Unit 5 Book 2 NHCE 学院07教改 班 I.Teaching Material SectionA Section B Stop Spoiling Your Children II.Objectives Objectives Statements of Intended Learning Outcomes KI Grasp the main idea and the organization of the text, (To Know) K2 Comprehend involved sentences or/sentence patterns K3 Master the reading skill of understanding figurative language K4 Master the key points and in the te DI Improve reading by understanding figurative language (To Do) D2 Develop critical thinking by discussing how spoiling children is harmful D4 Learn approaches to communication D5 Form the habit of self-reflecting on and independently analyzing anc tacking problems in ELL D6 Develop autonomous learning ability viaon-ine and off-line study In terms of learning itself.For example: (To Be) BI Develop Ss'interests in the common problem of spoiling children in china and foreign countries. B2 Enable Ss to enjoy their accomplishments in team work,ncourage them conduct a survey about the problem of spoiling children in the community Or In terms of developing morals,values and ethics depends on the topic concerned. BI Be more concerned with social issues such as the education of children.the relationship between parents and children,and the problems with the younger generation,etc. B2 Enhance Ss'social-consciousness and social responsibility B3 Cultivate students'sense of independence and freedom from their own parents'spoiling. ⅢKey points 1.Key words spoil overnight assign lavatory barely enerous somewhat accommodation variable loosen Sour limited contradiction conversely submit prompt definite
Unit 5 Book 2 NHCE _学院 _07_教改 _班 I. Teaching Material Section A Section B Stop Spoiling Your Children II. Objectives Objectives Statements of Intended Learning Outcomes （To Know） K1 Grasp the main idea and the organization of the text; K2 Comprehend involved sentences or /sentence patterns K3 Master the reading skill of understanding figurative language K4 Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text （To Do） D1 Improve reading by understanding figurative language. D2 Develop critical thinking by discussing how spoiling children is harmful. D4 Learn approaches to communication D5 Form the habit of self-reflecting on and independently analyzing and tacking problems in ELL D6 Develop autonomous learning ability via on-line and off-line study （To Be） In terms of learning itself. For example: B1 Develop Ss’ interests in the common problem of spoiling children in china and foreign countries. B2 Enable Ss to enjoy their accomplishments in team work; encourage them to conduct a survey about the problem of spoiling children in the community. Or In terms of developing morals, values and ethics depends on the topic concerned. B1 Be more concerned with social issues such as the education of children, the relationship between parents and children, and the problems with the younger generation, etc. B2 Enhance Ss’social-consciousness and social responsibility B3 Cultivate students’ sense of independence and freedom from their own parents’ spoiling. III Key points 1. Key words spoil overnight assign lavatory barely generous somewhat accommodation variable loosen sour sensitive limited contradiction conversely submit prompt definite manner
bound gradual 2.Phrases pack with make a point take.for granted hold down along with stand up to on demand turn over a new leaf 3.Key patterns 4.Hard points 1)Interpretation of involved sentences, 2)Development of Ss'communicative skills, 3)Organization of and Ss'involvement in learning activities VI Timeallotment 1 period 2-3 periods 4 period periods Preparation Detailed study of Section A Consolidation&development Section B&assessment Part V Teaching Process Step 1 Preparation This step aims at leading students into the new unit and checking their previewing of the test Through of matching anfinish their warm-upactivitie 1.Preview checking 1)Dictation spoil overnight assign lavatory barely generous gradual somewhat accommodation variable loosen sour sensitive limited submit prompt definite bound 2)Fill in the following blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary. nag spoil fluctuate somewhat overnight undermine accommodation compensate infer submit contradiction assign 1.You can't march in a straight line to the victory:you to it. 2.Of course being unable to sleep began to my daily life 3 There seems to be a between his words and actions 4 The news writer was to cover international news. 5.The reaction of the workers was different from what we had expected 6.From her letter I that she was very unhappy. 7.Many firms their workers fthey are hurt at work. ucan't expect tolearn a foreign language well 9.He_ his son by giving him too much money 10.The of our desires to a smaller income took some time 11.Some children complain that their parents -at them. 12.He was losing the fight but he would not Keys:1.fluctuate 2.undermine 3.contradiction 4.assigned
