Product SpecificationsChapter 6
Product Specifications Chapter 6
Product Design and DevelopmentIntroduction2.DevelopmentProcessesandOrganizations3.OpportunityIdentification4.Product Planning5.IdentifyingCustomerNeeds6.ProductSpecifications7.ConceptGeneration8.ConceptSelection9.Concept Testing10.ProductArchitecture11.Industrial Design12.DesignforEnvironment13.DesignforManufacturing14.Prototyping
Product Design and Development 1. Introduction 2. Development Processes and Organizations 3. Opportunity Identification 4. Product Planning 5. Identifying Customer Needs 6. Product Specifications 7. Concept Generation 8. Concept Selection 9. Concept Testing 10. Product Architecture 11. Industrial Design 12. Design for Environment 13. Design for Manufacturing 14. Prototyping
Product Development ProcessConceptDetailProductionSystem-LevelTestingandPlanningDevelopmentDesignDesignRefinementRamp-Up
Planning Product Development Process Concept Development System-Level Design Detail Design Testing and Refinement Production Ramp-Up
Specification: A metric and a valueTranslation of need expressed inlanguage of customers to a measurableattribute
Specification • A metric and a value • Translation of need expressed in language of customers to a measurable attribute
Why set specifications?: Provides concrete goals that are bothmeaningful technically and will result incustomer satisfaction.Allows the team to "keep score.'Forces resolution of trade-offs. Settingspecifications is really the first set ofhard decisions the team has to make
Why set specifications? • Provides concrete goals that are both meaningful technically and will result in customer satisfaction. • Allows the team to "keep score." • Forces resolution of trade-offs. Setting specifications is really the first set of hard decisions the team has to make
Concept Development ProcessMissionDevelopmentEstablishGenerateSelectSetIdentifyTestPlanStatementPlanFinalCustomerTargetProductProductProductDownstreamNeedsConceptsConcept(s)SpecificationsConcept(s)SpecificationsDevelopmentPerform EconomicAnalysisBenchmark CompetitiveProductsBuild and Test Models and PrototypesFinalSpecsTarget SpecsBasedoncustomerneedsBasedonselectedand benchmarkingconcept,feasibilitymodels.testing.andtrade-offs
Concept Development Process Perform Economic Analysis Benchmark Competitive Products Build and Test Models and Prototypes Identify Customer Needs Establish Target Specifications Generate Product Concepts Select Product Concept(s) Set Final Specifications Plan Downstream Development Mission Statement Test Product Concept(s) Development Plan Target Specs Based on customer needs and benchmarking Final Specs Based on selected concept, feasibility, models, testing, and tradeoffs
The Product Specs ProcessSet Target Specifications- Based on customer needs and benchmarks- Describe What the product has to do, not how- Develop metrics for each need- Set ideal and marginally-acceptable valuesRefine Specifications- Based on selected concept and feasibility testing- Technical and cost modeling- Trade-offs are criticalReflect on the Results and the Process- Critical for ongoing improvement
The Product Specs Process • Set Target Specifications – Based on customer needs and benchmarks – Describe What the product has to do, not how – Develop metrics for each need – Set ideal and marginally-acceptable values • Refine Specifications – Based on selected concept and feasibility testing – Technical and cost modeling – Trade-offs are critical • Reflect on the Results and the Process – Critical for ongoing improvement
Product Specifications Example:MountainBikeSuspensionFork
Product Specifications Example: Mountain Bike Suspension Fork
Start with the Customer Needs#NEEDmp13Thesuspensionreducesvibrationtothehands22Thesuspensionallows easytraversalof slow,difficultterrain35Thesuspensionenableshighspeeddescentsonbumpytrails134Thesuspensionallowssensitivityadiustment54Thesuspensionpreservesthesteeringcharacteristicsofthebike46Thesuspensionremains rigidduringhard cornering47Thesuspensionislightweight28Thesuspensionprovidesstiffmountingpointsforthebrakes59Thesuspensionfitsawidevarietyofbikes,wheels,andtires110Thesuspensioniseasytoinstall111Thesuspensionworkswithfenders512Thesuspensioninstillspride513Thesuspensionisaffordableforanamateurenthusiast514Thesuspensionisnotcontaminatedbywater515Thesuspensionisnotcontaminatedbyqrunge316Thesuspensioncanbeeasilyaccessedformaintenance117Thesuspensionallowseasyreplacementofwornparts318Thesuspensioncanbemaintainedwithreadilyavailabletools519Thesuspension lasts a long time.520Thesuspensionissafeinacrash
Start with the Customer Needs # NEED Imp ST Tritrack Maniray 2 Rox Tahx Quadra Rox Tahx Ti 21 Tonka Pro Gunhill Head Shox 1 The suspension reduces vibration to the hands. 3 • 晻 晻 晻 晻 晻? 晻 晻? 2 The suspension allows easy traversal of slow, difficult terrain. 2 晻 晻 晻 晻? 晻 晻?晻? 晻 晻? 3 The suspension enables high speed descents on bumpy trails. 5 • 晻 晻? 晻 晻 晻? 晻 晻? 4 The suspension allows sensitivity adjustment. 3 • 晻 晻 晻 晻 晻? 晻 晻? 5 The suspension preserves the steering characteristics of the bike. 4 晻 晻 晻 • 晻 晻? 晻 晻? 6 The suspension remains rigid during hard cornering. 4 • 晻? • 晻 晻? • 晻 晻? 7 The suspension is lightw eight. 4 • 晻? • 晻? 晻 晻 晻 晻? 8 The suspension provides stiff mounting points for the brakes. 2 • 晻 晻 晻? 晻? 晻 晻 晻? 9 The suspension fits a wide variety of bikes, w heels, and tires. 5 晻 晻 晻 晻?晻? 晻 晻?晻? • 10 The suspension is easy to install. 1 晻 晻 晻 晻?晻 晻 晻 晻晻 晻? • 11 The suspension works w ith fenders. 1 晻? • • • • 晻 晻? 12 The suspension instills pride. 5 • 晻 晻 晻? 晻 晻?晻? 晻 晻? 13 The suspension is affordable for an amateur enthusiast. 5 晻 晻? • 晻? • 晻? 晻 14 The suspension is not contaminated by water. 5 • 晻? 晻 晻 晻 晻 晻 晻 晻? 15 The suspension is not contaminated by grunge. 5 • 晻? • 晻 晻 晻 晻 晻? 16 The suspension can be easily accessed for maintenance. 3 晻 晻 晻 晻?晻 晻 晻 晻晻 晻? • 17 The suspension allows easy replacement of w orn parts. 1 晻 晻 晻 晻?晻 晻 晻 晻晻 晻? • 18 The suspension can be maintained w ith readily available tools. 3 晻 晻?晻 晻?晻 晻?晻 晻? 晻 • 19 The suspension lasts a long time. 5 晻 晻?晻 晻?晻 晻?晻? 晻 晻? • 20 The suspension is safe in a crash. 5 晻 晻?晻 晻?晻 晻?晻 晻?晻 晻?晻 晻?
Establish Metrics and Units#aaUnitsMetricImp13.3dBAttenuationfromdropouttohandlebarat1Ohz23N62Spring.pre-load35MaximumvaluefromtheMonsterg4543Minimumdescenttimeontesttracks53N-s/m41Dampingcoefficientadjustmentrange63AMaximumtravel(26inwheelmm375Rakeoffsetmm836 LateralstiffnessatthetipkN/m94kgTotalmass1028LateralstiffnessatbrakepivotskN/m511in9Headsetsizes1259Steertubelengthmm1359/Wheelsizeslist514in9Maximumtirewidth15110Timetoassembletoframes161list11Fendercompatibility517subj12Instillspride185US$13Unitmanufacturingcost51914sTimeinspraychamberwlowaterentry20515Cvclesinmudchamberwlocontaminationk-cycles32116.17STimetodisassemble/assembleformaintenance3list22/17.18Specialtoolsrequiredformaintenance22519UVtestdurationtodegraderubberpartshours519Monstercyclestofailurecycles25520JapanIndustrialStandardstestbinary265MN20 Bendingstrength(frontal loading）
Metric # Need #s Metric Imp Units 1 1,3 Attenuation from dropout to handlebar at 10hz 3 d B 2 2,6 Spring pre-load 3 N 3 1,3 Maximum value from the Monster 5 g 4 1,3 Minimum descent time on test track 5 s 5 4 Damping coefficient adjustment range 3 N-s/m 6 5 Maximum travel (26in wheel) 3 m m 7 5 Rake offset 3 m m 8 6 Lateral stiffness at the tip 3 kN/m 9 7 Total mass 4 k g 1 0 8 Lateral stiffness at brake pivots 2 kN/m 1 1 9 Headset sizes 5 i n 1 2 9 Steertube length 5 m m 1 3 9 Wheel sizes 5 list 1 4 9 Maximum tire width 5 i n 1 5 1 0 Time to assemble to frame 1 s 1 6 1 1 Fender compatibility 1 list 1 7 1 2 Instills pride 5 subj 1 8 1 3 Unit manufacturing cost 5 US$ 1 9 1 4 Time in spray chamber w/o water entry 5 s 2 0 1 5 Cycles in mud chamber w/o contamination 5 k-cycles 2 1 16,17 Time to disassemble/assemble for maintenance 3 s 2 2 17,18 Special tools required for maintenance 3 list 2 3 1 9 UV test duration to degrade rubber parts 5 hours 2 4 1 9 Monster cycles to failure 5 cycles 2 5 2 0 Japan Industrial Standards test 5 binary 2 6 2 0 Bending strength (frontal loading) 5 MN Establish Metrics and Units