Unit 2 Simulation of Random∨ ariab|es aWords and expressions aText and notes ■ Grammar ■ Exercises rEading material 上海海事大学信息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Unit 2 Simulation of Random Variables ◼Words and expressions ◼Text and notes ◼Grammar ◼Exercises ◼Reading material
Words and expressions ■ Advocate 主张者,赞成者 ■ Alternative adj.另一个可选择的 ■ Argument 自变量 ■ Concentration n.集中,集合,浓缩 ■ Converge 收敛(n. convergence) ■ DefIciency 缺乏,不足 ■ Derivative vnnn 导数 ■Die 骰子 Differentiable adj.可微分的 a Disperse V.(使)分散,(使)散开,疏散 a Facility 设备,工具 上海海事大学信息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Words and expressions ◼ Advocate n. 主张者，赞成者 ◼ Alternative adj. 另一个可选择的 ◼ Argument n. 自变量 ◼ Concentration n. 集中，集合，浓缩 ◼ Converge v. 收敛 (n. convergence) ◼ Deficiency n. 缺乏，不足 ◼ Derivative n. 导数 ◼ Die n. 骰子 ◼ Differentiable adj. 可微分的 ◼ Disperse v. (使)分散，(使)散开，疏散 ◼ Facility n. 设备，工具
Words and expressions Histogram 直方图 ■| nference n.推论 ■ nterpretation 说明,解释 ■ Profi|e nnn 剖面,侧面,外形,轮廓 a Proportion 比例 Pseudo-random adj.伪随机的 ■ Refraction 折射 Stabilize 稳定(n. stabilization) ■ Statistica adj.统计的,统计学的 ■ Stochastic aodj.随机的 ■ Successive aodj.连续的 上海海事大学信息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Words and expressions ◼ Histogram n. 直方图 ◼ Inference n. 推论 ◼ Interpretation n. 说明，解释 ◼ Profile n. 剖面，侧面，外形，轮廓 ◼ Proportion n. 比例 ◼ Pseudo-random adj. 伪随机的 ◼ Refraction n. 折射 ◼ Stabilize v. 稳定 (n. stabilization) ◼ Statistical adj. 统计的，统计学的 ◼ Stochastic adj. 随机的 ◼ Successive adj. 连续的
Words and expressions ■Toss Vn.投,掷 ■ Underlie V.位于.之下,成为..的基础 By means of 依靠 ■ Consist of 由.组成 ■ Give rise to 引起,使发生 ■| n contrast with 和.形成对比[对照 ■| n terms of 根据,按照,用.的话,在.方面 ■ Bernoulli distribution伯努利分布 ■ Binomial distribution二项式分布 Normal distribution正态分布 Poisson distribution泊松分布 Probability density function概率密度函数(abbr.pdf ■ Uniform distribution 均匀分布 上海海事大学信息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Words and expressions ◼ Toss v./n. 投，掷 ◼ Underlie v. 位于…之下，成为…的基础 ◼ By means of 依靠 ◼ Consist of 由…组成 ◼ Give rise to 引起，使发生 ◼ In contrast with 和…形成对比[对照] ◼ In terms of 根据，按照，用…的话，在…方面 ◼ Bernoulli distribution 伯努利分布 ◼ Binomial distribution 二项式分布 ◼ Normal distribution 正态分布 ◼ Poisson distribution 泊松分布 ◼ Probability density function 概率密度函数(abbr. pdf) ◼ Uniform distribution 均匀分布
Text and notes a This article is about random variables it include three parts a Interpretations of probability D Random variables definition discrete random variables: continuous random variables a Random variables for simulation 上海海事大学信息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Text and notes ◼ This article is about random variables. It include three parts: Interpretations of probability Random variables: definition; discrete random variables; continuous random variables Random variables for simulation
Text and notes a This concept of probability is of an objective quantity that applies to each observation and measure(in a relative way) how likely it is to fall into the corresponding class 概率的这种定义是客观的,它应用于每次视测,并以种 相网的方式度量复结归入类别的可能性。 上海海事大学信息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Text and notes ◼ This concept of probability is of an objective quantity that applies to each observation and measure (in a relative way) how likely it is to fall into the corresponding class. ◼ 概率的这种定义是客观的，它应用于每次观测，并以一种 相对的方式度量其结果归入相应类别的可能性
Text and notes t seems that one is forced into a subjective view of the uncertainties, but the probability figures that emerge must obey certain rules in order to be consistent 看来,人们这种不确定性入了自已的主观判傲中,但 是由比产生的概率必须速某些准如以保持一致性 上海海事大学信息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Text and notes ◼ It seems that one is forced into a subjective view of the uncertainties, but the probability figures that emerge must obey certain rules in order to be consistent. ◼ 看来，人们对这种不确定性陷入了自己的主观判断中，但 是由此产生的概率必须遵循某些准则以保持一致性
Text and notes a For engineering students it is most appropriate to keep the first interpretation-that of probability as an idealized proportion -in mind when studying the theory 对于工利学生,学习概率应记,概率就是理性的比例 上海海事大学信息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Text and notes ◼ For engineering students it is most appropriate to keep the first interpretation-that of probability as an idealized proportion-in mind when studying the theory. ◼ 对于工科学生，学习概率时应谨记，概率就是理性的比例
Text and notes a This may seem a hopeless requirement, considering that computer programs are sequences of deterministic instructions running on deterministic hardware 出于计算机程序是在确定的硬件上运行的确定指令,这 似乎是个奢求 上海海事大学信息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Text and notes ◼ This may seem a hopeless requirement, considering that computer programs are sequences of deterministic instructions running on deterministic hardware. ◼ 由于计算机程序是在确定的硬件上运行的确定的指令，这 似乎是个奢求
Text and notes The successive variables {U1,U2…} appear to be uncorrelated. and although there is some structure in the sequence(and indeed the sequences will eventually repeat itself), it is rare for these deficiencies to cause problems in practice 房列{1U2的元素看互不相关,尽管在序列中存在 某当结构(该序列最终的磅重复),但是这并不影实 际应用 上海海事大学信息工程学院
上海海事大学信息工程学院 Text and notes ◼ The successive variables appear to be uncorrelated, and, although there is some structure in the sequence (and indeed the sequences will eventually repeat itself), it is rare for these deficiencies to cause problems in practice. ◼ 序列 中的元素看似互不相关，尽管在序列中存在 某些结构（该序列最终的确重复），但是这并不影响实 际应用。 U U1 2 , , U U1 2 , ,