bound gradual 2. Phrases pack with make a point take.for granted hold down along with stand up to on demand turn over a new leaf 3. Key patterns 4. Hard points 1) Interpretation of involved sentences; 2) Development of Ss’ communicative skills, 3) Organization of and Ss’ involvement in learning activities , VI Time allotment 1 s1 period 2-3 periods 4 th period 5 th &6th periods Preparation Detailed study of Section A Consolidation & development Section B & assessment Part V Teaching Process Step 1 Preparation This step aims at leading students into the new unit and checking their previewing of the test. Through some exercises of matching words, listening, students can finish their warm-up activities. 1. Preview checking 1) Dictation spoil overnight assign lavatory barely generous gradual somewhat accommodation variable loosen sour sensitive limited contradiction conversely submit prompt definite bound 2) Fill in the following blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. nag spoil fluctuate somewhat overnight undermine accommodation compensate infer submit contradiction assign 1. You can’t march in a straight line to the victory; you _to it. 2. Of course being unable to sleep began to _my daily life. 3. There seems to be a _between his words and actions. 4. The news writer was _to cover international news. 5. The reaction of the workers was _different from what we had expected. 6. From her letter I _that she was very unhappy. 7. Many firms _their workers f they are hurt at work. 8. You can’t expect to learn a foreign language well _. 9. He _his son by giving him too much money. 10. The _of our desires to a smaller income took some time. 11. Some children complain that their parents _-at them. 12. He was losing the fight but he would not _. Keys: 1. fluctuate 2. undermine 3. contradiction 4. assigned
5.somewhat 6.inferred 7.compensate 8.overnight 9.spoiled 11.nag 12.submit 2. Listening practice 1)Listen a short passage and choose the best answer Directions:Here you will be listening to one passage which is followed by 5 questions.After you hear a question,therell be a b k of 10 seconds for you to choose the be st a wer n the four choices given ①.A.In ancient times B.Hundreds of years ago C.Last century D.Recently 2 A Understanding of the earth's structure B.Further knowledge of the earth's surface C.The structure of the plates ③.A.They are regular. B.They are irregula C.They are round. D.They are square. 4A.When two plates are moving apart. B.When two plates are moving towards each other. C.When two plates are moving past each with force D.When two plates are moving up and down ⑤A.In the oceans B.In mountain areas C.Where the ocean and land meet. D Where KEYS:DBBCD 2)You are going to hear 5 sentences.Each will be read three times.Write down the sentences according to the dictation. Keys:My father died from "the poor man's friend",pneumonia,one hard winter when his lung illnesses had left him low. Smoking form of se-battering that sit by occasionally joke or complain,and helplessly watch. 3I think the tendency to give children too many toys and clothes is quite common in american families Spoiling a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their children> reasonable demands. children with fewer toys. 3 Leading-in discussion 1)What do you think the reasons why so many parents spoil their children? Path ofthinking: Parents want to give their only children the best With the high divorce rate,many single parents want to do more for their children to compensate for them. Sm r:In most of the families,there is the only child.Therefore,parents want to
5. somewhat 6. inferred 7. compensate 8. overnight 9. spoiled 10 accommodation 11. nag 12. submit 2. Listening practice 1) Listen a short passage and choose the best answer. Directions:Here you will be listening to one passage which is followed by 5 questions. After you hear a question, there'll be a break of 10 seconds for you to choose the best answer from the four choices given. ①. A. In ancient times. B. Hundreds of years ago. C. Last century D. Recently ②. A. Understanding of the earth’s structure. B. Further knowledge of the earth's surface. C. The structure of the plates. D. The conditions of the oceans and land. ③. A. They are regular. B. They are irregular. C. They are round. D. They are square. ④ A. When two plates are moving apart. B. When two plates are moving towards each other. C. When two plates are moving past each other with force. D. When two plates are moving up and down. ⑤ A. In the oceans. B. In mountain areas. C. Where the ocean and land meet. D. Where faults are. KEYS: D B B C D 2) You are going to hear 5 sentences. Each will be read three times. Write down the sentences according to the dictation. Keys: ①. My father died from “the poor man’s friend”, pneumonia, one hard winter when his lung illnesses had left him low. ②.Smoking is a form of self-battering that also batters those who must sit by, occasionally joke or complain, and helplessly watch. ③ I think the tendency to give children too many toys and clothes is quite common in American families. ④.Spoiling a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their children’s unreasonable demands. ⑤ Also, spoiled children are not as challenged to be more creative in their play as children with fewer toys. 3. Leading-in discussion 1) What do you think the reasons why so many parents spoil their children? Path of thinking: ❖ Parents want to give their only children the best. ❖ With the high divorce rate, many single parents want to do more for their children to compensate for them. ❖ Summary: In most of the families, there is the only child. Therefore, parents want to
