Ames Lab's DOE Pulse Akka Science and Technology Highlights from the doE National Laboratories Number 141 September 15, 2003 Research Developing inspection methods Tevatron exceeds luminosity for ceramics Highlights goal for the year DOE's Argonne National Laboratory is On August 22 the integrated luminosity collaborating with NASa to develop a at the Tevatron exceeded 225 inverse method of inspecting the leading-edge picobarns--the luminosity goal for the thermal protection system for space entire fiscal year at the DOE's Fermilab shuttle wings. Researchers want to define Peter Garbincius, the Beams Division methods to eliminate or significantly reduce the chance for reoccurrence achievement at the world's highest NASA researchers suspect that the energy particle accelerator, coming impact of a piece of foam insulation more than a month before the finish of broken off during liftoff may have he fiscal year. "Everyone in the Beams damaged one of the ceramic composite Division and the laboratory has worked panels that protect the wings leading very hard to achieve this goal, "he said edge. "NASA invited us to work on this tegrated luminosity is a very short-term effort because we have total particle interactions over a given been funded by DOE for 20 years to time. The greater the luminosity of work on inspection methods for accelerator, the greater its chances for ceramics,said Argonne engineer Bill We have the knowledge base [Mike Perricone, 630-840-5678; for developing inspection methods for mike@fnal. gov] ceramics at high temperatures. [Catherine Foster, 630/252-5580: PNNL supercomputer fastest foster@anl.gov] open system in U.S. DOEs Pacific Northwest National aboratory is now home to the United Smoking zaps enzyme in States'fastest operational unclassified supercomputer. The laboratory's 11.8 peripheral organs teraflops industry-standard HP Integrity Researchers at doe's Brookhaven system came to full operating power in National Laboratory, who previously late August. Based on peak found reduced levels of monoamine performance, the PNNL machine is the DOE Pulse highlights work oxidase B(MAO B)in smokers' brains, fifth fastest system in the world and is being done at the Department now provide compelling evidence from the fastest unclassified computer of Energy's national laborato- whole-body positron emission operating in the U.S. The PNNL system ries. DOEs laboratories house omography(PET)scans that MAO B in is the worlds fastest supercomputer world-class facilities where the kidneys, heart, lungs and spleen is based on the Linux operating system and more than 30 000 scientists also reduced by smoking. The the largest machine ever built using and engineers perform cutting- implications of the findings need to be Intels 64-bit architecture. The additional dge research spanning DOE's examined in greater detail, the scientists power and speed will enable novel science, energy, national say. One role of the enzyme is to break studies in atmospheric chemistry, climate security and environmental down chemical compounds that elevate and subsurface chemistry, systems quality missions. DOE Pulse blood pressure, such as certain biology, catalysis and materials science (ww.ornl. gov/news/pulse) is chemicals in cheese and wine as well as The PNNL supercomputer is housed in a distributed every two weeks some chemicals released by nicotine DOE user facility where scientists from For more information, please Thus, any health consequences of around the country can access the contact Jeff Sherwood duced MAo B may be indirect and supercomputer for research through a (jeff.sherwood@hq. doe. gov, associated with other factors ompetitive proposal process 202-586-5806 [ Karen McNulty Walsh, 631/344-8350 [Staci Maloof, 509/372-6313 mcnulty @bnl. gov] staci. maloof@pnl. gov]
Number 141 September 15, 2003 Research Highlights . . . DOE Pulse highlights work being done at the Department of Energy’s national laboratories. DOE’s laboratories house world-class facilities where more than 30,000 scientists and engineers perform cuttingedge research spanning DOE’s science, energy, national security and environmental quality missions. DOE Pulse (www.ornl.gov/news/pulse/) is distributed every two weeks. For more information, please contact Jeff Sherwood (jeff.sherwood@hq.doe.gov, 202-586-5806). Ames Lab’s Alan Russell Page 2 Developing inspection methods for ceramics DOE’s Argonne National Laboratory is collaborating with NASA to develop a method of inspecting the leading-edge thermal protection system for space shuttle wings. Researchers want to define methods to eliminate or significantly reduce the chance for reoccurrence. NASA researchers suspect that the impact of a piece of foam insulation broken off during liftoff may have damaged one of the ceramic composite panels that protect the wing’s leading edge. “NASA invited us to work on this very short-term effort because we have been funded by DOE for 20 years to work on inspection methods for ceramics,” said Argonne engineer Bill Ellingson. “We have the knowledge base for developing inspection methods for ceramics at high temperatures.” [Catherine Foster, 630/252-5580; cfoster@anl.gov] Tevatron