《天然药物化学》课程参考文献（天然药物研究与开发）Potentiality of plants as source of insecticide principles

Joural of Saudi Chemical Society (21)1953 King Saud University Journal of Saudi Chemical Society wwoa ORIGINAL ARTICLE Potentiality of plants as source of insecticide principles Safia ZoubiriAoumeur Baaliouamer )Pac C UIa a除n8 CC)..Ta4 KEYWORDS Abstract In the search for alternatives to co ventional insecticides.essential oils extracted from Plants: practical methods and recent uction and hosting by Elsevier B.V. 1.Introduction pesticides.botanical ones are a revival due to em( 2007 (Pa des has onyemooeqnrS 2007.These compounds act as fumigants (Choi et need Production and hosting by Elsevier ndly and sting by Elsevier B.V.n behalf of King Saud University.CBY-NC-ND

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Potentiality of plants as source of insecticide principles Safia Zoubiri a,b,c, *, Aoumeur Baaliouamer a a Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria b Research and Development Center, EPE ALDAR, Moubydal Group, Dar El-Beida, Algeria c Scientific and Technological Research Center on Physical and Chemical Analysis (CRAPC), Bou-Ismail site, Tipaza, Algeria Received 30 September 2011; accepted 1 November 2011 Available online 2 December 2011 KEYWORDS Plants; Essential oil; Chemical composition; Insecticidal activity Abstract In the search for alternatives to conventional insecticides, essential oils extracted from aromatic plants have been widely investigated. Their toxicities toward insects were of special inter￾est during the last decade. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the data published mostly in the past 10 years on aromatic plant and plant’s essential oils that have been reported to possess insecticidal activity and practical methods and recent techniques for screening these com￾pounds. The review refers to 230 plants, their geographical distribution and the organism tested. Some aspects of recent insecticidal activity directed research on natural products are discussed. ª 2011 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. 1. Introduction Chemical control is an effective strategy used extensively in daily life (Pavela, 2009a). However, the widespread use of syn￾thetic insecticides has led to many negative consequences (Pavela, 2008), resulting in increasing attention to natural products (Pirali-Kheirabadi and da Silva, 2010). Among bio￾pesticides, botanical ones are experiencing a revival due to their eco-toxicological properties (Cosimi et al., 2009). Plants play pivotal roles in ecological systems (Garcıa et al., 2007). They may provide potential alternatives to currently used insect-control agents because they constitute a rich source of bioactive chemicals (Qin et al., 2010). Essential oils are among the best-known substances tested against insects (Pitasawat et al., 2007). These compounds act as fumigants (Choi et al., 2006), contact insecticides (Tang et al., 2007), repellents (Islam et al., 2009) and antifeedants (Gonzalez-Coloma et al., 2006) and may affect some biological parameters such as growth rate (Nathan et al., 2008), life span and reproduction (Isikber et al., 2006). Risks and problems associated with the use of chemicals lead to increasingly stringent environmental regulation of pes￾ticides (Pavela et al., 2010). There is therefore an urgent need to develop safer, more environmentally friendly and efficient alternatives that have the potential to replace synthetic pesti- * Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Functional Organic Anal￾ysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria. Tel.: +213 551542478. E-mail address: safia7fr@yahoo.fr (S. Zoubiri). Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. Production and hosting by Elsevier Journal of Saudi Chemical Society (2014) 18, 925–938 King Saud University Journal of Saudi Chemical Society www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2011.11.015 1319-6103 ª 2011 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license

List of some tested plant for their insecticidal activit s(R A.pseudoplatams (Pavela.2008 2005 et al. xico (Cho 206) (0) d Mehlhorn.2006a.b.c 008).A.indica (Kamarai et al.2010) -esti(Chuctal.201g c四 2006 ct al.2005) 2010) 200 (00 c40 eh.2008 2009 C. ile (A (Cheng et).C L208 C.nool (Choi cta

Table 1 List of some tested plant essential oils for their insecticidal activity. Botanical name Species (References) Abutilon A. indicum (Abdul Rahuman et al., 2008b) Acer A. campestre, A. cissifolium, A. negundo, A. platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus (Pavela, 2008) Achillea A. millefolium (Pavela, 2008; Conti et al., 2010) Aegiphila A. lhotskiana (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Aegle A. marmelos (Abdul Rahuman et al., 2008b) Aframomum A. melegueta (Ukeh et al., 2009) Ageratum A. conyzoides (Bouda et al., 2001; de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Ailanthus A. altissima (Pavela, 2009a) Ajuga A. iva (Jbilou et al., 2008), A. reptans (Pavela, 2008) Alexitoxicon A. scandens (Pavela, 2009a) Allium A. cepa (Pyun and Shin, 2006; Khater et al., 2009), A. sativum (Yang et al., 2010) Alpinia A. offcinarum (Choi et al., 2006) Ammi A. visnaga (Pavela, 2008) Amygdalae A. oleum raffinatum (Choi et al., 2006) Amyris A. balsamifera (Pavela, 2009b; Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,b,c) Anacardium A. occidentalis (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Andira A. inermis (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Anethum A. graveolens (Choochote et al., 2007; Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,b,c) Angelica A. archangelica (Pavela, 2009a), A. sinensis (Choi et al., 2006) Aniba A. rosaeodora (Amer and Mehlhorn (2006a,c) Annona A. crassiflora and A. glabra (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005), A. squamosa (Senthilkumar et al., 2009) Anthemis A. nobilis (Pavela, 2009b; Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c), A. tinctoria (Pavela, 2009a) Apium A. graveolens (Pitasawat et al., 2007) Arctium A. lappa (Pavela, 2009a) Aristolochia A. baetica (Jbilou et al., 2008) , A. indica (Kamaraj et al., 2010) Arnica A. montana (Choi et al., 2006) Artemisia A. abrotanum and A. campestris (Pavela, 2009a), A. absinthium (Squires et al., 2011), A. annua (Senthilkumar et al., 2009; Squires et al., 2011), A. herba-alba and A. monosperma (Abdel-Shafy et al., 2009), A. judaica (Abdelgaleil et al., 2008), A. taurica (Pavela, 2008), A. vestita (Chu et al., 2010) Astragalus A. chinensis (Pavela, 2009a), A. excarpus (Pavela, 2008) Azadirachta A. indica (Choi et al., 2006; Kebede et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2010) Balsamita B. major (Pavela, 2009a) Baptisia B. tinctoria (Choi et al., 2006) Borago B. officinalis (Pavela, 2009a) Boswellia B. carteri (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,b,c; Choi et al., 2006) Bryonia B. dioica (Pavela, 2009a) Bupleurum B. exaltatum (Pavela, 2008) Caesalpinia C. pyramidalis (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Calotropis C. procera (Elimam et al., 2010) Campanula C. longistyla (Pavela, 2008) Cananga C. odorata (Choi et al., 2006) Cannabis C. sativa (Pavela, 2009b) Carapa C. guianensis (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Carthamnus C. lanatus (Pavela, 2009a) Carum C. carvi (Pitasawat et al., 2007; Lopez et al., 2008), C. copticum (Sahaf and Moharramipour, 2008) Cassia C. angustifolia (Kamaraj et al., 2010), C. fistula (Senthilkumar et al., 2009) Cedrela C. fissilis (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Centaurea C. orientalis (Pavela, 2008) Centaurium C. erythraea (Jbilou et al., 2008) Centella C. asiatica (Senthilkumar et al., 2009) Cestrum C. nocturnum (Patil et al., 2010) Chamaemelum C. nobile (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c) Chromolaena C. odorata (Bouda et al., 2001) Cichorium C. intybus (Pavela, 2009a) Cinnamomum C. camphora (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c), C. osmophloeum (Cheng et al., 2009a), C. zeylanicum (Prajapati et al., 2005; Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c) Circium C. arvense (Pavela, 2008) Citrullus C. colocynthis (Abdul Rahuman et al., 2008c) Citrus C. aurantium (Choi et al., 2006; Pavela, 2009b), C. bergamia (Cosimi et al., 2009), C. cinesis, C. reticulate, C. vulgaris and C. X paradisi (Choi et al., 2006), C. limon (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,b,c) Clausena C. dentata (Rajkumar and Jebanesan, 2010) Clematis C. vitalba (Pavela, 2009a) Cleome C. hirta (Ndungu et al., 1999) Commiphora C. nolnol (Choi et al., 2006) 926 S. Zoubiri, A. Baaliouamer

