本章主要内容 氨基酸( Amino acic(重点内容) (一)结构特点 (二)20种基本氨基酸 (三)氨基酸的特性 (四)每基酸的合成与拆分 二、肽( Peptides 、蛋白质( Proteins)(简述)
本章主要内容 一、氨基酸 (Amino Acid)(重点内容) (一)结构特点 (二)20 种基本氨基酸 (三)氨基酸的特性 (四)氨基酸的合成与拆分 二、肽 (Peptides) 三、蛋白质 (Proteins) (简述 )
Amino Acid ●分子中既含有氨基,又含有羧基的化合 物统称为氨基酸。 COOH CH3CHCOOH NH2 CH2 CH2COOH NH2 CH2CH2CH2COOH NH2 NH- a-amino acid B-amino acid r-amino acid o-amino benzoic acid ●组成肽和蛋白质的结构单元分子 a amino Acid
一、Amino Acid z 分子中既含有氨基,又含有羧基的化合 物统称为氨基酸。 CH3CHCOOH COOH NH2 NH2 NH2CH2CH2COOH NH2CH2CH2CH2COOH α-amino acid β-amino acid γ-amino acid o-amino benzoic acid z 组成肽和蛋白质的结构单元分子 —— α- amino Acid
Amino acids (一) Configuration COOH COOH H2N-TH ■■■ H→NH 2 R R L-ac-amino acid D-ac-amino acid When R*H, a-C is a chiral carbon, there are two stereoisomers(D and L-aamino acid) The amino acids in protein molecules are the L-a-amino acids 20 standard amino acids in proteins
一、Amino Acids (一)Configuration H2N H COOH R H NH2 COOH R L-α-amino acid D-α-amino acid • When R ≠ H, α-C is a chiral carbon, there are two stereoisomers (D and L- α- amino acid) • The amino acids in protein molecules are the L- α - amino acids. • 20 standard amino acids in proteins
)20 standard amino acids 1. Nonpolar, aliphalic R groups(6) COo Coo COo H3N-H H3N-H CH CH(CH3)21 Glycine(gly) Alanine(ala) Valine (val) 甘氨酸 丙氨酸 缬氨酸 COo COo 大 COo H3N-H 肽 链 CH. 2 CH(CH3) 的+H2 CH(CH3)2 CHaCH 骨 架 Leucine leu oeie(e)变 Proline(pro) 亮氨酸 异亮氨酸 化脯氨酸
(二)20 standard amino acids +H3N COOH +H2N COOH +H3N COOH CH3 +H3N COOH CH(CH3)2 +H3N COOH CH2 +H3N COOH CH(CH3) CH(CH3)2 CH2CH3 Glycine (Gly) Alanine (Ala) Valine (Val) Leucine (Leu) Isoleucine (Ile) Proline (Pro) 甘氨酸 丙氨酸 缬氨酸 亮氨酸 异亮氨酸 脯氨酸 1. Nonpolar, aliphalic R groups (6) * 肽 链 的 骨 架 变 化
氨基酸( Amino acids) 2)20 standard amino acids 2. Aromatic R groups 3) cOo COo COo HaN 3 H HaNH CH CH 2 2 CH 2 OH Phenylalanine(Phe) yrosine(Tyr) Tryptophan(Try) 苯丙氨酸 酪氨酸 色氨酸 UⅤ特征吸收:入=280nm
一、氨基酸 (Amino Acids) (二)20 standard amino acids +H3N COOH CH2 +H3N COOH CH2 +H3N COOH CH2 Phenylalanine (Phe) Tyrosine (Tyr) Tryptophan (Try) 苯丙氨酸 酪氨酸 色氨酸 2. Aromatic R groups (3) N H OH UV 特征吸收:λ = 280 nm
E 20 standard amino acids 3. Polar, uncharged r groups(6) CoO COo COo H3N-H N—H CH,OH CHOH CH?SH CH Serine(ser) Threonine(thr Cysteine(Cys) 丝氨酸 苏氨酸 半胱氨酸 COO COO COO H 3 N H 3 CH 2 CH CH 2 CH2SCH3 CONH 2 CH 2 CONH 2 Methionine met) Asparagine(Asn) Glutamine(Gin) 甲硫氨酸(蛋氨酸) 门冬酰胺 谷氨酰胺
(二)20 standard amino acids +H3N COOH CH2OH +H3N COOH CHOH +H3N COOH CH2SH +H3N COOH CH2 +H3N COOH CH2 CH2SCH3 CONH2 Serine (Ser) Threonine (Thr) Cysteine (Cys) Methionine (Met) Asparagine (Asn) Glutamine (Gln) 丝氨酸 苏氨酸 半胱氨酸 甲硫氨酸(蛋氨酸) 门冬酰胺 谷氨酰胺 3. Polar, uncharged R groups (6) CH3 +H3N COOH CH2 CH2 CONH2
Amino acids )20 standard amino acids 4. Negatively charged groups(2 COO COo 3 2 2 COO 2 COo Aspartate(Asp) Glutamate(Glu 门冬氨酸 谷氨酸 Acidic amino acids-containing two carboxylic groups
一、Amino Acids (二)20 standard amino acids Acidic amino acids——containing two carboxylic groups +H3N COOH CH2 COOAspartate (Asp) Glutamate(Glu) 门冬氨酸 谷氨酸 +H3N COOH CH2 CH2 COO- 4. Negatively charged R groups (2)
)20 standard amino acids 5. Positively charged r groups 3) COo Coo H3N H HrN-H CH 2 CH COo 2 CH CH HaN H 2 2 CH 2 CH 2 HoC CH. NH imidazole NH guanidin C=NH2 NH HNS NH 2 ysine (lys Arginine (arg) Histidine 赖氨酸 精氨酸 组氨酸 Basic amino acids containing two amino groups
(二)20 standard amino acids Basic amino acids —— containing two amino groups +H3N COOH CH2 CH2 Lysine (Lys) Arginine (Arg) 赖氨酸 精氨酸 +H3N COOH CH2 CH2 CH2 5. Positively charged R groups (3) CH2 CH2 NH3+ NH C NH2 NH2+ +H3N COOH H2C HN guanidino NH imidazole Histidine 组氨酸