exceeds luminosity goal for the year On August 22 the integrated luminosity at the Tevatron exceeded 225 inverse picobarns—the luminosity goal for the entire fiscal year at the DOE’s Fermilab. Peter Garbincius, the Beams Division deputy head, was pleased with the achievement at the world’s highestenergy particle accelerator, coming more than a month before the finish of the fiscal year. “Everyone in the Beams Division and the laboratory has worked very hard to achieve this goal,” he said. Integrated luminosity is a measure of total particle interactions over a given time. The greater the luminosity of an accelerator, the greater its chances for discovery. [Mike Perricone, 630-840-5678; mikep@fnal.gov] Smoking zaps enzyme in peripheral organs Researchers at DOE’s Brookhaven National Laboratory, who previously found reduced levels of monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) in smokers’ brains, now provide compelling evidence from whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) scans that MAO B in the kidneys, heart, lungs and spleen is also reduced by smoking. The implications of the findings need to be examined in greater detail, the scientists say. One role of the enzyme is to break down chemical compounds that elevate blood pressure, such as certain chemicals in cheese and wine as well as some chemicals released by nicotine. Thus, any health consequences of reduced MAO B may be indirect and associated with other factors. [Karen McNulty Walsh, 631/344-8350; kmcnulty@bnl.gov] PNNL supercomputer fastest open system in U.S. DOE’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is now home to the United States’ fastest operational unclassified supercomputer. The laboratory’s 11.8 teraflops industry-standard HP Integrity system came to full operating power in late August. Based on peak performance, the PNNL machine is the fifth fastest system in the world and is the fastest unclassified computer operating in the U.S. The PNNL system is the world’s fastest supercomputer based on the Linux operating system and is the largest machine ever built using Intel’s 64-bit architecture. The additional power and speed will enable novel studies in atmospheric chemistry, climate and subsurface chemistry, systems biology, catalysis and materials science. The PNNL supercomputer is housed in a DOE user facility where scientists from around the country can access the supercomputer for research through a competitive proposal process. [Staci Maloof, 509/372-6313; staci.maloof@pnl.gov]
efferson lab, three other AMES LABORATORYS MEDAL- international collaborations WINNING METALLURGIST announce evidence of five -quark particle You'll find gold, silver 1 and bronze in Alan Russells or almost 40 years, all subatomic particles have fit neatly Ames Laboratory into two categories: three-quark baryons, like protons and metallurgist is conducting neutrons; or mesons, made up of one quark and one anti- research on precious metals quark. Recently, the Department of Energys Jefferson Lab, in Newport These medallions represent News, Va, revealed strong evidence for a subatomic particle Russells athletic prowess as consisting of five quarks. The new particle, spotted at Jefferson Lab Alan Russell a nationally ranked master's and by three other international collaborations, is a sort of baryon decathlete and pentathlete neson hybrid with five quarks-or, more precisely, four quarks and For a number of years, Russell has been at one anti-quark. Dubbed the pentaquark, it is a member of the baryon or near the top of the USA Track and Field family, but is described as"exotic"because the anti-quark has a National Master 's Outdoor Decathlon different"flavor"from the other quarks Championships, winning the event in 1997 The first 2000, 2001, and last year and placing fourt publicly this summer in the 50-54 age group. The %s What is a ntaquark announced decathlon is comprised of the 100-meter Jefferson Lab in Newport News, physicists fire gamma rays into experimental dash, long jump, shot put, high jump, 400- the nucleus of heavy hydrogen atoms, releasing pentaquarks and meter dash, 110-meter high hurdles, discus, emerged pole vault, javelin throw, and 1500-meter run from the pentaquark with points awarded based on place and heavy hydrogen nucleus particle time/distance/height cleared Electron Oddly enough, Russell turned to the track Photon neutron as an outlet after deciding that his favorite quarks (LEPS) pursuit of mountain climbing was too facility dangerous for the father of three small collaboration I got into climbing when I worked at Los in Osaka Alamos " Russell said, " and climbed all over Japan. This the western hemisphere-Alaska, Baffin Island, as closely Peru and Argentina. "An avalanche during a nucleus followed by climb on Aconcagua in the Argentinian Andes Lari Pawel Jeffernou Lab the DIANA convinced him to hang up the ice axe collaboration After success running the 200m and nucleus of heavy hydrogen atoms, releasing pentaquarks Institute for up to the national level, but found he wasn't 400m in the annual lowa Games he moved Theoretical built to race at that level and Experimental Physics(ITEP)in Moscow, Russia, who