Functions of the kidney 1.Excretion of nitrogenous waste, urea uric acid 2.Regulation of body fluid compartments homeostasis of arterial blood pressure 3.Production of hormones renin,erythropoietin,Vit D etc 4.Acid-base balance
Functions of the kidney 1. Excretion of nitrogenous waste, urea & uric acid 2. Regulation of body fluid compartments - homeostasis of arterial blood pressure 3. Production of hormones - renin, erythropoietin, Vit D etc 4. Acid-base balance
Acid proton (H+)donor e.g.HCl Base proton acceptor e.g.NaOH
Acid - proton (H +) donor e.g. HCl Base - proton acceptor e.g. NaOH
Consegences of acid-base imbalance Acidosis (pH7.4):hyper-excitability of nerve and muscle -convulsion-tetany
Conseqences of acid-base imbalance Acidosis (pH 7.4) : hyper-excitability of nerve and muscle convulsion tetany
Normal range of acid in the body fluid H+(Eg/L) Normal 3.8×10-7 Range 1.0x10-8-1.0x10-7 Vital limit 1.58x10-8-1.58×10-7
Normal range of acid in the body fluid H+ (Eg/L) Normal 3.8x10-7 Range 1.0x10-8 - 1.0x10-7 Vital limit 1.58x10-8 - 1.58x10-7
pH concept 1 pH=Log----- ---=-L0gH+ H' H+(Eg/L) pH Normal 3.8×10-7 7.4 Range 1.0×10-8-1.0×10-7 7.37-7.43 Vital limit 1.58×10-8-1.58×10-7 6.80-7.80 Extracellular fluid-7.4 Intracellular fluid-6.0-7.4,average 7.0
pH concept 1 pH = Log------------- = - Log H + H+ H+ (Eg/L) pH Normal 3.8x10-7 7.4 Range 1.0x10-8 - 1.0x10-7 7.37 - 7.43 Vital limit 1.58x10-8 - 1.58x10-7 6.80 - 7.80 Extracellular fluid - 7.4 Intracellular fluid - 6.0 - 7.4, average 7.0
Our body is an acid producer 1.Volatile acid H2CO3~10,000mM of H* Tduring exercise and trauma 2.Non-volatile or fixed acid H3PO4-breakdown product of phosphoprotein, phospholipid,phosphoglyceride cysteine H25O4-breakdown product of methionine and cystein 50-100mMH+
Our body is an acid producer 1. Volatile acid H 2CO3 ~ 10,000mM of H + ↑during exercise and trauma 2. Non-volatile or fixed acid H 3PO4 - breakdown product of phosphoprotein, phospholipid, phosphoglyceride & cysteine H 2SO4 - breakdown product of methionine and cystein e 50 - 100 mM H +
Excessive acid is produced in some pathological situations e.g.diabetes mellitus
Excessive acid is produced in some pathological situations e.g. diabetes mellitus
pH7.4 alkalosis
pH 7.4 - alkalosis
Responses to acid-base disturbance 1.Buffer 2.Respiratory 3.Renal
Responses to acid-base disturbance 1. Buffer 2. Respiratory 3. Renal
Renal defense 1.Secretion of H+and reabsorption of HCO3 2.Production of NH4' 3.HPO12-/HPO buffer
Renal defense 1. Secretion of H + and reabsorption of HCO 3 - 2. Production of NH 4 + 3. HPO 4 2- / HPO 4 - buffer