do all they can to satisfy their children.For some parents,they didn't lead a happy and life when they were they believe their children better than themselves Many parents are busy with their work so that they don' have enough time to be with their children.Maybe buying toys endlessly is a good way to make up for them.They don't know they are spoiling their children subconsciously.With the high divorce rate in the society.more and more single-parent families appear Those single parents have great symp athy for their children. On the other hand,many disabled children are spoiled because of th sympathy from their parents,too. 2)What are the bad effects of spoiling children? Path ofthinking. Make children unable to do something Make children not respect other Make children not good at communicating with others Make children not popular with others. 3)What are the right attitudes to educating children? ath of thinking Open question Step 2 Detailed study of Section B This step aims at Skimming,Scanning Skipping and Practicing the key words other after-eadngactivities etc Answer the following questions related to the text What does the writer find while traveling for various speaking appointments? Reference Words: packed with beharmful,take their parents y for granted Sample Answers While traveling for various speaking appointments,I frequently stay overnight in the home of a family and am assigned to one of the children's bedrooms.In it,I often find so many toys that there's almost no roomeven for my small lavatory or toile kit And the clo s that I can ba in my jacket.I think in far too their parents'generosity for granted,but also the effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children. Why do parents give their children too much.or give them things they can'tafford? Reference Words: Out of sense of guilt,be afraid to say no to their children,parents used to pine for but didn t get,unable to stand up to their children's unreasonable demands Sample Answers One fairly common reason is that parents spoil their children out of a sense of guilt Parents who both hold down full-time jobs may feel guilty about the amount of time they
do all they can to satisfy their children. For some parents, they didn’t lead a happy and prosperous life when they were young, so they believe their children should live better than themselves. Many parents are busy with their work so that they don’t have enough time to be with their children. Maybe buying toys endlessly is a good way to make up for them. They don’t know they are spoiling their children subconsciously. With the high divorce rate in the society, more and more single-parent families appear. Those single parents have great sympathy for their children. On the other hand, many disabled children are spoiled because of the sympathy from their parents, too. 2) What are the bad effects of spoiling children? Path of thinking: ❖ Make children unable to do something. ❖ Make children not respect others. ❖ Make children not good at communicating with others. ❖ Make children not popular with others. ❖ . 3) What are the right attitudes to educating children? Path of thinking: ❖ Open question Step 2 Detailed study of Section B This step aims at Skimming, Scanning & Skipping and Practicing the key words /phases/patterns, etc. & engage in other after-reading activities etc. 1. Text understanding Answer the following questions related to the text ① What does the writer find while traveling for various speaking appointments? Reference Words: ➢ many toys, be packed with clothes, be harmful to children, take their parents’ generosity for granted Sample Answers ❖ While traveling for various speaking appointments, I frequently stay overnight in the home of a family and am assigned to one of the children's bedrooms. In it, I often find so many toys that there’s almost no room– even for my small lavatory or toilet kit. And the closet is usually so tightly packed with clothes that I can barely squeeze in my jacket. I think in far too many families not only do children come to take their parents’ generosity for granted, but also the effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children. ② Why do parents give their children too much, or give them things they can’t afford? Reference Words: ➢ Out of sense of guilt, be afraid to say no to their children, parents used to pine for but didn’t get, unable to stand up to their children’s unreasonable demands. Sample Answers ❖ One fairly common reason is that parents spoil their children out of a sense of guilt. Parents who both hold down full-time jobs may feel guilty about the amount of time they
