dissociation and reconstitution studies Abundant knoblike protruding structures were observed on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane by EM (Racker in 1960). The inside-out submitochondrial particles with the knobs\ are capable of both electron transferring and ATP synthesis

Oxygen(O) Sulfur() Selenium(Se) Tellurium(Te) Polonium(Po) 也称为成矿元素(ore--forming elements), because many metal ores are oxides and sulfides Electron configuration: ns2npt

Microelectronics Processing technology Fall Term 2003 Instructions for the microfluidics Lab report Your lab report should follow the format of the IEEE Electron Device Letters. The format from the IC and mEMs Lab reports will be used Contents: Your Letter should include the following sections y-line(Author, affiliation, and submission date)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3.155J/6.152J Microelectronics Processing technology Fall term 2003 Instructions for the IC lab report Your lab report should follow the format of the IEEE Electron Device Letters. Contents: Your Letter should include the following sections

扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,简称SEM)是继透射电镜(TEM )之后发展起来的一种电子显微镜 扫描电子显微镜的成像原理和光学显微镜或 透射电子显微镜不同,它是以电子束作为照 明源,把聚焦得很细的电子束以光栅状扫描 方式照射到试样上,产生各种与试样性质有 关的信息,然后加以收集和处理从而获得微 观形貌放大像

一、原子半径(Atomic Radi)、电离势(Ionization Energy)、电子亲和能 (Electron Affinity)和电负性(Electronegativity)的周期性变化 (见第七章)

3.1 电子轰击源（Electron impact ionization,EI） 3.2 化学电离源（Chemical ionization source, CI） 3.3 场致和场解吸电离源（FI & FD) 3.4 快原子轰击源( Fast atom bombardment, FAB)和液体二次离子质谱 （Liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry, LSIMS） 3.5大气压电离（Atmospheric pressure ionization, API） 3.6 基质辅助激光解吸电离（Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization, MALDI) 3.7 无机质谱电离源 3.8 二次离子质谱(Second ion mass spectrometry, SIMS)

That streams of electrons possess the properties of beams of waves was dis- covered early in 1927 in a large industrial laboratory in the midst of a great city, and in a small university laboratory overlooking a cold and desolate sea. The coincidence seems the more striking when one remembers that facil- ities for making this discovery had been in constant use in laboratories throughout the world for more than a quarter of a century. And yet the coincidence was not, in fact, in any way remarkable. Discoveries in physics are made when the time for making them is ripe, and not before; the stage is set, the time is ripe, and the event occurs-more often than not at widely separated places at almost the same moment

扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,sM可以研究 高分子多相体系的微观相分离结构,聚合物树脂粉料的颗粒形 态,泡沫聚合物的孔径与微孔分布,填充剂和增强材料在聚合 物基体中的分布情况与结合状况,高分子材料的表面、界面和 断口,粘合剂的粘结效果及聚合物涂料的成膜特性等。扫描电 镜之所以有如此广泛的用途是因为它有以下一些独特的优点:

Medical genetics Mitochondria are extremely small (from.002-008 millimeters in length) rice-shaped structures whose details can only be seen with the electron microscope