re-analyzed " I could make it into the finals but didnt old xenon bubble-chamber data have much hope of winning, "Russell said, ab pr its results at the conference on the so a friend suggested I try the multi-events Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics(CIPANP)held in May in It's daunting to take up pole vaulting and New York City, where jLab collaborators revealed the most statistically discus in your mid-40s, but the lowa State significant result to date. Jefferson Lab made use of the unique CEBAF track athletes have graciously given the old Large Acceptance Spectrometer( CLAS), which can measure exclusive professor some pointers and it's turned out reactions over a large solid angle. The data was taken in August 1999, pretty well during an unrelated experiment The variety of training required is what The most recent experimental evidence for the pentaquark comes keeps him coming back, and helps keep him efreshed in both the laboratory and (ELSA)in Bonn, Germany. Again using older data, taken in 1997 and classroom. "I really value that change of 1998, they measured the reaction in the SaPhir detector at ELSA ce,he said. "I'm just sharper mentally if I Submitted by Jefferson Lab Submitted by DOE's Ames Laboratory
You’ll find gold, silver and bronze in Alan Russell’s office, but not because the Ames Laboratory metallurgist is conducting research on precious metals. These medallions represent Russell’s athletic prowess as a nationally ranked master’s decathlete and pentathlete. For a number of years, Russell has been at or near the top of the USA Track and Field National Master’s Outdoor Decathlon Championships, winning the event in 1997, 2000, 2001, and last year and placing fourth this summer in the 50-54 age group. The decathlon is comprised of the 100-meter dash, long jump, shot put, high jump, 400- meter dash, 110-meter high hurdles, discus, pole vault, javelin throw, and 1500-meter run with points awarded based on place and time/distance/height cleared. Oddly enough, Russell turned to the track as an outlet after deciding that his favorite pursuit of mountain climbing was too dangerous for the father of three small children. “I got into climbing when I worked at Los Alamos,” Russell said, “and climbed all over the western hemisphere–Alaska, Baffin Island, Peru and Argentina.” An avalanche during a climb on Aconcagua in the Argentinian Andes convinced him to hang up the ice axe. After success running the 200m and 400m in the annual Iowa Games, he moved up to the national level, but found he wasn’t built to race at that level. “I could make it into the finals, but didn’t have much hope of winning,” Russell said, “so a friend suggested I try the multi-events. It’s daunting to take up pole vaulting and discus in your mid-40’s, but the Iowa State track athletes have graciously given the old professor some pointers and it’s turned out pretty well.” The variety of training required is what keeps him coming back, and helps keep him refreshed in both the laboratory and classroom. “I really value that change of pace,” he said. “I’m just sharper mentally if I can work out.” Submitted by DOE’s Ames Laboratory Jefferson Lab, three other international collaborations announce evidence of five-quark particle F or almost 40 years, all subatomic particles have fit neatly into two categories: three-quark baryons, like protons and neutrons; or mesons, made up of one quark and one antiquark. Recently, the Department of Energy’s Jefferson Lab, in Newport News, Va., revealed strong evidence for a subatomic particle consisting of five quarks. The new particle, spotted at Jefferson Lab and by three other international collaborations, is a sort of baryonmeson hybrid with five quarks — or, more precisely, four quarks and one anti-quark. Dubbed the pentaquark, it is a member of the baryon family, but is described as “exotic” because the anti-quark has a different “flavor” from the other quarks. The first publicly announced experimental evidence emerged from the Laser Electron Photon (LEPS) facility, SPring-8 collaboration in Osaka, Japan. This was closely followed by the DIANA collaboration from the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) in Moscow, Russia, who re-analyzed old xenon bubble-chamber data. Jefferson Lab presented its results at the Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP) held in May in New York City, where JLab collaborators revealed the most statistically significant result to date. Jefferson Lab made use of the unique CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS), which can measure exclusive reactions over a large solid angle. The data was taken in August 1999, during an unrelated experiment. The most recent experimental evidence for the pentaquark comes from the SAPHIR collaboration at the ELectron Stretcher Accelerator (ELSA) in Bonn, Germany. Again using older data, taken in 1997 and 1998, they measured the reaction in the SAPHIR detector at ELSA. Submitted by Jefferson Lab AMES LABORATORY’S MEDALWINNING METALLURGIST Alan Russell At Jefferson Lab, physicists fire gamma rays into the nucleus of heavy hydrogen atoms, releasing pentaquarks and other subatomic particles
