8.4 Principles and policy of Distribution of National income 社会收入分配的原则和政策
社会收入分配的原则和政策 8.4 Principles and Policy of Distribution of National Income
教学目标 Objectives: 了解公平与效率的含义 「理解公平与效率的关系 掌握洛伦斯曲线与基尼系数的含义 ˉ掌握社会收入分配的标准和政策 知识点 Knowledge 公平、效率、洛伦斯曲线、基尼系数 社会收入分配标准、社会收入分配政策 技能点S 理解公平与效率的关系 运用社会收入分配的标准和政策分析现实问题
教学目标Objectives： ▪ 了解公平与效率的含义 ▪ 理解公平与效率的关系 ▪ 掌握洛伦斯曲线与基尼系数的含义 ▪ 掌握社会收入分配的标准和政策 知识点Knowledge： 公平、效率、洛伦斯曲线、基尼系数 社会收入分配标准、社会收入分配政策 技能点Skills： 理解公平与效率的关系 运用社会收入分配的标准和政策分析现实问题
专业词汇 Professional terms Distribution of national income efficiency equity productive efficiency Efficiency in consumption specialIzation allocative efficiency national income contribution necessit
Distribution of National Income efficiency equity Productive efficiency Efficiency in consumption specialization allocative efficiency national income contribution necessity 专业词汇Professional terms
、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 Microeconomics is concerns with the allocation of scarce resources: with the answering of the what, how and for whom questions. But how satisfactorily will these questions be answered? Clearly this depends on society s objectives. There are two major objectives that we can identify efficiency and equity
一、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 Microeconomics is concerns with the allocation of scarce resources: with the answering of the what, how and for whom questions. But how satisfactorily will these questions be answered? Clearly this depends on society’s objectives. There are two major objectives that we can identify: efficiency and equity
、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 (一)公平与效率的关系 Efficiency If, by altering what was produced or how it was produced. we could be made better off for at least some of us could without anyone losing), then it would be efficient to do so TEconomic efficiency a situation where each good is produced at the minimum cost and where individual people and firms get the maximum benefit from their resources
一、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 （一）公平与效率的关系 ▪Efficiency If, by altering what was produced or how it was produced, we could be made better off (or at least some of us could without anyone losing), then it would be efficient to do so. ▪Economic efficiency A situation where each good is produced at the minimum cost and where individual people and firms get the maximum benefit from their resources
、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 (一)公平与效率的关系 For a society to achieve full economic efficiency, three conditions must be met Productive efficiency Efficiency in consumption efficiency in specialization and exchange
一、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 （一）公平与效率的关系 For a society to achieve full economic efficiency, three conditions must be met: ▪Productive efficiency ▪Efficiency in consumption ▪Efficiency in specialization and exchange
、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 (-)公平与效率的关系 Equity. This is where income is distributed in a way that is considered to be fair or just note that an equitable distribution is not the same as an equal distribution and that different people have different views on what is equitable
一、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 （一）公平与效率的关系 Equity. This is where income is distributed in a way that is considered to be fair or just. Note that an equitable distribution is not the same as an equal distribution and that different people have different views on what is equitable
、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 (一)公平与效率的关系 ■公平是指社会成员收入的均等化,也就是社 会收入的平均分配 ■效率是指资源的有效配置 ■公平与效率之间存在着不可避免的替代关系, 即两者之间存在着此消彼长的关系,是一对永 恒的矛盾
一、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 （一）公平与效率的关系 ◼公平是指社会成员收入的均等化，也就是社 会收入的平均分配。 ◼效率是指资源的有效配置。 ◼公平与效率之间存在着不可避免的替代关系， 即两者之间存在着此消彼长的关系，是一对永 恒的矛盾
、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 (二)公平与效率关系的处理方式 ■效率优先的方式 Efficiency first ■公平优先的方式 Equity first
一、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 （二）公平与效率关系的处理方式 ◼效率优先的方式 Efficiency first ◼公平优先的方式 Equity first
、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 (三)公平和效率兼顾的分配原则 ■在实际经济生活中,既不能只讲公平,搞收 入分配的绝对平均主义;也不能只讲效率,完 全按照市场机制要求解决收入分配问题 应使两个经济目标协调起来 ■效率优先,兼顾公平
一、公平与效率兼顾的分配原则 （三）公平和效率兼顾的分配原则 ◼在实际经济生活中，既不能只讲公平，搞收 入分配的绝对平均主义；也不能只讲效率，完 全按照市场机制要求解决收入分配问题。 ◼应使两个经济目标协调起来 ◼效率优先，兼顾公平