人教版高中历史必修2第一单元第3课 古代商业的发展习题(2)

Unit 2 The United kingdom 晨读经典书声琅L 晨钟幕鼓丨浸洞词汇语篇 【热点话题】 Family, friends and people around(家庭、朋友与周围的人 我的母亲 体裁:记叙文 写作思路:母亲的出生地、家庭背景一一求学经历一一成就一一评价 【美文诵读】 My mother was a well-educated music teacher, she was born in an ordinary family in Guangdong Province. She had a gift for2 music at an early age. She once won first prize in a national competition when she was 8 years old. In 1977, my mother was admitted to a famous university, where she ma jored in music. After graduation, she was engaged in teaching music. She devoted herself to her work. In order to educate every studen well, my mother worked until midnight and cared little for herself. She achieved great success. She will be remembered asan excellent teacher forever 【学海拾贝】 请按要求完成或翻译下列句子。 1.用同位语将①合并为一个简单句 My mother, a well-educated music teacher, was born in an ordinary family in Guangdong province. 2.这小女孩有跳舞的天赋。( have a gift for) The little girl has a gift for dancing 3.毕业后,我父亲一直忙于研究工作。( be engaged in) fter graduation, my father was en 4.用not... until句型改写④

1 Unit 2 The United kingdom 【热点话题】 Family，friends and people around(家庭、朋友与周围的人) 我的母亲 体裁：记叙文 写作思路：母亲的出生地、家庭背景——求学经历——成就——评价 【美文诵读】 My_mother_was_a_well­educated_music_teacher,_she_was _born_in_an_ordinary_family_in_Guangdong_Province① ._She had_a_gift_for② music at an early age.She once won first prize in a national competition when she was 8 years old.In 1977，my mother was admitted to a famous university，where she majored in music.After graduation，she was_engaged_in ③ teaching music.She devoted herself to her work.In_order_to_educate_every_student_ well ， my_mother_worked_until_midnight ④ and cared little for herself.She_achieved_great_success ⑤ ． She will_be_remembered_as ⑤ an excellent teacher forever. 【学海拾贝】 请按要求完成或翻译下列句子。 1．用同位语将①合并为一个简单句。 My mother，a_well­educated_music_teacher，was born in an ordinary family in Guangdong province. 2．这小女孩有跳舞的天赋。(have a gift for) The little girl has_a_gift_for dancing. 3．毕业后，我父亲一直忙于研究工作。(be engaged in) After graduation，my father was_engaged_in_his_research _work． 4．用 not...until 句型改写④

My mother di work until midnight to educate every student well 5.用and将⑤合并为一个简单句 She achieved great success and will be remembered as an excellent teacher 自主慈实实双基L 教材回归|固本强基 I.按要求写出下列单词 1.省,行政区n. province 2.矛盾,冲突n. conflict 3.筹备,安排,整理v. arrange 4.组成;在于v. consist 5.货币:通货n 6.制度,机制;公共机构n. institution 7.收藏品,珍藏,收集n. collection 8.错误,过失,谬误n. error 9.壮丽的,辉煌的,极好的 adi splend 10.塑像,雕像n. statue 11.便利,方便n. convenience 便利的,方便的adi. convener 不便的ad. inconvenient 12.使人高兴的adi. enjoyable 享受…乐趣V.enio 享乐,快乐n. en joyment 13.描述,描写n. description 描述,描写v. describe 14.可能性 npossibilit 可能的ad. possible 可能地adv. possibly 2

2 My mother didn't_stop_ work until midnight to educate every student well. 5．用 and 将⑤合并为一个简单句。 She achieved_great_success and will_be_remembered_as an excellent teacher forever ——————————————————————————— Ⅰ.按要求写出下列单词 1．省，行政区 n.province 2．矛盾，冲突 n.conflict 3．筹备，安排，整理 v．arrange 4．组成；在于 v.consist 5．货币；通货 n.currency 6．制度，机制；公共机构 n．institution 7．收藏品，珍藏， 收集 n．collection 8．错误，过失，谬误 n.error 9．壮丽的，辉煌的， 极好的 adj.splendid 10．塑像， 雕像 n．statue 11．便利，方便 n．convenience 便利的，方便的 adj.convenient 不便的 adj.in convenient 12．使人高兴的 adj. enjoyable 享受……乐趣 v.enjoy 享乐，快乐 n.enjoyment 13．描述，描写 n．description 描述，描写 v．describe 14．可能性 n.possibility 可能的 adj.possible 可能地 adv.possibly

