Chapter Five Producer behavior Analysis 生产者行为分析
生产者行为分析 Chapter Five Producer Behavior Analysis
教学目标O bjectives 掌握生产者行为分析理论硏究的内容 ■理解理性的生产者行为、生产要素的含义 掌握四大生产要素、生产技术系数的含义 ■正确理解边际报酬递减规律 知识点 Knowledge 生产要素生产函数 生产技术系数 边际报酬递减规律 技能点Skil 正确运用边际报酬递减规律分析问题
教学目标Objectives： ▪ 掌握生产者行为分析理论研究的内容 ▪ 理解理性的生产者行为、生产要素的含义 ▪ 掌握四大生产要素、生产技术系数的含义 ▪ 正确理解边际报酬递减规律 知识点Knowledge： 生产要素 生产函数 生产技术系数 边际报酬递减规律 技能点Skills： 正确运用边际报酬递减规律分析问题
专业词汇 Professional terms Producer Behavior maximize profit Production Factors production Function benefits and costs optimum Rational producer behavior Labor Traditional theory of the firm Land and raw materials Capital Fixed factor Variable factor Short run Long run The law of diminishing marginal returns
Producer Behavior maximize profit Production Factors production Function benefits and costs optimum Rational producer behavior Labor Traditional theory of the firm Land and raw materials Capital Fixed factor Variable factor Short run Long run The law of diminishing marginal returns 专业词汇Professional terms
We now need to go behind the supply curve and find out just how the rational producer will behave In this case, we shall be looking at the benefits and costs to the firm of producing various quantity of goods and using various alternative methods of production. We shall be askin g o How much will be produced? o What combination of inputs will be used? o How much profit will be made?
We now need to go behind the supply curve and find out just how the rational producer will behave. In this case, we shall be looking at the benefits and costs to the firm of producing various quantity of goods and using various alternative methods of production. We shall be asking: l How much will be produced? l What combination of inputs will be used? l How much profit will be made?
Definition Rational producer behavior When a firm weighs up the costs and benefits of alternative courses of action and then seeks to maximize its net profit Traditional theory of the firm The analysis of pricing and output decisions of the firm under various market conditions. assuming that the firm wishes to maximize rofit Alternative theories of the firm Theories of the firm based on the assumption that firms have aims other than profit maximization
Definition Rational producer behavior When a firm weighs up the costs and benefits of alternative courses of action and then seeks to maximize its net profit. Traditional theory of the firm The analysis of pricing and output decisions of the firm under various market conditions, assuming that the firm wishes to maximize profit. Alternative theories of the firm Theories of the firm based on the assumption that firms have aims other than profit maximization
5.1 Production Factors and production Function生产要素与生产函数 Key ldea Output depends on the amount of resources and how they are used. Different amounts and combinations of inputs will lead to different amounts of outputs. If output is to be produced efficiently, then inputs should be combined in the optimum proportions
5.1 Production Factors and production Function 生产要素与生产函数 Key Idea Output depends on the amount of resources and how they are used. Different amounts and combinations of inputs will lead to different amounts of outputs. If output is to be produced efficiently, then inputs should be combined in the optimum proportions
Definition Production The transformation of inputs into outputs by firms in order to earn profit(or meet some other objective) Factors of production(or resources) The inputs into the production of goods and services: labor, land and raw materials, and capital Labor all forms of human input both physical and mental, into current production Land and raw materials Inputs into production that are provided by nature: e.g. unimproved land and mineral deposits in the ground
Definition Production The transformation of inputs into outputs by firms in order to earn profit (or meet some other objective). Factors of production (or resources) The inputs into the production of goods and services: labor, land and raw materials, and capital. Labor All forms of human input, both physical and mental, into current production. Land and raw materials Inputs into production that are provided by nature: e.g. unimproved land and mineral deposits in the ground
Definition Capital All inputs into production that have themselves been produced: e.g. factories, machines and tools Fixed factor An input that cannot be increased in supply within a given time period Variable factor An input that can be increased in supply within a given time period Short run The period off time over which at least one factor is fixed Long run The period of time long enough for all factors to be varied
Definition Capital All inputs into production that have themselves been produced: e.g. factories, machines and tools. Fixed factor An input that cannot be increased in supply within a given time period. Variable factor An input that can be increased in supply within a given time period. Short run The period off time over which at least one factor is fixed. Long run The period of time long enough for all factors to be varied
、生产要素的含义及其种类 生产要素是指厂商在生产中所使用的各种生产资源, 是从事生产经营活动的必备条件 劳动是指劳动力所提供的服务,可以分为脑力劳动与 体力劳动。 土地是指生产中所使用的各种自然资源 资本是指生产中所使用的资金,它有两种形态:无形 的人力资本与有形的物质资本。 企业家才能是指企业家对整个生产过程的组织与管理 工作的能力。利用企业家才能可以把劳动、土地、资 本组织起来,使之成为产品或劳务性服务,并通过商 品交换提供给社会为企业创造财富或利润
一、生产要素的含义及其种类 生产要素是指厂商在生产中所使用的各种生产资源， 是从事生产经营活动的必备条件。 劳动是指劳动力所提供的服务，可以分为脑力劳动与 体力劳动。 土地是指生产中所使用的各种自然资源。 资本是指生产中所使用的资金，它有两种形态：无形 的人力资本与有形的物质资本。 企业家才能是指企业家对整个生产过程的组织与管理 工作的能力。利用企业家才能可以把劳动、土地、资 本组织起来，使之成为产品或劳务性服务，并通过商 品交换提供给社会为企业创造财富或利润
生产函数 Production function The mathematical relationship between the output of a goods and the inputs used to produce it. It shows how output will be affected by changes in the quantity of one or more of the inputs 生产函数是表明在一定技术水平条件下,生产 要素的数量与某种组合和它所能生产出来的最 大产量之间依存关系的函数。 O=f(l,k,n,e)
二、生产函数 Production function ： The mathematical relationship between the output of a goods and the inputs used to produce it. It shows how output will be affected by changes in the quantity of one or more of the inputs. 生产函数是表明在一定技术水平条件下，生产 要素的数量与某种组合和它所能生产出来的最 大产量之间依存关系的函数。 Q = f (L,K, N,E)