大学物理(热学) 1)Review 2) Absolute Temperature 3)Conclusions 2006-1228 2021/9/5
2021/9/5 1 大学物理(热学) 1) Review 2) Absolute Temperature 3) Conclusions 2006-12-28
Second law Natural processes tend to moy toward a state of greater disorder:>c
“Natural processes tend to move toward a state of greater disorder. ” Second Law
Ca) (b) (c) FIGURE 20-13 Have you ever observed this process, a broken cup spontaneously reassembling and rising up to a table"?
等几率假定 Possible microstates Number of Macrostat (H=heads, T=tails) microstates 4 headS HHHH 3 heads, 1 tail HHHT, HHTH. HTHH. THHH 2 heads, 2 tails HHTT, HTHT, THHT, HTTH, THTH TTHH 6 1 head, 3 tails TTTH, TTHT THTT. HTTT 4 tails TTTT
等几率假定
AB星E20一1 Probabilities oF arious macrostates for 100c。 In tosses acros重ate 「 umber of microstates 夏eads 10 1O2 Lo 1.7×1O1 3 20 5.4×1O 20 40 1.4×1O28 45 ⊥O SO s0 45 55 6.1×1O28 40 60 1.41×1O28 SO 5.4×1O20 9o 1o13 工O 王Oo
热力学温标 1-f(2,61) 其中92 f(02, 01)
Q1 Q2 V P 热力学温标 1 1 ( 2, 1) 1 2 1 1 2 f Q Q Q Q Q = − = − − ( 2, 1) 1 2 f Q Q 其中 =
加进一个O Q Q f(61,62) QI Q Qo Q2 If 0-0 f(,61)=1 (60,2) f(O1260)y(On) f(62,60) →f(1,62) f(62b0)((2)
加进一个 θ 0 θ 1 θ 0 θ 2 ( ) ( ) 1 0 0 2 20 01 1 2 21 , , QQ QQ ( , ) QQ = f = = f f If θ f (1 , 1 ) = 1 1= θ2 , ( , ) 1 ( , ) 2 0 0 2 f f = ( ) ( ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , ) 21 2 0 1 0 1 2 = = ff f OO Q 1 Q 2 Q 0 Q 0