不可能的ad 15.高兴;使高兴n.&v. delight 感到高兴的adi. delighted 令人高兴的 adi delightfu 巧学活用 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. You ll find these meals quick and convenient to prepare We provide these meals for the convenience of the customers. (convenience) 2. What attracted me first was that there was a big house with an attractive garden(attraction) Tony en joyed the Chinese food in the restaurant. He said it was a very dinner, and I appreciated the fact that he was in full en t of the life in China(enjoy) 4. Nothing is impossible. The poster inspires you to make efforts to achieve your goals. That s to say, it is possible to realize your dream if you work hard. of course, there is also possibility for you to fail even if. you work rather hard (possibly) 5. To my great delight, my daughter was admitted to Beijing University. all my families were delighted to hear the delightful news. It really delighted us all.(delight) Ⅱ.翻译下列短语 1.由…组成(构成) consist of 2.(机器)破坏,损坏:(计划等)受挫 break down 3.值得赞扬;在……名下 to one' s credit 把……分成 divide.,into 5.在……方便的时候 at one' s convenience 6.代替,取代tal 7.脱离,断绝往来bre 8.出错 make an error

3 不可能的 adj. impossible 15．高兴；使高兴 n．& v. delight 感到高兴的 adj. delighted 令人高兴的 adj.delightful 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．You'll find these meals quick and_convenient to prepare.We provide these meals for the_convenience of the customers.(convenience) 2．What_attracted me first was that there was a big house with an_attractive garden.(attraction) 3．Tony enjoyed the Chinese food in the restaurant.He said it was a very enjoyable dinner，and I appreciated the fact that he was in full enjoyment of the life in China.(enjoy) 4．Not hing is impossible．The poster inspires you to make efforts to achieve your goals.That's to say，it is_possible to realize your dream if you work hard.Of course ， there is also possibility for you to fail even if you work rather hard.(possibly) 5．To my great delight，my daughter was admitted to Beijing University.All my families were delighted to hear the delightful news.It really delighted us all.(delight) Ⅱ.翻译下列短语 1．由……组成(构成)consist_of 2．(机器)破坏，损坏；(计划等)受挫 break_down 3．值得赞扬；在……名下 to_one's_credit 4．把……分成 divide...into 5．在……方便的时候 at_one's_convenience 6．代替，取代 take_the_place_of 7．脱离，断绝往来 break_away_(from) 8．出错 make_an_error

9.省去:漏掉1e 10.对……有好/坏影响 have a good/ bad influence on 巧学活用 选用上述短语完成下列短文。 GIe 1 publishing group (1)consisting of 6 publishing houses.(2)To (3)had a good influence on every aspect came out of the Globe. Ten years ago, one of the 6 publishing houses(4)broke away from the Globe and set up the Guide, hoping to(5)take the place of the Globe. But unfortunately, the Guide had to close several months later Ⅲ.重点句型 1. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. (p. 10) 如果你想使你的英国之旅不虚此行,你就必须把眼睛睁得大大的。 make sh./sth.+ad.”为“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,意为“使得……” The result of the experiment made us upset 实验的结果使我们很难过。 一[模仿造句] 用上述句型完成下列句子。 (1)即将到来的假期使每个人都很兴奋。 The coming holiday makes everybody excited (2)男朋友的电话令Lucy整晚都开心不已。 A call from her boy friend made lucy happy all the night 2. It looked splendid when first built! (p. 14) 刚建成时,它显得金碧辉煌 句四 连词( unless,when)+过去分词短语

4 9．省去；漏掉 leave_out 10．对……有好/坏影响 have_a_good/bad_influence_on 选用上述短语完成下列短文。 Globe is a publishing group (1)consisting_of 6 publishing houses.(2)To_its_credit_it ， many good books and magazines that (3)had_a_good_influence on every aspect came out of the Globe.Ten years ago，one of the 6 publishing houses (4)broke_away_from the Globe and set up the Guide，hoping to (5)take_the_place_of the Globe.But unfortunately，the Guide had to close several months later. Ⅲ.重点句型 1．You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.(p.10) 如果你想使你的英国之旅不虚此行，你就必须把眼睛睁得大大的。 “make sb./sth.＋adj.”为“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，意为“使得……”。 The result of the experiment made us upset. 实验的结果使我们很难过。 ————————————————————————[模仿造句] 用上述句型完成下列句子。 (1)即将到来的假期使每个人都很兴奋。 The_coming_holiday_makes_everybody_excited. (2)男朋友的电话令 Lucy 整晚都开心不已。 A_call_from_her_boy_friend_made_Lucy_happy_all_the_night. 2．It looked splendid when first built！(p.14) 刚建成时，它显得金碧辉煌。 连词(unless，when)＋过去分词短语