spend away from their children.Other parents provide too much because they want their children to have everything they had while growing upalong with those things they pined for bu didn't get Sp ling a child as happens when parents are unable to stand up to their children's unreasonable demands. Why does the writer protest against spoiling children? Reference words: parental guil,become greedy,selfish,ugrateful and insensitive to undermine their respect for their parents fewer opportunity to learn the valueo money Sample Answers Spoiling children with material things does little to reduce parental guilt,nor does it make children feel more loved Instead.the effects of providing too much can be harmful. tosom greedy.ungrateful and insensitive to the of athers omins with ther e Whet chilrenrev much,it undermines their respect for their parents.In fact,the children begin to sense that a parent's unlimited generosity is not right.The contradiction as a result may be that these children.converselv.will push further.unconsciously.hoping that if they push too hard. they will foree their Also,spoiled childre children with fewer toys.They have fewer opportunities to learn the value of money,and have less experience in learning to deal with delay in satisfaction,when every requested object is given on demand. What's the real purpose for the writer to write the article? nple Ans The writer's intention is to help those parents who have already sensed that they might be spoiling their children but don't know how to stop. In your point of view,how to stop spoiling children? Open question 2.Structure Analysis 1).What is the text mainly about? After the analysis of the reasons and consequences of spoiling one's children, the author offered some advice on how to improve the situation. 2)How is the text organized? Part I(Para1-3) Introduce the topic:too many children are spoiled by their parents' generositv. Part II (Para 4-6):Analyze the reasons for this phenomenon Part Il (Para 7-8)Some consequences of being spoiled Part IV (Para 9-11): Tips for parents:How to stop spoiling their children 3)Language points spoil.v.1)harm the character of (esp.a child)by lack of strictness or too much generosity, attention,praise,etc.(尤指对孩子)溺爱，宠坏 【例句】
spend away from their children. Other parents provide too much because they want their children to have everything they had while growing up, along with those things they pined for but didn’t get. Spoiling a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their children’s unreasonable demands. ③ Why does the writer protest against spoiling children? Reference Words: ➢ do little to reduce parental guilt, become greedy, selfish, ungrateful and insensitive to, undermine their respect for their parents, fewer opportunity to learn the value of money Sample Answers ❖ Spoiling children with material things does little to reduce parental guilt, nor does it make children feel more loved . Instead, the effects of providing too much can be harmful. Children may, to some degree, become greedy, selfish, ungrateful and insensitive to the needs and feelings of others, beginning with their parents. When children are given too much, it undermines their respect for their parents. In fact, the children begin to sense that a parent’s unlimited generosity is not right. The contradiction as a result may be that these children, conversely, will push further, unconsciously, hoping that if they push too hard, they will force their parents into setting limitations. ❖ Also, spoiled children are not as challenged to be more creative in their play as children with fewer toys. They have fewer opportunities to learn the value of money, and have less experience in learning to deal with delay in satisfaction, when every requested object is given on demand. ④ What’s the real purpose for the writer to write the article? Sample Answers The writer’s intention is to help those parents who have already sensed that they might be spoiling their children but don’t know how to stop. ⑤ In your point of view, how to stop spoiling children? Open question 2. Structure Analysis 1). What is the text mainly about? ❖ After the analysis of the reasons and consequences of spoiling one’s children, the author offered some advice on how to improve the situation. 2) How is the text organized? Part I (Para.1-3): Introduce the topic: too many children are spoiled by their parents’ generosity. Part II (Para.4-6): Analyze the reasons for this phenomenon Part III (Para.7-8): Some consequences of being spoiled. Part IV (Para.9-11): Tips for parents: How to stop spoiling their children. 3) Language points spoil. v. 1) harm the character of (esp. a child) by lack of strictness or too much generosity, attention, praise, etc. （尤指对孩子) 溺爱，宠坏 【例句】
-The little girl is terribly spoiled.her parents give her everything she asks for. 那个小女孩被宠坏了：她要什么，父母就给她什么。 2)destroy the value,quality or pleasure of;ruin 使无用，损坏，破坏 【例句】 The bad news has spoiled my day 这条坏消息使我一整天没有过好， ((of food,.ee)become bad r beused,.eaten,ctc.(食品等变坏，变质 【例句】 The cake will spoil if you don'tkeep it in the fridge. 如果你不把蛋糕放进冰箱，它就会变质。 【搭配】Spare the rod and spoil the child. 省了棍子，坏了孩子。（谚）孩子不打不成器 overnight- a.&adI)during or for the night一夜（间），过夜 【例句】 留一晚 You can stay over t if you want【 如果你愿意的话可以住一晚。 2)sudden((y)or very quick(ly)突然，非常快地 【例句】 。Lis fri 名素食着使他的朋友感到吃 ed at his decision to become a vegetariar 他突然决定要成为 He became ill overnight and had to see the doctor. 他突然间病倒了，只好去看医生。 【搭配】happen/appear/change overnight 突然发生改变/出现 stay ove overnight success 一夜成名 assign1)send to a particular place,.name sb for a task or position.派，指派 【例句】 They've assigned their best man to the job. 他们选派了最得力的人去担负这项工作。 I've been assigned to interview the children 我被指派去对孩子们进行面试。 2)give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be used分配，分派 【例句】 The two larg clas ms have been assigned to us. 那两间大教室分配给了我们。 3)name or fix(a time,.place,.reason,ctc.for sth)指定或选定（时间、地点、理由） 【例句】 Shall we assign Thursday for our weekly meetings?
