itrogen-containing compounds are essential to life. Their ultimate source is atmo- spheric nitrogen which, by a process known as nitroge. nitrogen fixation, is reduce ced to ammonia, then converted to organic nitrogen compounds. This chapter describes the chemistry of amines, organic derivatives of ammonia. Alkylamines have their nitro- gen attached to sp'-hybridized carbon; arylamines have their nitrogen attached to an sp2-hybridized carbon of a benzene or benzene-like ring

CONTENTS Preface xxv INTRODUCTION he Origins of Organic Chemistry 1 Berzelius, Wohler. and vitalism 1 The Structural Theory 3 Electronic Theories of Structure and Reactivity 3

PREFACE t is our hope that in writing this Study Guide and Solutions Manual we will make the study of or- ganic chemistry more meaningful and worthwhile. To be effective, a study guide should be more than just an answer book. What we present here was designed with that larger goal in mind

3.1 Chemistry developed out of interest in materials The ability to control fire allowed ancient people to prepare copper(7000 years ago) and iron (3200 years ago) for tools and weapons

18.1 Paper is made of cellulose fibers Paper was first made HARDWOOD FIBERS in China as early as AD 100, of mulberry bark, and then introduced to Western world by Arabs in eighth century. The first paper mills were built in spain in 11th century

The medicinal use of plants has been discovered more than 2000 years ago. Greek physician Dioscorides described the use of opium, in which morphine is the main component. In 1806, morphine was isolated from opium. In 1820, quinine was isolated from the bark of the cinchona tree

8.1 Some Basics 273 quence in the cells DNA. A segment of a DNA molecule 8.2 Nucleic Acid Structure 275 that contains the information required for the synthesis 8.3 Nucleic Acid Chemistry 291 8.4 Other Functions of Nucleotides 300 the only known func- Watson

华南农业大学理学院：《无机及分析化学 Inorganic and analytical chemistry》电子教案（共十章）

§1-4 溶胶 一、表面能与吸附 二、溶胶的性质 三、胶团结构 四、溶胶的稳定性与聚沉 §1-5 乳状液 一、表面活性物质 二、乳状液

一、化学平衡 二、化学反应等温方程式 三、化学平衡的移动