If asked about the accident, you d better say nothing about it. 如果有人问起这次事故,你最好什么都不要说。 模仿造句] 用上述句型完成下列句子。 (1)一旦形成,坏习惯将很难改掉。 e formed, the bad habits are hard to get rid of. (2)当被问到发生什么事,他突然间哭了 he burst into tears 3. It seemed strange that the man who had deve loped communism should have lived and died in London.(p. 14) 这似乎是一件怪事,这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过,并在伦敦逝世。 句四 It seems/ seemed strange that sb should have done sth 某人竞然……这似乎不可思议 It seemed strange that he should abandon his wife and children 他竟然抛妻弃子,真是太不可思议了 [模仿造句] 用上述句型完成下列句子。 (1)他竟然能吃玻璃,这似乎不可思议。 It seems strange that he should eat glass (2)真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格。 It's strange that he should fail the exam 巧学活用 用上述句型翻译下列小片段 个办公室职员居然能结识一位著名影星,这似乎不可思议。所以,当汤姆被邀请参加

5 If asked about the accident，you'd better say nothing about it. 如果有人问起这次事故，你最好什么都不要说。 ——————————————————————— [模仿造句] 用上述句型完成下列句子。 (1)一旦形成，坏习惯将很难改掉。 Once_formed,_the bad habits are hard to get rid of. (2)当被问到发生什么事，他突然间哭了。 When_asked_what_had_happened,_he burst into tears. 3．It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.(p.14) 这似乎是一件怪事，这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并在伦敦逝世。 It seems/seemed strange that sb.should have done sth. 某人竟然……这似乎不可思议 It_seemed_strange_that he should abandon his wife and children. 他竟然抛妻弃子，真是太不可思议了。 ——————————————————————— [模仿造句] 用上述句型完成下列句子。 (1)他竟然能吃玻璃，这似乎不可思议。 It_seems_strange_that he should eat glass. (2)真奇怪，他竟然考试不及格。 It's_strange_that_he_should_fail_the_exam. 用上述句型翻译下列小片段。 一个办公室职员居然能结识一位著名影星，这似乎不可思议。所以，当汤姆被邀请参加

著名影星的婚礼时他激动得说不出话来。他想,如果能利用这个婚礼让更多的名人认识自己, 他可能就会有一个光明的前景。 t seemed strange that an office boy should have made acquaintance with a f word when invited to attend the famous stars wedding. He thought he could ta ke advantage of the wedding to make himself known to more celebrities and that 高分 秘笈 阅读理解解题技巧 词义猜测(1) 上下文逻辑推理法 根据文章的内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识来分析和判断相关信息之间存在 的逻辑关系,然后结合上下文,根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致意思。在解题时,我们可 以利用上下文的线索、暗示信息或单词的作用和关系准确推测词义。如: 【例0】“ My son has been in school for twelve years and he cannot write sentence, Tom shouted to the headmaster "You ve made him an illiterate 解析:依据信息“上学12年”、“不会写一个句子”、“大喊大叫”,可知家长在指 责校方,也就不难猜出 illiterate意为“文盲”。 【例②】 One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with imperfect information. 解析:前句说“关于商业的一个错误观点是商业可以看作是完美的信息游戏”,而后句 说“商业、政治、生活本身是非常不完美的信息游戏”,由此推之 quite the reverse的意 思是“正好相反”。 ▲温馨提示:我们将分6个单元介绍阅读中猜测词义的常用方法。但是必须牢记,各种 方法都是互相联系的,都离不开对上下文的正确理解,所谓词不离句、句不离篇讲的就是这 个道理。在解题时,同学们应该综合运用各种方法,根据对语篇的理解,结合上下文,对生