– The little girl is terribly spoiled; her parents give her everything she asks for. 那个小女孩被宠坏了；她要什么，父母就给她什么。 2) destroy the value, quality or pleasure of; ruin 使无用，损坏，破坏 【例句】 – The bad news has spoiled my day. 这条坏消息使我一整天没有过好。 3) (of food, etc) become bad or unfit to be used, eaten, etc.（食品等) 变坏，变质 【例句】 – The cake will spoil if you don’t keep it in the fridge. 如果你不把蛋糕放进冰箱，它就会变质。 【搭配】Spare the rod and spoil the child. 省了棍子，坏了孩子。（谚）孩子不打不成器。 overnight-1 a.& ad. 1)during or for the night 一夜（间)，过夜 【例句】 – We’re making an overnight stop in Paris on our way to London. 在去伦敦途中，我们将在巴黎停留一晚。 – You can stay overnight if you want to. 如果你愿意的话可以住一晚。 2) sudden(ly) or very quick(ly) 突然，非常快地 【例句】 – His friend was surprised at his overnight decision to become a vegetarian. 他突然决定要成为一名素食者，使他的朋友感到吃惊。 – He became ill overnight and had to see the doctor. 他突然间病倒了，只好去看医生。 【搭配】happen/appear/change overnight 突然发生/改变/出现 stay overnight 过夜 overnight success 一夜成名 assign v. 1) send to a particular place; name sb for a task or position. 派，指派 【例句】 – They’ve assigned their best man to the job. 他们选派了最得力的人去担负这项工作。 – I’ve been assigned to interview the children. 我被指派去对孩子们进行面试。 2) give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be used 分配，分派 【例句】 – The two large classrooms have been assigned to us. 那两间大教室分配给了我们。 3) name or fix (a time, place, reason, etc. for sth) 指定或选定（时间、地点、理由) 【例句】 – Shall we assign Thursday for our weekly meetings?
把星期四定为我们的周会日好吗？ 【搭配】assign sb sth 给某人分配. They assignec me a sm roor assign sb to sth 指派某人到： assign sb to do sth 指派某人做.assign.as 指定.为 barely ad.only just仅仅，几乎没有，几乎不 【例句】 she wa 她年迈了，几乎 【记忆】bare a赤裸的，无遮蔽的，空的 bareness.赤棵，贫乏 【搭配】barely able to do:几乎不能 barely audible/ 几乎听不到/觉察不到看不见 barely置于句首时，句子用倒装结构： Barely had he finished his coffee when Henry returned. Tendeney n.1)[C]way a person or thing is likely to be or behave趋向，领向 【例句】 He has a tendency to spcak loud 他一向喜欢大声嚷嚷。 2)[C]direction for sthto happen趋势 【例句】 eto show an upward tendency 物价呈现继续上升的趋势。 【搭配】 there is a tendency(for somebody)to do sth 某人有做.的领向 a tendency to/toward sth向.的趋势/倾向 somewhat ad to some extent or degree有几分，在某种程度上 【例句】 I was somewhat surprised to see him. 见到他我有点吃惊。 Accommodationm.l)[C]convenient arrangement,the settling of a disagreement和解，调解 【例句】 If labor and management don't reach an accommodation there will be a strike. 如果劳资双方不能达成妥协，就会发生罢工。 2)[pl.1room(s)and board膳宿 【例句】 The society for the meeting. 协会为参加会议的人提供食宿。 Compensate v give(sb)sth good to lessen the bad effect of damage,loss.etc补偿，賠偿
