that we have no hard estimates of the cumulative monetary damage resulting from the loss of productivity and other disr Part II How to prevent from the Melissia virus (Para.7-8) Main idea Part 2 is a transitional paragraph that links part I with the successive parts.Paragraph 8 lists some necessary precautions to protect our systems from being attacked or infected by viruses. Part III The summary of the text and the lessons we should learn from it(Para.9) Main idea Part 3 is the summary of the whole text.This paragraph briefly emphasizes the threat from malicious viruses and then further points out the lessons we should learn from the Melissa virus. 3.Useful Patterns
似乎远未结束。在史密斯被捕前，很少有人因制造电脑病毒而被美国调查当局逮捕。这次是个例外，美国 联邦调查局对已经造成巨大危害的“梅利莎”病毒事件给予了高度重视。而对史密斯的审判结果也将直接 影响今后美国乃至全球对电脑犯罪行为的打击。 美国国家基础设施保护中心的负责人 Micha。IA．Van。 表示，根据美国联邦调查局法律规定，任何个人或团体蓄意将这种会吞噬大量网络和计算机资源的病毒传 播出去并造成了破坏，将受到 5－10 年的监禁处罚，并处 25 万美元的罚金。 据报道，史密斯将被指 控犯有干扰国家公共通信罪、图谋干扰国家公共通信罪、试图干扰国家公共通信罪和阴谋盗窃计算机服务 罪。如果罪名成立，他有可能被处以最高 40 年的监禁和 48 万美元的罚款。目前史密斯被保释，保释金额 为 10 万美元。法庭将于 4 月 5 日开庭审理此案。 在美国新泽西州举行的新闻发布会上，新泽西地区 首席检察官认为彻底消除‘梅利莎”病毒的影响还需要一个较长的时间，他同时指出“梅利莎”极有可能 已蔓延到中国和日本等亚洲国家。 国家信息产业部的赵粮博士表示：由于我国使用因特网的用户较少， 到目前为止并没有接受到“梅利莎”病毒危害的报告，信息产业部有关部门也正密切关注着这方面的事态。 专家们认为由于“梅利莎”病毒有许多明显的特征，因此是可以识别的。计算机安全专家告诫用户检查自 己的注册表，并不要打开有上述特征的 WOrd 文档。NAI 也在自己的网站（http:w。avertlabs．corn）发 布了病毒信息和病毒代码，并公布了其他计算机安全公司病毒软件升级的地址。 如果你已经收到了包 括上述信息的邮件，可以根据 NAI 的报告来谨慎处理，以防止其他人感染同样的病毒。微软在其站点上也 公布了相关信息。 计算机安全专家预测，如果用户处理得当，这种病毒不会有更大的危害，但当今的 互联网上，制造病毒手段之高超、传播速度之快已成为许多计算机安全专家越来越关注的问题。组织安全 专家们希望配置新工具，保护网络不受入侵，包括在其引起大面积侵害之前自动识别并删除病毒。 ∆ Aim of Part A 1. To acquaint learners with something about computer virus and the effective ways to prevent from it. 2. get learners know some vocabulary on computer virus and some important phrases and expressions ∆ Main Idea & Structure Analysis Part I The an introduction to the Melisssa virus (Para. 1-6) Main idea Part 1 is The an introduction to the Melisssa virus. The author tells us what this virus is like, how it spreads across the internet and damages the infected systems, and also about the heavy losses to users, including government, commerce and customers. One example is given in Para. 6 to show how the virus attacks and damages the system. And finally, the author tells us that we have no hard estimates of the cumulative monetary damage resulting from the loss of productivity and other disruptions associated with the virus. Part II How to prevent from the Melissia virus (Para. 7-8) Main idea Part 2 is a transitional paragraph that links part 1 with the successive parts. Paragraph 8 lists some necessary precautions to protect our systems from being attacked or infected by viruses. Part III The summary of the text and the lessons we should learn from it ( Para. 9) Main idea Part 3 is the summary of the whole text. This paragraph briefly emphasizes the threat from malicious viruses and then further points out the lessons we should learn from the Melissa virus. 3. Useful Patterns