6 著名影星的婚礼时他激动得说不出话来。他想，如果能利用这个婚礼让更多的名人认识自己， 他可能就会有一个光明的前景。 It_seemed_strange_that_an_office_boy_should_have_made_acquaintance_with_a_f ilm_star.Therefore，Tom_was_too_excited_to_say _a_word_when_invited_to_attend_the_famous_star's_wedding.He_thought_he_could_ta ke_advantage_of_the_wedding_to_make_himself_known_to_more_celebrities_and_that_ he_would_have_a_bright_future. 阅读理解解题技巧 词义猜测（1） 上下文逻辑推理法 根据文章的内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识来分析和判断相关信息之间存在 的逻辑关系，然后结合上下文，根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致意思。在解题时，我们可 以利用上下文的线索、暗示信息或单词的作用和关系准确推测词义。如： 【例❶】 “My son has been in school for twelve years and he cannot write a sentence，” Tom shouted to the headmaster.“You've made him an illiterate．” 解析：依据信息“上学 12 年”、“不会写一个句子”、“大喊大叫”，可知家长在指 责校方，也就不难猜出 illiterate 意为“文盲”。 【例❷】 One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information.Quite_the_reverse，business，politics，life itself are games which we must normally play with imperfect information. 解析：前句说“关于商业的一个错误观点是商业可以看作是完美的信息游戏”，而后句 说“商业、政治、生活本身是非常不完美的信息游戏”，由此推之 quite the reverse 的意 思是“正好相反”。 温馨提示：我们将分 6 个单元介绍阅读中猜测词义的常用方法。但是必须牢记，各种 方法都是互相联系的，都离不开对上下文的正确理解，所谓词不离句、句不离篇讲的就是这 个道理。在解题时，同学们应该综合运用各种方法，根据对语篇的理解，结合上下文，对生

词、短语或句子的含义作出准确的、合乎逻辑的猜测 巧学活用 利用上述方法,猜出下列各句画线单词的意思 1. The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meet. A. gathered B. d C. left D. dropped 解析:从下文的“ came together”可知, assembled意为“集合”。 答案:A 2. People take a cat nap when there isn t enough time for a full-length sleep. A. a short sleep B. a sound sleep C. a rest D. a glance 解析:结合上下文可知 a cat nap的意思与afu- length sleep相反,意为“小睡 打盹”。 答案:A 3. Fly to the great city of Shanghai and in the evening sample traditional Shanghai food. Visit the beautiful YU Garden, Old Town A. buy B. reserve C. taste 解析:根据 sample的宾语 traditional Shanghai food可知, sample在此处的意思是 品尝”。 答案:C 4.(2015·课标全国I卷) The fine selections of the ma jor works was done in close collaboration (A)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali museum in St Petersburg Florida A. Artworks B. Projects C. Donations D. Documents

7 词、短语或句子的含义作出准确的、合乎逻辑的猜测。 利用上述方法，猜出下列各句画线单词的意思。 1．The pupils assembled in front of the school hall.They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meet. A．gathered B．disappeared C．left D．dropped 解析：从下文的“came together”可知，assembled 意为 “集合”。 答案：A 2．People take a_cat_nap when there isn't enough time for a full­length sleep. A．a short sleep B．a sound sleep C．a rest D．a glance 解析：结合上下文可知 a cat nap 的意思与 a full­length sleep 相反，意为 “小睡、 打盹”。 答案：A 3．Fly to the great city of Shanghai and in the evening sample traditional Shanghai food.Visit the beautiful YU Garden，Old Town. A．buy B．reserve C．taste D．make 解析：根据 sample 的宾语 traditional Shanghai food 可知，sample 在此处的意思是 “品尝”。 答案：C 4．(2015·课标全国Ⅰ卷)The fine selections of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida. A．Artworks B．Projects C．Donations D．Documents

解析:猜测词义题。最后一段指出,展出的优秀作品是与其他博物馆合作准备的,包括 来自St. Petersburg的 Salvador dali博物馆的艺术品,故选A项。 答案:A 5.(2015·课标全国Ⅱ卷) The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed A. ended all their programs. B. provided fewer channels C. changed to commercials D. showed all-night movies. 解析:猜测词义题。根据文中最后一句“ Fortunately, I didn’ t get any channels showing all- night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.”可知,画线短语的 意思为“结束所有的电视节目”。故选A。 答案:A 课后训练 高效提 分层集训|单独成册 第一节阅读理解 阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项 (2015·湖南卷) In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help he replies, "No thanks. I' ve got a good horse under me. The city planners decided to build an underground drainage HFzk)system but there simply wasn t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago river or rai the city. An engineer named ellis chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice

8 解析：猜测词义题。最后一段指出，展出的优秀作品是与其他博物馆合作准备的，包括 来自 St.Petersburg 的 Salvador Dali 博物馆的艺术品，故选 A 项。 答案：A 5．(2015·课标全国Ⅱ卷)The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night. Fortunately，I didn't get any channels showing all­night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. A．ended all their programs. B．provided fewer channels. C．changed to commercials. D．showed all­night movies. 解析：猜测词义题。根据文中最后一句“Fortunately，I didn't get any channels showing all­night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.”可知，画线短语的 意思为“结束所有的电视节目”。故选 A。 答案：A 第一节 阅读理解 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 (2015·湖南卷)In its early history，Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this：A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street.Asked if he needs help, he replies，“No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me.” The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水)system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city. An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice

but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city' s streets by as much as 12 feet This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building? That' s where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building' s foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullmans signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn t even notice anything was happening Some people like to say that every problem has a solu-tion. But in Chicago early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago river, the citys next step was to clean the polluted river. 1. The author mentions the joke to show A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago B. Chicago's streets were extremely muddy C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring D. the Chicag o people were particularly humorous 2. The city planners were convinced by ellis chesbrough to A. get rid of the street dirt B. lower the Chicago River C. fight against he flood D. build the pipes above ground The underlined word“ hoist” in Paragraph4 means

9 but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet. This of course created a new problem：dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice：either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small wood­frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel，which was a six­story brick building? That's where George Pullman came in.He had developed some house­moving skills successfully.To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel，Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶)beneath the building's foundation.One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews.At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time，thereby raising the building slowly and evenly.Astonishingly，the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solu­tion.But in Chicago's early history，every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem.Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river. 1. The author mentions the joke to show________． A．horses were fairly useful in Chicago B．Chicago's streets were extremely muddy C．Chicago was very dangerous in the spring D. the Chicag o people were particularly humorous 2．The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to________． A．get rid of the street dirt B．lower the C hicago River C．fight against heavy floods D．build the pipes above ground 3．The underlined word“hoist”in Paragraph 4 means“________”．

B. lift C. repair D. decorate 4. What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel? A. It went on smoothly as intended It interrupted the business of the hotel. C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews D. It separated the building from its foundation. 语篇解读:本文为说明文,题材为历史与建筑。在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水,,这使得 街道非常泥泞。城市规划者就这一问题采取了诸多措施 1.解析:推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水尤其是在春天, 这使得街道非常泥泞以至于行人及马和马车陷入泥里。这一则笑话是用来说明芝加哥街道的 泥泞的,故选B项。 答案:B 2.解析:事实细节题。由第三段第一句“... Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that.. to build the pipes above ground...”可知,D项正确。 答案:D 3.解析:猜测词义题。由画线词后一句“ Small wood- frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.”可知, hoist与lift为同义词,故B项正确。 答案:B 4.解析:事实细节题。由倒数第二段内容可知A项正确 答案:A 第二节七选五 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项 In high school, it's important to stay healthy. 1 How can you study well if you re sick? So you should pay attention to your health in order to study well in high school. In order to en joy good health, you should have some good habits.Here are some tips for you. Drink water regularly every day. Some students don t like drinking water. They only drink water when they re extremely thirsty. You should drink water

10 A．change B．lift C．repair D．decorate 4．What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel? A．It went on smoothly as intended. B．It interrupted the business of the hotel. C．It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews. D．It separated the building from its foundation. 语篇解读：本文为说明文，题材为历史与建筑。在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水， 这使得 街道非常泥泞。城市规划者就这一问题采取了诸多措施。 1．解析：推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水尤其是在春天， 这使得街道非常泥泞以至于行人及马和马车陷入泥里。这一则笑话是用来说明芝加哥街道的 泥泞的，故选 B 项。 答案：B 2．解析：事实细节题。由第三段第一句“...Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that...to build the pipes above ground...”可知，D 项正确。 答案：D 3．解析：猜测词义题。由画线词后一句“Small wood­frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.”可知，hoist 与 lift 为同义词，故 B 项正确。 答案：B 4．解析：事实细节题。由倒数第二段内容可知 A 项正确。 答案：A 第二节 七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 In high school, it's important to stay healthy.__1__How can you study well if you're sick？So you should pay attention to your health in order to study well in high school. In order to enjoy good health, you should have some good habits. Here are some tips for you. Drink water regularly every day. Some students don't like drinking water. They only drink water when they're extremely thirsty.__2__You should drink water