把星期四定为我们的周会日好吗？ 【搭配】assign sb sth 给某人分配······ They assigned me a small room. assign sb to sth 指派某人到······ assign sb to do sth 指派某人做······ assign. as 指定······为 barely ad. only just 仅仅，几乎没有，几乎不 【例句】 – She was very old and barely able to walk。 她年迈了，几乎无法行走。 【记忆】bare a. 赤裸的, 无遮蔽的, 空的 bareness n. 赤裸, 贫乏 【搭配】barely able to do: 几乎不能 barely audible/perceptible/visible 几乎听不到/觉察不到/看不见 barely 置于句首时，句子用倒装结构： ❖ Barely had he finished his coffee when Henry returned. ❖ Tendency n. 1) [C] way a person or thing is likely to be or behave 趋向，倾向 【例句】 – He has a tendency to speak loud. 他一向喜欢大声嚷嚷。 2) [C] direction for sth to happen 趋势 【例句】 – Prices continue to show an upward tendency. 物价呈现继续上升的趋势。 【搭配】 there is a tendency (for somebody)to do sth 某人有做······的倾向 a tendency to/ toward sth 向······的趋势/倾向 somewhat ad. to some extent or degree 有几分，在某种程度上 【例句】 – I was somewhat surprised to see him. 见到他我有点吃惊。 Accommodation n.1) [C] convenient arrangement; the settling of a disagreement 和解，调解 【例句】 – If labor and management don't reach an accommodation there will be a strike. 如果劳资双方不能达成妥协，就会发生罢工。 2) [pl.] room(s) and board 膳宿 【例句】 – The society provides accommodations for the meeting. 协会为参加会议的人提供食宿。 Compensate v. give (sb) sth good to lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, etc 补偿，赔偿
【例句】 tesfor her lack of experience 【搭配】compensate(sb)forsth弥补/补偿 Infer reach an opinion from facts,conclude sth(由事实)推知，推断 【例句】 We motive from an effect 我们可以从结果推知动机。 I infered from your remarks that you think I am a liar. 从你的话中我推断出你认为我总是说谎。 记亿】inferencen.推断，推论 【搭配】infersth from sth从.推断出 【辨析】deduce和imfe 二者均为“推断”，即经思考得出结论。 mr表示推断，但并不表示其推断过程或结论有充足理 由。例如： We inf erred it from his words 我们由他的话而获此 deduce意为有充分江正据或一股准则经确切推断而获得结论。 例如： John's mother deduced from his loss of appetite what had happened to the cookies. 约翰的母亲因他没有食欲而推断出那些饼干到哪里去了。 Sour v.1).make or become unpleasant or difficult 使变坏，使恶化 【例句】 Many friendshins hay ed over bot money 许多人之间的友谊都是因为金钱的借还而恶化的。 2).cause sth to have a sharp taste like that of vinegar(使)变酸，（使）变馊 【例句】The hot weather sowred the milk The milk sours in hot weather 炎热的天气使牛奶变酸了 a.1).having a sharp taste like that of vineg 酸的，傻的 【例句】The fruit was too sour to eat. 这水果太酸了，几乎不能吃。 2).,bad-tempered乖张的：坏腺气的 【例句】Hc man who never had a good word for anybody 他是个性情怪僻的老人，对任何人都不满， 【搭配】sourgrapes酸葡萄（由于得不到某物而贬低它） sour expression/look 烦燥的表情 the sweet and sour of life人生的苦乐
【例句】 – Her intelligence compensates for her lack of experience. 她的聪明才智弥补了经验不足。 【搭配】compensate (sb) for sth 弥补/补偿 Infer v. reach an opinion from facts; conclude sth (由 事实) 推知，推断 【例句】 – We could infer a motive from an effect. 我们可以从结果推知动机。 – I inferred from your remarks that you think I am a liar. 从你的话中我推断出你认为我总是说谎。 记忆】inference n. 推断，推论 【搭配】infer sth from sth 从······推断出 【辨析】deduce 和 infer 二者均为“推断”，即经思考得出结论。 infer 表示推断，但并不表示其推断过程或结论有充足理 由。例如： ❖ We inferred it from his words. 我们由他的话而获此结论。 deduce 意为有充分证据或一般准则经确切推断而获得结论。 例如： ❖ John’s mother deduced from his loss of appetite what had happened to the cookies. 约翰的母亲因他没有食欲而推断出那些饼干到哪里去了。 Sour v. 1). make or become unpleasant or difficult 使变坏，使恶化 【例句】 Many friendships have soured over borrowed money. 许多人之间的友谊都是因为金钱的借还而恶化的。 