7.2 The Equilibrium of the Firm under Perfect Competition 完全竞争市场上的厂商均衡
完全竞争市场上的厂商均衡 7.2 The Equilibrium of the Firm under Perfect Competition
教学目标 Objectives: ■了解完全竞争的市场条件 ■掌握完全竞争市场的需求曲线和收益曲线 ■掌握完全竞争市场的短期均衡条件 掌握完全竞争市场的长期均衡条件 知识点 Knowledge 完全竞争的市场条件、完全竞争市场的需求曲线和收益曲线 完全竞争市场的短期均衡和长期均衡条件 技能点Skis: 绘制完全竞争市场均衡图
教学目标Objectives： ▪ 了解完全竞争的市场条件 ▪ 掌握完全竞争市场的需求曲线和收益曲线 ▪ 掌握完全竞争市场的短期均衡条件 ▪ 掌握完全竞争市场的长期均衡条件 知识点Knowledge： 完全竞争的市场条件、完全竞争市场的需求曲线和收益曲线 完全竞争市场的短期均衡和长期均衡条件 技能点Skills： 绘制完全竞争市场均衡图
专业词汇 Professional terms price taker advertising market opportunities Ideal type advantages shortcomings government Normal profit Supernormal profit least-cost economic profit abnormal profit homogeneous product economies of scale industry
price taker advertising market opportunities ideal type advantages shortcomings government Normal profit Supernormal profit least-cost economic profit abnormal profit homogeneous product economies of scale industry 专业词汇Professional terms
、完全竞争的含义与条件 Assumptions ● Firms are price taker o There is complete freedom of entry into the industry for new firms o All firms produce an identical product. The product is homogeneous, so there is no branding and advertising Producers and consumers have perfect knowledge of the market. That is, producers are fully aware of prices, costs and market opportunities. Consumers are fully aware of the price, quantity and availabi ility of the product
一、完全竞争的含义与条件 Assumptions l Firms are price taker. l There is complete freedom of entry into the industry for new firms. l All firms produce an identical product. The product is homogeneous, so there is no branding and advertising. l Producers and consumers have perfect knowledge of the market. That is, producers are fully aware of prices, costs and market opportunities. Consumers are fully aware of the price, quantity and availability of the product
Nevertheless, despite the lack of real-world cases the model of perfect competition plays a very Important role in economic analysis and policy. Its major relevance is as an ideal type,. Many on the political right argue that perfect competition brings a number of important advantages The model can thus be used as a standard against which to judge the shortcomings of real world industries. It can help government to formulate policies towards industry
Nevertheless, despite the lack of real-world cases, the model of perfect competition plays a very important role in economic analysis and policy. Its major relevance is as an ‘ideal type’. Many on the political right argue that perfect competition brings a number of important advantages. The model can thus be used as a standard against which to judge the shortcomings of real world industries. It can help government to formulate policies towards industry
、完全竞争的含义与条件 实现完全竞争的条件包括: 第一,市场上有许多生产者与消费者,每一个生产者的 销售量与消费者的购买量只占市场极小的份额。 第二,市场上的产品是同质的,即不存在产品差别。 第三,资源完全自由流动。 第四,市场信息是畅通的
一、完全竞争的含义与条件 实现完全竞争的条件包括： ▪第一，市场上有许多生产者与消费者，每一个生产者的 销售量与消费者的购买量只占市场极小的份额。 ▪第二，市场上的产品是同质的，即不存在产品差别 。 ▪第三，资源完全自由流动。 ▪第四，市场信息是畅通的
、完全竞争的含义与条件 The short run and the long run The short run under perfect competition The period during which there is too little time for new firms to enter the industry o The long run under perfect competition The period of time that is long enough for new firms to enter the industr Normal profit The opportunity cost of being in business: the profit that could have been earned in the next best alternative business. It is counted as a cost of production upernormal profit (also known as pure profit, economic profit, abnormal profit or simply profit The excess of total profit above normal profit
一、完全竞争的含义与条件 The short run and the long run l The short run under perfect competition The period during which there is too little time for new firms to enter the industry. l The long run under perfect competition The period of time that is long enough for new firms to enter the industry. Normal profit The opportunity cost of being in business: the profit that could have been earned in the next best alternative business. It is counted as a cost of production. Supernormal profit (also known as pure profit, economic profit, abnormal profit or simply profit) The excess of total profit above normal profit
二、完全竞争市场上的需求和收益曲线 TR TR 0 IIREAREP TRI O Q1 Q2 Q a 完全竞争市场上的需求曲线与收益曲线
二、完全竞争市场上的需求和收益曲线 0 Q 0 Q 0 Q1 Q2 Q TR 完全竞争市场上的需求曲线与收益曲线 P P P P0 0 D S E d (MR=AR=P) (a) (b) (c) TR2 TR1 TR Q
三、完全竞争市场上的短期均衡 SMC d (MR=AR=P) 完全竞争市场均衡图
三、完全竞争市场上的短期均衡 完全竞争市场均衡图 0 QE Q P E P d（MR=AR=P） E SMC
三、完全竞争市场上的短期均衡 SMC SAC (MR=AR=P) E 0 Q 完全竞争市场厂商盈亏平衡图 厂商获得正常利润( normal profit
三、完全竞争市场上的短期均衡 P E SMC SAC PE d（MR=AR=P） 0 QE Q 完全竞争市场厂商盈亏平衡图 ▪厂商获得正常利润 (normal profit)