Potentiality of plants as source of insecticide principles Botanical name Species(References) iriodora Martiner-Vela ue etal.201） a et a s (P 2009 (Choi eta) 1.2010 ic (Nathan et al.2008 2009a:Lucia et al et a E hafy ct al. a and tircalli (Abdul Rahuman ct al.2008a).E.thynifolia (Abdu b.c:Conti et 2006a.b.e japati et al.. 2005)

Table 1 (continued) Botanical name Species (References) Convolvulus C. cantabrica (Pavela, 2008), C. lineatus (Pavela, 2009a) Conyza C. newii (Omolo et al., 2004) Copaifera C. langsdorffii (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Coriandrum C. sativum (Knio et al., 2008; Lopez et al., 2008; Abdelghany et al., 2009; Islam et al., 2009; Zoubiri and Baaliouamer, 2010) Corymbia C. citriodora (Dugassa et al., 2009) Cryptomeria C. japonica (Cheng et al., 2009c) Cuminum C. cyminum (Prajapati et al., 2005; Martinez-Velazquez et al., 2011) Cupressus C. sempervirens (Tapondjou et al., 2005) Curcuma C. aromatic (Madhu et al., 2010), C. longa (Prajapati et al., 2005; Choi et al., 2006), C. zedoaria (Pitasawat et al., 2007) Cymbopogan C. citrates (Oyedele et al., 2002; Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c; Senthilkumar et al., 2009; Tchoumbougnang et al., 2009), C. nardus (Choi et al., 2006), C. winterianus (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005; Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c) Cyperus C. scariosus (Prajapati et al., 2005) Datura D. stramonium (Senthilkumar et al., 2009) Dendropanax D. morbifera (Chung et al., 2009) Dictamnus D. albus (Pavela, 2009a) Dioscorea D. villosa (Choi et al., 2006) Diospyros D. melanoxylon (Kamaraj et al., 2010) Dolichos D. biflorus (Kamaraj et al., 2010) Dorycnium D. graeeum (Pavela, 2009a) Dracocephalum D. moldavicum (Pavela, 2009a) Dysoxylum D. beddomei and D. malabaricum (Nathan et al., 2008) Echinacea E. purpurea (Pavela, 2009a) Echinops E. sphaerocephalus (Pavela, 2009a) Erigeron E. Canadensis (Pavela, 2009b) Eucalyptus E. camaldulensis (Erler et al., 2006; Dugassa et al., 2009; Cheng et al., 2009a; Lucia et al., 2009), E. cinerea, E. dunnii, E. grandis, E. gunnii, E. sideroxylon, E. tereticornis and E. viminalis (Lucia et al., 2009), E. citriodora (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c; George et al., 2008; Maciel et al., 2010), E. dives and E. radiate (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c), E. globules (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c; Choi et al., 2006; George et al., 2008; Lucia et al., 2009; Senthilkumar et al., 2009; Maciel et al., 2010), E. radiata (George et al., 2008), E. saligna (Tapondjou et al., 2005; Lucia et al., 2009), E. staigeriana (George et al., 2008; Maciel et al., 2010), E. urophylla (Cheng et al., 2009b) Eugenia E. caryophyllata (Choi et al., 2006; Fichi et al., 2007) Euphorbia E. aegyptiaca (Abdel-Shafy et al., 2009), E. hirta and E. tirucalli (Abdul Rahuman et al., 2008a), E. thymifolia (Abdul Rahuman et al., 2008b) Ferula F. assa-foetida (Pavela, 2009a), F. galbaniflua (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c), F. lancerottensis (Pavela, 2008) Flourensia F. oolepis (Garcıa et al., 2007) Foeniculum F. vulgare (Choi et al., 2006; Pitasawat et al., 2007; Cosimi et al., 2009; Conti et al., 2010) Francoeuria F. crespa (Abdel-Shafy et al., 2009) Fraxinus F. excelsior (Pavela, 2008) Fumana F. ericoides (Pavela, 2008) Galatella G. villosa (Pavela, 2008) Galium G. verticillatum (Pavela, 2009a) Gilia G. capitata (Pavela, 2009a) Glebionis G. coronarium (Pavela, 2008) Glossostemon G. bruguieri (Abdelghany et al., 2009) Glycina G. max and G. soja (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c) Grindelia G. camporum (Pavela, 2009a) Guazuma G. ulmifolia (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Gymnema G. sylvestre (Kamaraj et al., 2010) Gynandropsis G. gynandra (Lwande et al., 1999) Helichrysum H. italicum (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,b,c; Conti et al., 2010) Hibiscus H. sabdariffa (Abdelghany et al., 2009) Humulus H. japonicas (Pavela, 2008) Hypericum H. perforatum (Choi et al., 2006; Pavela, 2009a) Hyptis H. spicigera and H. suaveolens (Ilboudo et al., 2010) Hysopus H. officinalis (Pavela, 2008) Illicium I. verum (Ho et al., 1995; Choi et al., 2006) Imperatoria I. ostruthium (Pavela, 2009a) Inula I. auriculata (Pavela, 2009a), I. britanica and I. helenium (Pavela, 2008), I. racemosa (Liu et al., 2006) Ipomea I. carnea (Senthilkumar et al., 2009) Jacobaea J. maritime (Pavela, 2009a) Jasminum J. grandiflorum (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c) Jatropha J. curcas (Abdul Rahuman et al., 2008a), J. gossypifolia (Abdul Rahuman et al., 2008b) Juniperus J. communis (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,b,c; Choi et al., 2006; Pavela (2009b), J. macropoda (Prajapati et al., 2005), J. virginiana (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,b,c (continued on next page) Potentiality of plants as source of insecticide principles 927