2). cause sth to have a sharp taste like that of vinegar （使）变酸，（使）变馊 【例句】 The hot weather soured the milk. The milk sours in hot weather. 炎热的天气使牛奶变酸了。 a. 1). having a sharp taste like that of vinegar 酸的，馊的 【例句】 The fruit was too sour to eat. 这水果太酸了，几乎不能吃。 2). unfriendly; bad-tempered 乖张的；坏脾气的 【例句】 He was a sour old man who never had a good word for anybody. 他是个性情怪僻的老人，对任何人都不满。 【搭配】 sour grapes 酸葡萄（由于得不到某物而贬低它） sour expression/look 烦燥的表情 the sweet and sour of life 人生的苦乐
sensitive v.1)having or showing sympathy or understanding感觉敏锐的，同情理解的 【例句】 We are tothe needs and expectations of our 我们理解顾客的需要和期望。 2)affected greatly or easily by sth(对.-)敏感 【例句】 eople's tecth are highly tocold. 有些人的牙齿对冷非常敏 3)easily offended易于被冒犯的，情绪容易波动的 【例句】 She was very sensitive to criticism. 她对批评很敏感。 【记忆】 itivity.敏感，灵敏度 ，灵敏性 nsensitivea对.不敏感的，感觉迟钝的 【辨析】sensible 有判断力的，明智的： sensitive则表示“敏感的”。 Limitation n.)[C]a condition or fact that limits 【例句】 Aren' there any ions on earning 对收入有没有任何限制？ 2)U]limiting,being limited限制 【例句】They are resisting any limitation of their powers 他们在抵制对他们权力的任何限制。 【搭配】limitation to 对.的限制 limitation to the king's power put/impose limitations on对.加以限制 【辨析】imi表示界限；边界，（最大最小的）极限， 限度：而 limitation则有“局限，不足”之意。 Submit ) give sth tosbso that it may be considered,.decided on,etc.呈送，递交 【例句】 You must submit your application before January Ist. 你必须在1月1日之前提交申请书。 2) ugg建议，主张 【例句】 I submit that the plan will not work without some major changes 我主张这项计划必须做较大改动后才能付之实施。 .accept the control:give in屈服于，服从，被，控制 【例句】She decided to submit to the new rules. 她决定接受新的规则。 【记亿】submissive a. 顺从的，服从的 submissionm.投降，屈服；提交，提出 【搭配】submit(onesel)tosb/sth 听从/服从屈从于某人某物
sensitive v. 1) having or showing sympathy or understanding 感觉敏锐的，同情理解的 【例句】 – We are sensitive to the needs and expectations of our customers. 我们理解顾客的需要和期望。 2) affected greatly or easily by sth （对.) 敏感 【例句】 – Some people’s teeth are highly sensitive to cold. 有些人的牙齿对冷非常敏感。 3) easily offended 易于被冒犯的，情绪容易波动的 【例句】 – She was very sensitive to criticism. 她对批评很敏感。 【记忆】 sensitivity n. 敏感，灵敏(度)，灵敏性 insensitive a. 对······不敏感的，感觉迟钝的 【辨析】sensible 有判断力的，明智的； sensitive 则表示“敏感的”。 Limitation n.1) [C] a condition or fact that limits 限制 【例句】Aren’t there any limitations on earnings? 对收入有没有任何限制？ 2) [U] limiting; being limited 限制 【例句】They are resisting any limitation of their powers. 他们在抵制对他们权力的任何限制。 【搭配】limitation to 对······的限制 limitation to the king‘s power put/impose limitations on 对······加以限制 【辨析】limit 表示界限；边界，（最大最小的) 极限， 限度；而 limitation 则有“局限，不足”之意。 Submit v. 1) give sth to sb so that it may be considered, decided on, etc. 呈送，递交 【例句】 – You must submit your application before January 1st. 你必须在 1 月 1 日之前提交申请书。 2) suggest 建议，主张 【例句】 – I submit that the plan will not work without some major changes. 我主张这项计划必须做较大改动后才能付之实施。 vi. accept the control; give in 屈服于，服从，被······控制 【例句】She decided to submit to the new rules. 她决定接受新的规则。 【记忆】submissive a. 顺从的，服从的 submission n. 投降，屈服；提交，提出 【搭配】submit (oneself) to sb/sth 听从/服从/屈从于某人/某物
