第四章孟德尔遗传 定律 Mendel's principles
第四章 孟德尔遗传 定律 Mendel’s principles
第一节分离规律
第一节 分离规律
1.1 Mendels Experiments Mendel, born in 1822, grew up in a rural area of what is now a part of Czechoslovakia. Because his family was poor, he entered a monastery in order to continue his education Mendel had a lifelong interest in biology, particularly animal breeding but because his superiors did not think it appropriate for a cleric to breed Gregor Johann Mendel animals he concentrated instead on (1822-84) raising garden peas and other plants in the monastery garden
1.1 Mendel’s Experiments Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-84) Mendel, born in 1822, grew up in a rural area of what is now a part of Czechoslovakia. Because his family was poor, he entered a monastery in order to continue his education. Mendel had a lifelong interest in biology, particularly animal breeding, but because his superiors did not think it appropriate for a cleric to breed animals, he concentrated instead on raising garden peas and other plants in the monastery garden
紫色 白色 轴生 顶生 黄色 绿色 圆形 走己
圆形 起皱 饱满 皱皮缩 绿色 黄色 矮
1.1 Mendels Experiments The results of his work were published in german in an 1866 paper entitled experiments in Plant Hybridization The paper was distributed fairly widely through libraries but mendel's contemporaries did not understand his findings, probably partly because of the mathematical explanations astery in 1868 and published nothing further on heredity by the rest of the scientific community until 1900, when three botanists Carl Correns in Germany, Hugo de vries in the Netherlands, and erich von Tschermak in austria rediscovered his work after each had apparently independently reached similar conclusions
1.1 Mendel’s Experiments The results of his work were published in German in an 1866 paper entitled “experiments in Plant Hybridization.” The paper was distributed fairly widely through libraries, but Mendel’s contemporaries did not understand his findings, probably partly because of the mathematical explanations astery in 1868 and published nothing further on heredity by the rest of the scientific community until 1900, when three botanists, Carl Correns in Germany, Hugo de Vries in the Netherlands, and Erich von Tschermak in Austria, rediscovered his work after each had apparently independently reached similar conclusions
1.1.1孟德尔遗传分析的方法 严格选材 从豆科植物中选择了自花授粉且是闭花授 粉的豌豆作为杂交试验的材料。 精心设计 采取单因子分析法。 定量分析法 >首创了测交方法
1.1.1 孟德尔遗传分析的方法 ➢ 严格选材 从豆科植物中选择了自花授粉且是闭花授 粉的豌豆作为杂交试验的材料。 ➢ 精心设计 采取单因子分析法。 ➢ 定量分析法 ➢ 首创了测交方法
Why Mendel chose the pea plant The garden pea was easy to cultivate and had relatively short life cycle The plant had discontinuous characteristics such as flower color and pea texture In part because of its anatomy, pollination of the plant could be controlled easily Foreign pollen could be kept out, and cross fertilization could be accomplished artificially
Why Mendel chose the pea plant? ➢ The garden pea was easy to cultivate and had relatively short life cycle. ➢ The plant had discontinuous characteristics such as flower color and pea texture. ➢ In part because of its anatomy, pollination of the plant could be controlled easily. Foreign pollen could be kept out, and crossfertilization could be accomplished artificially
1.1.2 Concerned concept 口杂交( cross)在遗传分析中有意识地将两个基 因型不同的亲本进行交配称杂交。 日F1( Filial generation):由两个基因型不同的亲 本杂交产生的种子及长成的植株。 口F2:由F1自交或互交产生的种子及长成的植 株。 口杂种( hybrid)任何不同基因型的亲代杂交所 产生的个体
1.1.2 Concerned concept ❑ 杂交(cross): 在遗传分析中有意识地将两个基 因型不同的亲本进行交配称杂交。 ❑ F1 (Filial generation) : 由两个基因型不同的亲 本杂交产生的种子及长成的植株。 ❑ F2：由F1自交或互交产生的种子及长成的植 株。 ❑ 杂种(hybrid): 任何不同基因型的亲代杂交所 产生的个体。
1.1.2 Concerned concept P:亲本; ♀:母本; ♂:父本 ⑧:自交
1.1.2 Concerned concept • P：亲本； •♀：母本； •♂：父本； • : 自交