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Table 1 (continued) Botanical name Species (References) Justicia J. gendarussa (Senthilkumar et al., 2009), J. procumbens (Kamaraj et al., 2010) Kaempferia K. galangal (Choochote et al., 2007) Laburnum L. anagyroides (Pavela, 2008) Lantana L. camara (Bouda et al., 2001; Verma and Verma, 2006) Lapasana L. intermedia (Pavela, 2009a) Launaea L. arborescens (Jbilou et al., 2008) Laurus L. nobilis (Erler et al., 2006; Isikber et al., 2006; Cosimi et al., 2009; Pavela, 2009b), L. novocanariensis (Rodilla et al., 2008) Lavandula L. angustifolia (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a-c; Pavela, 2009b; Conti et al., 2010; Pirali-Kheirabadi and da Silva 2010), L. hybrid (Cosimi et al., 2009), L. luisieri (Gonzalez-Coloma et al., 2006), L. officinalis (Choi et al., 2006; Pavela 2008), L. stoechas (Sertkaya et al., 2010) Leptospermum L. scoparium (George et al., 2009) Limonium L. Bonduelii (Pavela, 2008) Linaria L. genistifolia (Pavela, 2008) Lippia L. aff. Gracilis (Lima et al., 2008), L. citriodora (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a-c), L. javanica and L. ukambensis (Omolo et al., 2004), L. multiflora (Ilboudo et al., 2010), L. rugosa (Tatsadjieu et al., 2010), L. sidoides (Cavalcanti et al., 2010) Litsea L. cubeba (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c) Lobelia L. siphilitica (Pavela, 2009a) Lythrum L. salicaria (Pavela, 2009a), L. virgatum (Pavela, 2008) Maesa M. lanceolata (Tadesse et al., 2009) Matricaria M. chamomilla (Abdelghany et al., 2009; Khater et al., 2009), M. maritima (Pavela, 2008) Matthiola M. tricuspidata (Pavela, 2008) Maytenus M. rigida (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Medicago M. romanica (Pavela, 2008) Melaleuca M. alternifolia (Choi et al., 2006; Pavela, 2009b), M. leucadendron and M. quinquenervia (Amer and Mehlhorn 2006a,c) Melia M. azedarach (Kebede et al., 2010) Melilotus M. albus (Pavela, 2009a) Melissa M. officinalis (Pavela, 2008; Koliopoulos et al., 2010) Mentha M. longifolia and M. suaveolens (Koliopoulos et al., 2010), M. piperita (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c; Erler et al., 2006; Khater et al., 2009), M. pulegium (George et al., 2009), M. spicata (Koliopoulos et al., 2010; Sertkaya et al., 2010) Micromeria M. fruticosa (C¸ almasur et al., 2006) Mimosa M. pudica (Kamaraj et al., 2010) Myristica M. fragrans (Choi et al., 2006; Senthilkumar et al., 2009) Myrtus M. communis (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a-c; Conti et al., 2010) Nepeta N. cataria (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c; Pavela, 2009b), N. racemosa (C¸ almasur et al., 2006) Nigella N. sativa (Prajapati et al., 2005) Ocimum O. americanum (Ilboudo et al., 2010), O. basilicum (Prajapati et al., 2005; Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c; Erler et al., 2006; Kostic et al., 2008; Lopez et al., 2008; Pavela, 2008; Dugassa et al., 2009; Maurya et al., 2009; Pavela, 2009b; Martinez￾Velazquez et al., 2011), Ocimum canum (Tchoumbougnang et al., 2009), O. gratissimum (Tchoumbougnang et al., 2009; Tatsadjieu et al., 2010), O. kenyense and O.kilimandscharicum (Bekele and Hassanali, 2001), O. selloi (de Paula et al., 2003), O. suave (Dugassa et al., 2009) Olea O. europaea (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c) Onobrychis O. miniata (Pavela, 2009a) Onopordon O. acanthium (Pavela, 2009a) Origanum O. majorana (Abdelghany et al., 2009), O. onites (Sertkaya et al., 2010), O. vulgare (C¸ almasur et al., 2006; Pavela, 2008; Kim et al., 2010) Otanthus O. maritimus (Pavela, 2008) Pedilanthus P. tithymaloides (Abdul Rahuman et al., 2008a) Peganum P. harmala (Jbilou et al., 2008) Pelargonium Pelargonium (Choi et al., 2006), P. graveolens (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c), P. roseum (Pavela, 2009b) Perovskia P. abrotanoides (Arabi et al., 2008) Persea P. gratissima caertim (Choi et al., 2006) Petroselinum P. crispum (Knio et al., 2008) Phyllanthus P. amarus (Abdul Rahuman et al., 2008a) Physalis P. alkekengi (Pavela, 2009a) Picea P. excelsa and P. excelsa (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c) Pimenta P. dioica (Pavela, 2009b; Martinez-Velazquez et al., 2011) Pimpinella P. anisum (Prajapati et al., 2005; Erler et al., 2006; Knio et al., 2008; Abdelghany et al., 2009) Piper P. aduncum (Silva et al., 2009), P. capense (Matasyoh et al., 2011), P. gaudichaudianum, P. hostmanianum, P. humaytanum and P. permucronatum (de Morais et al., 2007), Piper marginatum (Autran et al., 2009), P. nigrum (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a-c; Choi et al., 2006), P. sarmentosum (Qin et al., 2010) Plectranthus P. marrubioides (Omolo et al., 2004), P. punctatus (Tadesse et al., 2009) Plumbago P. zeylanica (Patil et al. (2010) Pogostemin P. cablin (Choi et al., 2006) Polygala P. comosa (Pavela, 2009a) 928 S. Zoubiri, A. Baaliouamer