submit sb to sth使某人忍受某事 submit sth to sb/sth 将某物是递给某人 Phrases and expressions: Pack with6 Ior crowd sth.(with sbisth)塞进，挤进 【例句】 -The bus was crowds during rush hours 上下班高峰 期 ,公共汽车上挤满了人。 【练习】她的箱子里塞满了给孩子买的礼物。 Her suitcase was packed with presents for her children. 【扩展】 pack sthisb into把某物/某人塞进，放入 make alone's point state a point,.make one'sopinions or feelings known提出i论点 【例句】All right,.you've made your point一now keep quiet and let the others say what they think.好吧，你们已经表明了看法一现在请保持安静，让其他人谈谈他们的看法。 【练习】你发言中有个新颖的观点。You made an original point in your speech. Hold down keep(ajob)for some time保住（工作 【例句】He could never holddowna job for long他每份工作都干不长。 【练习】他在城里拥有一份相当好的工作。He hold体down quite a good job in the city. 【扩展】hold back降嘴，退缩；阻止，抑制 hold out 维持，支持伸出 0dp举起：阻挡，使停止：芒 holdon继续，握住不放 Attempt to do sth. y to do sth尝试，试做，企图 【例句】 She attempted to go on with her work,but she couldn't. 她试图继续工作，但地做不到。 【练习】这位母亲试图说服这个孩子改变主意，但是没有成功。 The mother otalk the boy into changing his mind but didn'tsucceed. 【扩展】 “尝试做某事”也可以说：make an attempt to dosth Stand up to 1)meet or face bravely:be against without fear 勇敢地面对 【例句】 Why don'tyou stand up toyour boss when you nowyou are right 你明知道自己是对的，为什么不敢当面对老板说呢 2)not be changed or damaged by经受得起 【例句】 Will the lorries stand up to the journey over rough roads?
submit sb to sth 使某人忍受某事 submit sth to sb/sth 将某物呈递给某人 Phrases and expressions: Pack with fill or crowd sth. (with sb\sth) 塞进，挤进 【例句】 – The bus was packed with crowds during rush hours. 上下班高峰期间，公共汽车上挤满了人。 【练习】她的箱子里塞满了给孩子买的礼物。 – Her suitcase was packed with presents for her children. 【扩展】 pack sth\sb into 把某物/某人塞进，放入 make a /one’s point state a point, make one’s opinions or feelings known 提出论点 【例句】All right, you’ve made your point — now keep quiet and let the others say what they think. 好吧，你们已经表明了看法—现在请保持安静，让其他人谈谈他们的看法。 【练习】你发言中有个新颖的观点。You made an original point in your speech. Hold down keep (a job) for some time 保住（工作) 【例句】He could never hold down a job for long. 他每份工作都干不长。 【练习】他在城里拥有一份相当好的工作。He holds down quite a good job in the city. 【扩展】hold back 踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制 hold out 维持，支持；伸出 hold up 举起；阻挡，使停止；拦截 hold on 继续，握住不放 Attempt to do sth. try to do sth 尝试，试做，企图 【例句】 – She attempted to go on with her work, but she couldn’t. 她试图继续工作，但她做不到。 【练习】这位母亲试图说服这个孩子改变主意，但是没有成功。 – The mother attempted to talk the boy into changing his mind but didn’t succeed. 【扩展】 “尝试做某事”也可以说：make an attempt to do sth Stand up to 1)meet or face bravely; be against without fear 勇敢地面对 【例句】 – Why don't you stand up to your boss when you know you are right! 你明知道自己是对的，为什么不敢当面对老板说呢？ 2) not be changed or damaged by 经受得起 【例句】 – Will the lorries stand up to the journey over rough roads?