A Contrastive Study of Differences in Thought Patterns Between English and Chinese  From the angle of translatology, translation includes thought level, semantic level and aesthetic level. But thought level is the basis and precondition upon which the other levels are built. So in this chapter we shall trace back cultural backgrounds contributing to differences in thought patterns between English and Chinese

Two tendencies often occur in the process of translation. One is going after smooth reading and beautiful language at the expense of the true meaning of the original, the other is rigidly sticking to the original words, and the translation turns out to be obscure [ əb'skjuə ] 难解的,含糊的and hard to understand

• Ⅰ. Nida’s analysis of the process of translation • (1) analysis of the source text • (2) transfer from the source to the target language • (3) restructuring in the target language • (4) testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended（future） audience

延安大学：《翻译理论与实践》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英译汉）Translation：Theory and Practice 第四章 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese

• Ⅰ. Reasons • Ⅱ.English passive: • Syntactic passive(结构被动) • Notional passive (意义被动) • E.g. • 1）She dressed beautifully. • (She is dressed beautifully.) • 2 ）These products sell like hot cakes. (These products are sold like hot cakes. ) • Ⅲ. Chinese passive • Marked passive • Unmarked passive • Ⅳ. E-C Translation • 1. E:译为C的主动句或Unmarked passive • 2. E: 译为C的Marked passive • 3. E: 译为C的被动句的转化形式（Chinese passive may be expressed by other structure）

重庆交通大学：《交通管理与控制》课程教学资源（实验指导）aaSIDRA中文使用说明书（aaSIDRA Traffic Control Software Manual 中文翻译）

重庆交通大学：《交通管理与控制》课程教学资源（资料翻译）第11章 交通补贴

重庆交通大学：《交通管理与控制》课程教学资源（资料翻译）第13章 基础设施通行能力

重庆交通大学：《交通管理与控制》课程教学资源（资料翻译）第16章 交通运输系统与经济发展

重庆交通大学：《交通管理与控制》课程教学资源（资料翻译）第18章 在人流较少地区的交通