Potentiality of plants as source of insecticide principles Botanical name Specics (References) (C) amer and mehlhor 2006.d Choi et Isikber et:Khater et (P 209 Mchhom.Choi ct Pavela.2009) 2009a 2009 有 20aea2008 caL2003) uman et al,2008b) e (P h (Orete er0vgare (srocaue ct al 100:Paveta.200s:2009b) e(P and Hussein.).T.capit 2009ab7 ) and 2009a Choi et al

Table 1 (continued) Botanical name Species (References) Potentila P. erecta (Pavela, 2009a) Prosopis P. juliflora (Senthilkumar et al., 2009) Prunus P. armeniaca (Choi et al., 2006) Psoralea P. bituminosa (Pavela, 2009a) Pteridium P. aquilinum (Jbilou et al., 2008) Pyrethrum P. corymbosum (Pavela, 2009a) Raphanus R. raphanistrum (Jbilou et al., 2008) Ravensara R. aromatica (Choi et al., 2006; Pavela, 2009b) Reseda R. odorata (Pavela, 2009a) Reynoutria R. bohemica and R. sachalinensis (Pavela, 2009a) Ricinus R. communis (Senthilkumar et al., 2009) Rosmarinus R. officinalis (Prajapati et al., 2005; Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c; Choi et al., 2006; Isikber et al., 2006; Khater et al., 2009; Pavela, 2009b; Conti et al., 2010) Rubia R. tinctorum (Pavela, 2009a) Salix S. alba (Choi et al., 2006) Salvia S. farinacea (Pavela, 2008; Koliopoulos et al., 2010), S. glutinosa (Pavela, 2009a), S. officinalis (Choi et al., 2006; Pavela, 2008), S pomifera (Koliopoulos et al., 2010), S. ringens, S verbenaca and S. viridis (Pavela, 2008), S. sclarea (Amer and Mehlhorn 2006a,c; Pavela, 2009b) Santaium S. album (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a-c; Choi et al., 2006; Pavela, 2009b) Saponaria S. officinalis (Pavela, 2009a) Saraca S. asoca (Singh and Singh, 2009) Sassafras S. albidum (Choi et al., 2006) Satureja S. hortensis (Pavela, 2008; 2009b), S. nervosa (Pavela, 2008), S. thymbra (Cetin et al., 2010) Schinus S. terebinthifolius (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Schisandra S. chinensis (Pavela, 2009a) Scrophularia S. nodosa (Pavela, 2009a) Sedum S. rosea (Pavela, 2009a) Seseli S. pallasii (Pavela, 2009a), S. tortuosum (Pavela, 2008) Sideritis S. euxina and S. montana (Pavela, 2008) Silphium S. perfoliatum (Pavela, 2009a) Simarouba S. amara (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Simmondsia S. chinensis (Choi et al., 2006) Solanum S. torvum (Abdul Rahuman et al., 2008b) Sonchus S. arvensis (Pavela, 2008) Stachys S. byzantina (Pavela, 2009a), S. cretica (Pavela, 2008) Swietenia S. macrophylla (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Symphytum S. officinale (Pavela, 2009a) Syzygium S. aromaticum (Ho et al., 1994) Tabebuia T. avellanedae (Choi et al., 2006) Tagetes T. minuta (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c), T. patula (Dharmagadda et al., 2005) Tanacetum T. parthenium (Pavela et al., 2010), T. vulgare (Larocque et al., 1999; Pavela, 2008; 2009b) Tarchonanthus T. camphoratus (Omolo et al., 2004) Tetradenia T. riparia (Omolo et al., 2004) Teucrium T. chamaedrys and T. hircanicum (Pavela, 2009a), T. leucocladum (El-Shazly and Hussein, 2004), T. capitatum, T. chamaedrys and T. polium (Pavela, 2008) Thuja T. occidentalis (Choi et al., 2006), T. orientalis (Singh and Singh, 2009) Thymbra T. spicata (Sertkaya et al., 2010) Thymus T. capitatus (Pavela, 2008), T. fragrantissimus and T. serphyllum (Pavela, 2009a), T. satureoides (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,b,c; Pavela, 2009a,b), T. vugaris (Choi et al., 2006; Knio et al., 2008; Pavela, 2008; George et al., 2009; Pavela,2009b; Pavela et al., 2009Tchoumbougnang et al., 2009) Trifolium T. arvense (Pavela, 2009a) Trigonella T. foenum-graecum (Tang et al., 2007) Tropaeolum T. majus (Pavela, 2009a) Verbascum V. pinnatifidum (Pavela, 2008) Verbena V. hirta and V. officinalis (Pavela, 2009a) Vernonia V. brasiliana (de Mendonc¸a et al., 2005) Vincetoxicum V. hirundinaria (Pavela, 2009a) Viola V. odorata (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,c) Vitex V. pseudo-negundo (Sahaf and Moharramipour, 2008) Xeranthemum X. cylindraceum (Pavela, 2009a) Xylopia X. aethiopica (Nguemtchouin et al., 2010; Tatsadjieu et al., 2010) Yucca Y. schidigera (Choi et al., 2006) Zanthoxylum Z. limonella (Pitasawat et al., 2007), Z. piperitum (Choochote et al., 2007) Zingiber Z. cassumunar (Pavela, 2009b), Z. officinale (Prajapati et al., 2005; Ukeh et al., 2009; Pushpanathan et al., 2008), Z. zerumbet (Kamaraj et al., 2010) Potentiality of plants as source of insecticide principles 929

930 S.Zoubiri.A.Baaliouamer Insect testec Dose tality/letha dose activity Reference 211.3Ppm328.0ppm Larvicidal Aedes 0 Cheng et al.(209a 24h T48 C.dentata Aedes aegypti Larvicidal Rajkumar and Jebanesan (2010 LC50:LC90 28-567gmL:118- Larvicidal Cheng et al.(2009c Aedes afbopictu LC50:LC90 24h Rhipicephalus microphes Larvicida HL/cm2.42 pL/cm2 LCS0:LC80 ne出 88 MacidetLeoi0 Tapondjou (2005) .r cm2 &r L. m optera littorali 19±9% . olo ct al (20 Culex pipien LD50:LD90 mg/L:106.75 mg/L at Larvicidal Koliopoulos ct al.(2010) 48h

