3.2 Equilibrium Price and Supply and Demand equation 均衡价格与供求定理
3.2 Equilibrium Price and Supply and Demand Equation 均衡价格与供求定理
教学目标 Objectives ■了解市场出清、均衡、均衡价格的含义 ■理解均衡价格的形成 掌握需求、供给变动对均衡价格的影响 学会运用供求定理分析日常经济现象 知识点 Knowledge ■市场出清、均衡、均衡价格 均衡价格的形成 供求定理 技能点Ski: 学会运用供求定理分析日常经济现象
教学目标Objectives: ▪ 了解市场出清、均衡、均衡价格的含义 ▪ 理解均衡价格的形成 ▪ 掌握需求、供给变动对均衡价格的影响 ▪ 学会运用供求定理分析日常经济现象 知识点Knowledge: ▪ 市场出清、均衡、均衡价格 ▪ 均衡价格的形成 ▪ 供求定理 技能点Skills: ▪ 学会运用供求定理分析日常经济现象
专业词汇 Professional terms Supply and Demand Equation M Market clearing Shortage surplus demander supplier operation
Supply and Demand Equation Market clearing shortage surplus demander supplier operation 专业词汇Professional terms
、均衡价格的形成 Market clearing A market clears when supply matches demand, leaving no shortage or surplus. Equilibrium A position of balance. a position from which there is no inherent tendency to move away. Equilibrium price The price where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied: the price where there is no shortage or surplus
Market clearing A market clears when supply matches demand, leaving no shortage or surplus. Equilibrium A position of balance. A position from which there is no inherent tendency to move away. Equilibrium price The price where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied: the price where there is no shortage or surplus. 一、均衡价格的形成
、均衡价格的形成 Equilibrium is the point where conflicting interests are balanced. Only at this point is the amount that demanders are willing to purchase the same as the amount that suppliers are willing to supply. It is a point that will be automatically reached in a free market through the operation of the price mechanism 均衡价格:一种商品需求与供给相等时的价格
Equilibrium is the point where conflicting interests are balanced. Only at this point is the amount that demanders are willing to purchase the same as the amount that suppliers are willing to supply. It is a point that will be automatically reached in a free market through the operation of the price mechanism. 均衡价格:一种商品需求与供给相等时的价格 一、均衡价格的形成
、均衡价格的形成 刘衡价格的理解: ■均衡是指经济中各种对立的变动着的力量处于一种 相对静止的状态 决定均衡的力量是需求和供给双方 市场上各种均衡价格是市场竞争的最后结果
对均衡价格的理解: ▪ 均衡是指经济中各种对立的变动着的力量处于一种 相对静止的状态 ▪ 决定均衡的力量是需求和供给双方 ▪ 市场上各种均衡价格是市场竞争的最后结果 一、均衡价格的形成
、均衡价格的形成 均衡价格的图形表示 P D 2600 2400 E PE 2200 2000 1800 100012001400160018002000Q 图3-1均衡价格和均衡数量
均衡价格的图形表示 一、均衡价格的形成 QE PE E · · · · · 0 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Q 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 P D S 图3-1 均衡价格和均衡数量
、均衡价格的形成 模型分析 市场上有三个消费者,他们的需求函数分别为 D4=30-3PDB=40-4PDC=50-3P 则市场需求函数为:CD=D4+DB+Dc=120-10P 市场上有三个商品生产者,他们的供给函数分别为 SA=-5+15PS B=-4+14PSc=-11+13P 则市场供给函数为:Q=S4+SB+SCc=-20+60P 令:Qb=Q 均衡价格P=2;均衡数量Q=100
模型分析 市场上有三个消费者,他们的需求函数分别为 一、均衡价格的形成 DA = 30−3P DB = 40−4P DC = 50−3P 则市场需求函数为: QD = DA + DB + DC =120 −10P 市场上有三个商品生产者,他们的供给函数分别为: SA = −5+15P SB = −4+14P SC = −11+13P 则市场供给函数为: QS = SA + SB + SC = −20 + 60P 令: QD = QS 均衡价格P0=2;均衡数量Q0 =100
二、市场均衡价格的变动 The equilibrium price will remain unchanged only so long as the demand and supply curves remain unchanged. If either of the curves shifts, a new equilibrium will be formed
二、市场均衡价格的变动 The equilibrium price will remain unchanged only so long as the demand and supply curves remain unchanged. If either of the curves shifts, a new equilibrium will be formed
二、市场均衡价格的变动 (-)需求变动对均衡的影响 D P 需求增加将会引起均衡价格 的上升和均衡数量的增加 需求减少将会引起均衡价格 3 的下降和均衡数量的减少 50100150Q 图3-3需求变动效应
二、市场均衡价格的变动 (一)需求变动对均衡的影响 Eo E2 E1 0 50 100 150 Q P 5 4 3 图3-3 需求变动效应 D1 Do D2 So ▪需求增加将会引起均衡价格 的上升和均衡数量的增加 ▪需求减少将会引起均衡价格 的下降和均衡数量的减少