8.2 Wage Theories and its Application 工资理论及应用
工资理论及应用 8.2 Wage Theories and its Application
教学目标 Objectives: 了解工资的含义与种类 掌握完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 了解不完全竞争市场上工资的决定 知识点 Knowledge 工资的种类、影响劳动需求的因素、影响劳动供给的 因素、工会对工资的影响、工资的补偿性差别 技能点Si 学会分析工资水平的决定
教学目标Objectives： ▪ 了解工资的含义与种类 ▪ 掌握完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 ▪ 了解不完全竞争市场上工资的决定 知识点Knowledge： 工资的种类、影响劳动需求的因素、影响劳动供给的 因素、工会对工资的影响、工资的补偿性差别 技能点Skills： 学会分析工资水平的决定
专业词汇 Professional terms Wage labor markets Employee wage by the time wage by the piece currency wage physical wage nominal wage real wage Freedom of entry perfect knowledge Homogeneous labor the demand for labor Marginal cost of labor wage rate productivity of labor The supply of labor leisure
Wage labor markets Employee wage by the time wage by the piece currency wage physical wage nominal wage real wage Freedom of entry Perfect knowledge Homogeneous labor the demand for labor Marginal cost of labor wage rate productivity of labor The supply of labor leisure 专业词汇Professional terms
、工资的含义与种类 工资是劳动力所提供劳务的报酬,也是劳动这种生 要素的价格,工资水平是由劳动的需求和供给两种因 素共同决定的。 计时工资( wage by the time)和计件工资( wage by the piece ■货币工资( currency wage和实物工资( physical wage) ■名义工资 nominal wage 和实际工资( real wage)
一、工资的含义与种类 工资是劳动力所提供劳务的报酬，也是劳动这种生产 要素的价格，工资水平是由劳动的需求和供给两种因 素共同决定的。 ◼计时工资(wage by the time)和计件工资(wage by the piece) ◼货币工资(currency wage)和实物工资(physical wage) ◼名义工资(nominal wage)和实际工资(real wage)
二、完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 The assumptions of perfect labor markets are similar to those of perfect goods markets Freedom ofentry Perfect knowledge Homogeneous labor
二、完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 The assumptions of perfect labor markets are: ◼similar to those of perfect goods markets ◼Freedom of entry ◼Perfect knowledge ◼Homogeneouslabor
二、完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 (一)劳动的需求 the demand for labor Marginalproductivity theory. The theory that the demand for a factor depends on its marginal revenue product Marginal cost oflabor cl). This is the extra cost of employing one more worker: normally MCl w(wage) Marginal revenue product oflabor MrPL). The extra revenue that a firm earns from employing one more worker: MRPL= MPPL X MR
二、完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 （一）劳动的需求the demand for labor ▪Marginal productivity theory. The theory that the demand for a factor depends on its marginal revenue product. ▪Marginal cost of labor (MCL). This is the extra cost of employing one more worker: normally MCL = W (wage). ▪Marginal revenue product of labor (MRPL). The extra revenue that a firm earns from employing one more worker: MRPL = MPPL × MR
完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 (一)劳动的需求 the demand for labor There are several determinants of the demand or labor The wage rate, or the price of labor. The productivity of labor. The demand for the good The importance of la bor for the production
二、完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 （一）劳动的需求the demand for labor There are several determinants of the demand for labor: ▪The wage rate, or the price of labor. ▪The productivity of labor. ▪The demand for the good. ▪The importance of labor for the production
完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 (一)劳动的需求 the demand for labor ■在实际经济活动中,对劳动的需求主要取决于劳动 的边际生产力。 ■劳动的边际生产力是指在其他条件不变的情况下, 增加一单位劳动时间所增加的产量。 一劳动的边际生产力是递减的,生产经营者在购买劳 动时要使劳动的边际成本一工资等于劳动的边际产品 劳动的需求曲线是一条向右下方倾斜的曲线,表明 劳动的需求量与工资成反方向变动
二、完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 （一）劳动的需求the demand for labor ◼在实际经济活动中，对劳动的需求主要取决于劳动 的边际生产力。 ◼劳动的边际生产力是指在其他条件不变的情况下， 增加一单位劳动时间所增加的产量。 ◼劳动的边际生产力是递减的，生产经营者在购买劳 动时要使劳动的边际成本－工资等于劳动的边际产品 ◼劳动的需求曲线是一条向右下方倾斜的曲线，表明 劳动的需求量与工资成反方向变动
二、完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 工资(元/小时) 劳动需求量(小时) 2200 34579 2000 1800 1600 1400 12 1200
二、完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 工资（元／小时） 劳动需求量（小时） 3 2200 4 2000 5 1800 7 1600 9 1400 12 1200
二、完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 图8-2某地劳动力市场需求曲线图 15 10 05001000150020002500
二、完全竞争市场上工资水平的决定 图8-2 某地劳动力市场需求曲线图 0 5 10 15 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 L W D