Table 2 Plant essential oil showing insecticidal activity. Plant Insect tested Dose Mortality / lethal dose / lethal time Tested activity Reference A. millefolium Aedes albopictus LD50; LD90 211.3 ppm; 328.0 ppm Larvicidal Conti et al. (2010) A. vestita Sitophilus zeamais LC50 50.62 lg/adult Contact Chu et al. (2010) 13.42 mg/L air Fumigant C. osmophloeum Aedes albopictus LC50 40.8 – 144.4 lg/mL after 24 h Larvicidal Cheng et al. (2009a) LC50 30.5 – 124.3 lg/mL after 48 h LC90 81.7 – >400.0 lg/mL after 24 h LC90 65.6 – 368.7 lg/mL after 48 h C. dentata Aedes aegypti LC50; LC90 140.2 mg/L; 341.6 mg/L at 24 h Larvicidal Rajkumar and Jebanesan (2010) C. newii Anopheles gambiae RD50 (·10-5) 8.9 mg/cm2 Repellent Omolo et al. (2004) C. sativum Ochlerotatus caspius LC50;LC90 156 lg/mL; 303.8 lg/mL at 24 h Larvicidal Knio et al. (2008) 123.1 lg/mL; 230.2 lg/mL at 48 h C. japonica Aedes aegypti LC50; LC90 28.4 – 56.7 lg/mL; 111.8 – 153.9 lg/mL at 24 h Larvicidal Cheng et al. (2009c) Aedes albopictus LC50; LC90 51.2 – 57.9 lg/mL; 177.5 – 187.0 lg/mL at 24 h C. cyminum Rhipicephalus microplus 1.25% (100.00 ± 0.0)% Larvicidal Martinez-Velazquez et al. (2011) C. sempervirens Sitophilus zeamais LD50; LD95 0.84 lL/cm2 ; 3.65 lL/cm2 Contact Tapondjou et al. (2005) Tribolium confusum LD50; LD95 RC: V Repellent 0.74 lL/cm2 ; 2.42 lL/cm2 Contact RC: V Repellent C. citratus Anopheles gambiae LC50; LC80 18 ± 0.7 mg/L; 25 ± 1.1 mg/L Larvicidal Tchoumbougnang et al. (2009) D. morbifera Aedes aegypti LC50; LC90 62.32 ppm; 131.21 ppm Larvicidal Chung et al. (2009) E. camaldulensis Aedes aegypti LC50; LC90 31.0 lg/mL; 71.8 lg/mL Larvicidal Cheng et al. (2009b) Aedes albopictus LC50; LC90 55.3 lg/mL; 192.4 lg/mL E. citriodora Lutzomyia longipalpis 3.2 mg/mL (63.21 ± 1.35)% Larvicidal Maciel et al. (2010) E. globules Lutzomyia longipalpis 35 mg/mL (78.47 ± 3.20)% Larvicidal Maciel et al. (2010) E. saligna Sitophilus zeamais LD50; LD95 0.36 lL/cm2 ; 1.33 lL/cm2 Contact Tapondjou et al. (2005) Tribolium confusum LD50; LD95 RC: IV Repellent 0.48 lL/cm2 ; 1.20 lL/cm2 Contact RC: V Repellent E. staigeriana Lutzomyia longipalpis 4 mg/mL (73.44 ± 1.64)% Larvicidal Maciel et al. (2010) E. urophylla Aedes aegypti LC50; LC90 95.5 lg/mL; 166.3 lg/mL Larvicidal Cheng et al. (2009b) Aedes albopictus LC50; LC90 285.8 lg/mL; >400.0 lg/mL E. caryophyllata Psoroptes cuniculi. 10% 77.88% Acaricide Fichi et al. (2007) F. oolepis Tribolium castaneum 0.5 mg/cm2 21% after 24 h Contact Garcıa et al. (2007) Myzus persicae ED50 (5.34–82.72) lg/cm2 Antifeedant F. vulgare Aedes albopictus LD50;LD90 142.9 ppm; 239.2 ppm Larvicidal Conti et al. (2010) G. gynandra Rhipicephalus appendiculatus 0.01 lL (89.9 ± 0.0)% Repellent Lwande et al. (1999) 0.1 lL (98.9 ± 0.0)% H. italicum Aedes albopictus LD50;LD90 178.1 ppm; 288.6 ppm Larvicidal Conti et al. (2010) L. nobilis Tribolium confusum 172.6 mg/L LT50: 58.98 h; LT90: 77.17 h Larvicidal Isikber et al. (2006) LT50: 54.82 h; LT90: 67.25 h Adulticide L. novocanariensis Spodoptera littoralis 100 lg/cm2 (5 – 36)% Antifeedant Rodilla et al. (2008) Leptinotarsa decemlineata (47 – 79)% Rhopalosiphum padi (32 – 80)% Myzus persicae (25 – 71)% L. angustifolia Aedes albopictus LD50;LD90 >250 ppm Larvicidal Conti et al. (2010) L. luisieri Spodoptera littoralis 11 lg/cm2 (64 ± 12 – 19 ± 9)% Antifeedant Gonzalez-Coloma et al. (2006) Leptinotarsa decemlineata (77 ± 8 – 0)% L. stoechas Tetranychus cinnabarinus LC50;LC90 2.92 lL/mL; 13.0 lL/mL Acaricide Sertkaya et al. (2010) L. aff. gracilis Aedes aegypti LC50 56.2 ± 0.4 Larvicidal Lima et al. (2008) L. javanica Anopheles gambiae RD50 (·10-5) 26 mg/cm2 Repellent Omolo et al. (2004) L. sidoides Tetranychus urticae LC50 0.001 – 0.014 lL/L Acaricide Cavalcanti et al. (2010) L. ukambensis Anopheles gambiae RD50 (·10-5) 43 mg/cm2 Repellent Omolo et al. (2004) M. officinalis Culex pipiens LD50;LD90 61.25 mg/L; 88.62 mg/L at 48 h Larvicidal Koliopoulos et al. (2010) M. longifolia Culex pipiens LD50;LD90 78.28 mg/L; 106.75 mg/L at 48 h Larvicidal Koliopoulos et al. (2010) 930 S. Zoubiri, A. Baaliouamer

Potentiality of plants as source of insecticide principles 931 Table (cm Plant Insect tested Dose M.pica Culex piplens LD50:LD90 52.85 mg/L:79.06 mg/L at Larvicidal Koliopoulos et a (2010) 85mL155ml s mg/L:64.35 mg/Lat LDS0:LD90 LCS0:LC80 Anopheles gambia LC50:LC80 Larvicida Tchoumbougnang et al.(2009 MLD 085mm MLD Adulticide Bekele and Hassanali (2001) P.cri古m Ochlerotatus caspius LC50:LC90 eaLa2igh Larvicida Knio et al.(2008 2 ug/mL:96.1 ug/mL at LC50:LC90 de Morais et al.(2007) Aedes aegypr Aedes aegypr Aedes aegypri 192ppm19.9 Larvicida Autran et al(209) 7ug/mL after 24 hLa 点 mg/cm 172.6mg/L T0244 Isikber et al.(2006 S.fruticosa Culex pipiens LD50:LD90 mg/L:5 mg/L at Larvicidal Koliopoulos et al.(2010) S.pomifera Culex pipiens LDS0:LD90 6 mg/L:98.54 mg/L at Larvicidal Koliopoulos et al.(2010) LC50;LC90 I ug/mL;45.5 ug/mL at Larvicidal Pavela (2009b) Aedes aegypti LC50:LC90 57 ppm:37.91 ppm after Larvicidal Dharmagadda) LC50:LC90 ppm:71.89 ppm after LC50:LC90 ppm:57.62 ppm afer T.parthati d El-Shazh and Hu (2004 L/ml ed on next page

Table 2 (continued) Plant Insect tested Dose Mortality / lethal dose / lethal time Tested activity Reference M. spicata Culex pipiens LD50;LD90 52.85 mg/L; 79.06 mg/L at 48 h Larvicidal Koliopoulos et al. (2010) M. spicata Tetranychus cinnabarinus LC50;LC90 1.83 lL/mL; 7.55 lL/mL Acaricide Sertkaya et al. (2010) M. suaveolens Culex pipiens LD50;LD90 47.88 mg/L; 64.35 mg/L at 48 h Larvicidal Koliopoulos et al. (2010) M. communis Aedes albopictus LD50;LD90 >250 ppm Larvicidal Conti et al. (2010) O. basilicum Rhipicephalus microplus 1.25% (13.64 ± 2.76)% Larvicidal Martinez-Velazquez et al. (2011) O. canum Anopheles gambiae LC50;LC80 201 ± 0.9 mg/L; 300 ± 1.5 mg/L Larvicidal Tchoumbougnang et al. (2009) O. gratissimum Anopheles gambiae LC50;LC80 180 ± 0.8 mg/L; 270 ± 1.3 mg/L Larvicidal Tchoumbougnang et al. (2009) O. kenyense Sitophilus zeamais MLD 2.0 mg/cm2 Adulticide Bekele and Hassanali (2001) 0.85 mg/cm2 Rhyzopertha dominica O. kilimandscharicum Sitophilus zeamais MLD 1.44 mg/cm2 Adulticide Bekele and Hassanali (2001) Rhyzopertha dominica 0.8 mg/cm2 O. selloi Anopheles braziliensis 10% 89.0% Repellent de Paula et al. (2003) O. onites Tetranychus cinnabarinus LC50;LC90 0.69 lL/mL; 3.14 lL/mL Acaricide Sertkaya et al. (2010) P. abrotanoides Sitophilus oryzae 32 lL/L air TL50: 11.54 h; TL90: 17.55 h Fumigant Arabi et al. (2008) Tribolium castaneum TL50: 4.53 h; TL90: 9.21 h P. crispum Ochlerotatus caspius LC50;LC90 34.3 lg/mL; 62.2 lg/mL at 24 h Larvicidal Knio et al. (2008) 23.4 lg/mL; 42.2 lg/mL at 48 h P. dioica Rhipicephalus microplus 1.25% (0.00 ± 0.0)% Larvicidal Martinez-Velazquez et al. (2011) P. anisum Ochlerotatus caspius LC50;LC90 65.07 lg/mL; 136.8 lg/mL at 24 h Larvicidal Knio et al. (2008) 38.2 lg/mL; 96.1 lg/mL at 48 h P. gaudichaudianum Aedes aegypti LC50; LC90 121 lg/mL;169 lg/mL after 24 h Larvicidal de Morais et al. (2007) P. hostmanianum Aedes aegypti LC50; LC90 54 lg/mL;72 lg/mL after 24 h Larvicidal de Morais et al. (2007) P. humaytanum Aedes aegypti LC50; LC90 156 lg/mL;227 lg/mL after 24 h Larvicidal de Morais et al. (2007) P. marginatum Aedes aegypti LC10; LC50 14.8 – 19.2 ppm; 19.9 – 23.8 ppm Larvicidal Autran et al. (2009) P. permucronatum Aedes aegypti LC50; LC90 36 lg/mL;47 lg/mL after 24 h Larvicidal de Morais et al. (2007) P. sarmentosum Brontispa longissima 100 mg/L (8.16 – 50.32)% Antifeedant Qin et al. (2010) 500 mg/L (18.98 – 61.29)% P. marrubioides Anopheles gambiae RD50 (·10-5) 8.9 mg/cm2 Repellent Omolo et al. (2004) R. officinalis Aedes albopictus LD50;LD90 >250 ppm Larvicidal Conti et al. (2010) Tribolium confusum 172.6 mg/L LT50: 31.64 h; LT90: 57.89 h Larvicidal Isikber et al. (2006) LT50: 24.49 h; LT90: 37.54 h Adulticidal S. fruticosa Culex pipiens LD50;LD90 91.45 mg/L; 138.58 mg/L at 48 h Larvicidal Koliopoulos et al. (2010) S. pomifera Culex pipiens LD50;LD90 79.46 mg/L; 98.54 mg/L at 48 h Larvicidal Koliopoulos et al. (2010) S. hortensis Culex quinquefasciatus LC50;LC90 36.1 lg/mL; 45.5 lg/mL at 24 h Larvicidal Pavela (2009b) T. patula Aedes aegypti LC50;LC90 13.57 ppm; 37.91 ppm after 24 h Larvicidal Dharmagadda et al. (2005) Culex quinquefasciatus LC50;LC90 22.33 ppm; 71.89 ppm after 24 h Anopheles stephensi LC50;LC90 12.08 ppm; 57.62 ppm after 24 h T. parthenium Spodoptera littoralis LD50;LD90 0.05 lL/g; 0.18 lL/g. Larvicidal Pavela et al. (2010) T. camphoratus Anopheles gambiae RD50 (·10-5) 240 mg/cm2 Repellent Omolo et al. (2004) T. riparia Anopheles gambiae RD50 (·10-5) 50 mg/cm2 Repellent Omolo et al. (2004) T. leucocladum Culex pipiens LC50 14.55 – 17.63 ppm Larvicidal El-Shazly and Hussein (2004) T. spicata Tetranychus cinnabarinus LC50;LC90 0.53 lL/mL; 1.83 lL/mL Acaricide Sertkaya et al. (2010) (continued on next page) Potentiality of plants as source of insecticide principles 931

92 S.Zoubiri.A.Baaliouame Table 2 (contimed) Plan nsect teste Dose Tested activity LC50:LC90 43.6 pg/mL:81.5 ug/mL at Larvicidal Pavela (2009b) Anopheles gamhiae LCSO:LC80 119±15mg/ Larvicidal Tchoumbougnang etal.(2009) LC50:LC90 9 ug/mL:99.1 us/mL at Larvicidal P3ea2009b) Ochlerotatus LC50:LC90 15e37e加La24 Larvicidal Knio et al.(2008) :RD:repell ED:eftective dose;LT:leth al time:MLD:Minimum lethal dose,RC:repellenc Table 3 Plant essential oil five major components. Plant Five maior components (% ene (12),bomeol (.1). Conti et al.(2010) ae4s8.camphor(137 China Chu et al.(2010) )e Taiwar Cheng et al.(2009a (md ( India Rajkumar and Jebanesan (21 C.ew市i cincol Kenya .1 0983 Lebanor Knio et al.(2008) Taiwan e(68 T-le inene (16) -caren Mexico Martinez-Velazquez et al.(2011 C.sempervirens ).-pincne9.9】 Camcroon Tapondiou et al.(2005) C.citratus Cameroun Tchoumbougnang et al (209) D.morbifera satoa Chung et al.(2009) Taiwar Cheng ct al.(2009b nellal (71.77).( Brazil Maciel et al.(2010) E.globules oinene (4.15).o. Brazil Maciel et al.(2010) Tapondjou ct al.(2005 E.staigeriana E-citral (14.16),Z-citral (10.7) Brazil Maciel et al.(2010) 1.-Cineol(584). ate (14.87).a-Pinene Taiwar Cheng et al.(2009b) 1(593),- phyllene (24.9 Italy Fichi et al.(2007) F.oolepis dine Spain Gareia et al.(2007) Contiet) (11.8,E opentanol( nalol(3.3》 Kenya Lwande ct al.(1999) y Conti et al.2010) y-curcumene (87)neril propionate (6.4)

Table 2 (continued) Plant Insect tested Dose Mortality / lethal dose / lethal time Tested activity Reference T. satureoides Culex quinquefasciatus LC50;LC90 43.6 lg/mL; 81.5 lg/mL at 24 h Larvicidal Pavela (2009b) T. vulgaris Anopheles gambiae LC50;LC80 119 ± 1.5 mg/L; 147 ± 2.4 mg/L Larvicidal Tchoumbougnang et al. (2009) Culex quinquefasciatus LC50;LC90 32.9 lg/mL; 99.1 lg/mL at 24 h Larvicidal Pavela (2009b) Ochlerotatus caspius LC50;LC90 15 lg/mL; 37 lg/mL at 24 h Larvicidal Knio et al. (2008) 13.5 lg/mL; 31 lg/mL at 48 h LD: lethal dose; LC: lethal concentration; RD: repellent dose; ED: effective dose; LT: lethal time; MLD: Minimum lethal dose; RC: repellency class. Table 3 Plant essential oil five major components. Plant Five major components (%) Origine Reference A. millefolium Eucalyptol (14.2), b-pinene (12.4), borneol (7.1), sabinene (6.8), camphene (6.3) Italy Conti et al. (2010) A. vestita Grandisol (40.29), 1,8-cineol (14.88), camphor (11.37), germacrene D (7.56), c-elemene (3.88) China Chu et al. (2010) C. osmophloeum Linalool (0 – 95.13), trans-cinnamaldehyde (0 – 91.9), camphor (0 – 56.78), cinnamyl acetate (0 - 59.65), L￾Bornyl acetate (0 – 21.53) Taiwan Cheng et al. (2009a) C. dentata Sabinene (21.27), biofloratriene (19.61), borneol (18.57), b-bisabolol (17.68), d-cadinol (4.61) India Rajkumar and Jebanesan (2010) C. newii Perillaldehyde (29.28), limonene (10.06), 1,8-cineol (6.84), perillyl alcohol (4.27), geraniol (1.17) Kenya Omolo et al. (2004) C. sativum Linalool (57.11), trans-anethol (19.83), c-terpinene (3.83), geranyl acetate (3.2), a-pinene (1.8) Lebanon Knio et al. (2008) C. japonica 16-Kaurene (19.53 – 20.69), elemol (18.30 – 19.05), sabinene (6.81 – 10.83), (–)-terpinen-4-ol (6.19 – 8.83), c-eudesmol (6.27 – 7.16) Taiwan Cheng et al. (2009c) C. cyminum Cuminaldehyde (22.03), c-terpinene (15.69), 2-caren- 10-al (12.89), o-cymene (7.39), b-pinene (6.58) Mexico Martinez-Velazquez et al. (2011) C. sempervirens Sabinene (14.8), terpinene (11.4), a-pinene (9.9), terpinene (5.7), a-terpinene (4.2) Cameroon Tapondjou et al. (2005) C. citratus Geranial (39.3), neral (21.9), geraniol (15.6), myrcene (14.0), borneol (2) Cameroun Tchoumbougnang et al. (2009) D. morbifera c-Elemene (18.59), tetramethyltricyclohydrocarbon (10.82), b-zingibirene (10.52), b-selinene (10.41), c￾cubebene (4.19) Korea Chung et al. (2009) E. camaldulensis a-Pinene (22.52), p-cymene (21.69), a-phellandrene (20.08), 1,8-cineol (9.48), limonene (4.56) Taiwan Cheng et al. (2009b) E. citriodora b-Citronellal (71.77), (-) isopulegol (7.3), isopulegol (4.3), b-citronellol (2.9), a-pinene (1.1) Brazil Maciel et al. (2010) E. globules 1,8-cineol (83.89), limonene (8.16), a-pinene (4.15), o￾cymene (2.93) Brazil Maciel et al. (2010) E. saligna b-pinene (39.5), p-cymene (31.1), 1,8-cineol (9.8), terpinene (9.5), terpineol (3.7) Cameroon Tapondjou et al. (2005) E. staigeriana Limonene (28.82), E-citral (14.16), Z-citral (10.77), a￾terpinolene (9.4), 1,8-cineol (5.30) Brazil Maciel et al. (2010) E. urophylla 1,8-Cineol (58.34), a-terpenyl acetate (14.87), a-Pinene (6.25), cis-ocimene (3.55), a-terpineol (3.04) Taiwan Cheng et al. (2009b) E. caryophyllata Eugenol (59.3), b-caryophyllene (24.9), eugenyl acetate (4.2), d-cadinene (3.6), a-humulene (2.8) Italy Fichi et al. (2007) F. oolepis c-gurjunene (20.69), d-cadinene (10.27), 2-methylene- 4,8,8-trimethyl-4-vinyl-bicyclo[5.2.0]nonane (10.15), santolinetriene (6.22), s-muurolene (6.14) Spain Garcıa et al. (2007) F. vulgare Methyl clavicol (43.5), a-phellandrene (16.0), fenchone (11.8), (E)-anethol (9.8), myrcene (4.2) Italy Conti et al. (2010) G. gynandra Carvacrol (29.2), trans-phytol (24.0), linalool (13.3), trans-2-Methyl cyclopentanol (7.2), 1-a-terpineol (3.3) Kenya Lwande et al. (1999) H. italicum Neril acetate (25.3), a-pinene (14.5), limonene (12.3), c-curcumene (8.7), neril propionate (6.4) Italy Conti et al. (2010) 932 S. Zoubiri, A. Baaliouamer

Potentiality of plants as source of insecticide principles 933 Plant Five major components(%) Ongine Reference L Nobilis Turkey Isikber et al.(2006) Madeira Rodilla et al (2008) p2 (33.9).camphor (13.8).camphene (13.7). Conti ct al.(2010) e-23.4.4 Gonzalez-Coloma et aL (2006 L.stoecha 8 Turkey Sertkaya et aL (2010) a-terpine Lima et al.(2008) erbenol (11.33 ne2.58.x Kenya 0moloetaL(2004 L.sidoide Brazil Cavaleanti et al.(2010) 63).1.8-cineol (.42) Kenya Omolo et al.(004) eol(1.1 oxide (13.2) cne (1).P-pinene()(E)-caryophyllene 00.2 (5154.7).lin (20.0).piperitenone (5.0).B Turkey Sertkays et al (2010) Koliopoulos et al.(2010) nene (6.4).spathuleno 52. M.aaolean ? Koliopouloset al(2010) imonene (7.6). Italy Conti ct al.(2010) 0.basilicum ()-famesene (696) Mexico Martinez-Velazquez et al.(2011 0.camm (7) Cameroun Tchoumbougnang et al.(2009 O.gratissimun Cameroun Tchoumbougnang et al.(2009 O.kenyense 57).mcth ( (823. ( Kenya Bekele and Hassanali (2001) ne(623) Kenya Bekele and Hassanali (2001 2. Brazil de Paula et al.(2003) Turkey Sertkaya et al(201) P.abrotanoldes &-3-carene(7.45),- Iran Arabi et al(2008】 P.crispum erpinene(15). Lebanon Knio et al.(2008 P.dioica 1(62.7).cugenol (3)1.-cincol (4.1). Mexico Martinez-Velazquez et al (011) Lebanon Knio et al.(2008 (continued on next poge)

Table 3 (continued) Plant Five major components (%) Origine Reference L. Nobilis 1,8-cineole (54.71), sabinene (9.19), a-terpinyl acetate (6.95), a-pinene (5.34), b-pinene (4.28) Turkey Isikber et al. (2006) L. novocanariensis a-pinene (8.8 – 22.4), 1,8-cineole (1.2 – 17.0), b-pinene (6.4 – 15.6), D3-carene (1.1 – 5.6), a-terpenyl acetate (0.2 – 4.7) Madeira Rodilla et al. (2008) L. angustifolia Fenchone (33.9), camphor (13.8), camphene (13.7), a￾pinene (6.8), bornyl acetate (5.3) Italy Conti et al. (2010) L. luisieri Camphor (53.7 – 1.8), 5-Methylene-2,3,4,4- tetramethylcyclopent-2-enone (38.3 – 5.8), 1,8-cineole (20.6 – 0.4), viridiflorol (12.1 – 0.3), fenchone (22.0 – 0.0) Egypt Gonzalez-Coloma et al. (2006) L. stoechas a-Thujone (65.78 ± 1.1), L-camphor (18.44 ± 0.5), 1,8-cineol (7.76 ± 0.1), bornyl acetate (2.83 ± 0.07), fenchyl acetate (1.15 ± 0.03) Turkey Sertkaya et al. (2010) L. aff. gracilis Carvacrol (54.4), p-cymene (10.7), a-terpinene (8.0), trans-caryophyllene (6.1), bicyclogermacrene (5.1) Brazil Lima et al. (2008) L. javanica Limonene oxide (38.99), cis-verbenol (11.33), verbenone (6.06), linalool (2.69), limonene (2.58), a￾terpineol (2.04) Kenya Omolo et al. (2004) L. sidoides Thymol (7.25 – 70.36), carvacrol (0.30 – 46.09), c￾terpinene (2.34 – 15.49), p-cymene (8.36 – 15.06), b￾caryophyllene (0.19 – 8.81) Brazil Cavalcanti et al. (2010) L. ukambensis Camphor (39.84), camphene (8.63), 1,8-cineol (2.42), c-terpinene (1.42), borneol (1.14) Kenya Omolo et al. (2004) M. officinalis Terpinen-4-ol (15.8), caryophyllene oxide (13.2), sabinene (12.9), b-pinene (12.1), (E)-caryophyllene (10.2) Greece Koliopoulos et al. (2010) M. longifolia Carvone (54.7), limonene (20.0), piperitenone (5.0), b￾pinene (5), carvacrol (2.6) Greece Koliopoulos et al. (2010) M. spicata L-Carvone (59.35 ± 0.5), limonene (9.87 ± 0.2), 1,8- cineol (7.35 ± 0.02), b-caryophyllene (3.08 ± 0.01), trans-dihydrocarvone (2.68 ± 0.04) Turkey Sertkaya et al. (2010) