Chapter Nine market Failure and Government Intervention 第9章市场失灵与政府调控 9市场失灵及其表现
9.1 市场失灵及其表现 Chapter Nine Market Failure and Government Intervention 第9章 市场失灵与政府调控
教学目标 Objectives: 理解市场失灵、外部性、公共产品的含义 掌握公共产品的特征 掌握非排他性和非竞争性的含义 理解政府干预社会收入分配的原因 知识点 Knowledge: 市场失灵、外部性、公共产品、公共产品的特征 非排他性、非竞争性、垄断 技能点S 理解政府干预社会收入分配的原因
教学目标Objectives： ▪ 理解市场失灵、外部性、公共产品的含义 ▪ 掌握公共产品的特征 ▪ 掌握非排他性和非竞争性的含义 ▪ 理解政府干预社会收入分配的原因 知识点Knowledge： 市场失灵、外部性、公共产品、公共产品的特征 非排他性、非竞争性、垄断 技能点Skills： 理解政府干预社会收入分配的原因
专业词汇 Professional terms Market failure Government Intervention Soclal efficiency externalities social cost social benefit Public goods free market Non-excludability Non-rivalr
Market Failure Government Intervention social efficiency externalities social cost social benefit) Public goods free market Non-excludability Non-rivalry 专业词汇Professional terms
、市场失灵的含义 In the real world, markets fail to achieve social efficiency the lack of perfect competition the existence of externalities the fact that markets may take a long time to adjust to any disequilibrium given the often considerable short-run immobility of factors social efficiency is not the only economic goal of society
一、市场失灵的含义 In the real world, markets fail to achieve social efficiency. ◼ the lack of perfect competition ◼ the existence of externalities, ◼ the fact that markets may take a long time to adjust to any disequilibrium given the often considerable short-run immobility of factors. ◼social efficiency is not the only economic goal of society
、市场失灵的含义 有很多事情单纯依靠市场机制并不能得到合理 的解决,这就是所谓的市场失灵问题。 市场失灵主要体现为无法合理解决以下方面的问题: ■外部性 ■公共产品 ■社会收入分配公平性 ■垄断
一、市场失灵的含义 有很多事情单纯依靠市场机制并不能得到合理 的解决，这就是所谓的市场失灵问题。 市场失灵主要体现为无法合理解决以下方面的问题： ◼外部性 ◼公共产品 ◼社会收入分配公平性 ◼垄断
二、外部性 Externalities. Costs or benefits of production or consumption experienced by society but not by the producers or consumers themsel ves. Sometimes referred to as spillover'or third-party'costs or benefits 外部性是一个人的行为对旁观者福利的影响
二、外部性 Externalities. Costs or benefits of production or consumption experienced by society but not by the producers or consumers themselves. Sometimes referred to as ‘spillover’ or ‘third-party’ costs or benefits. 外部性是一个人的行为对旁观者福利的影响
二、外部性 There are four major types of externality External costs of production(MSC> MC) External benefits of production(MSCMB) External benefits of consumption(MSB<MB)
二、外部性 There are four major types of externality ◼External costs of production (MSC > MC) ◼External benefits of production (MSC MB) ◼External benefits of consumption (MSB < MB)
二、外部性 ■按照外部性产生的领域可以分为生产的外部 性和消费的外部性。 ■按照外部性作用的方向都可以分为正外部性 和负外部性
二、外部性 ◼按照外部性产生的领域可以分为生产的外部 性和消费的外部性。 ◼按照外部性作用的方向都可以分为正外部性 和负外部性
、公共产品 ()什么是公共产品 Public goods. a good or service that has the features of non-rivalry and non-excludability and as a result would not be provided by the y te free market 公共产品也称为公共商品、公共物品或公共品 是用于满足社会公共消费需要的物品或劳务
三、公共产品 （一）什么是公共产品 Public goods. A good or service that has the features of non-rivalry and non-excludability and as a result would not be provided by the free market. 公共产品也称为公共商品、公共物品或公共品， 是用于满足社会公共消费需要的物品或劳务
、公共产品 (二)公共产品的特征 ■非排他性Non- excludability ■非竞争性 Non-rivalry 公共产品的消费具有可分割性
三、公共产品 （二）公共产品的特征 ◼非排他性 Non-excludability ◼非竞争性 Non-rivalry ◼公共产品的消费具有可分割性