Anemia of increased destruction Normochromic, normochromic anemia Shortened RBC survival Reticulocytosis--Response to increased RBC destruction Increased indirect bilirubin Increased LDH

Chronic Renal Insufficiency Pathogen and pathogenesis Manifestation Laboratory examination Diagnosis and differential diagnosis Treatment

Bone marrow hematopoiesis failure led by chemicals, radiation, biological factors and unknown etiology. The common clinical presentation is mild to severe pancytopenia

Factors cause diseases： chemicals physical biological psychological chemicals：occupational, non-occupational. physical：occupational, non-occupational

Chapter three Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) Chronic Bronchitis Obstructive Pulmonary Emphysema

Cardiovascular disease Cerebrovascular diseases Lower respiratory infections Diarrhea Perinatal disease COPD Tuberculosis Morbilli

Pathological changes -- glomerular injury Clinical manifestations --proteinuria / hematuria A group of diseases Complicated causes & mechanisms Various clinical manifestations Different prognosis Multiple treatment

1.风湿性疾病 英: rheumatic diseases 日:宀了千性疾患 2.弥漫性结缔组织病 yi: diffuse connective tissue diseases dCtD 日:广泛性结合组织病

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

病因(Etiologe) Primery Glomerular Diseases (60%) Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis *Tubulointerstitial Diseases chronic pyelonephritis chronic interstitialnephritis Polycystic Kidney Disease SLE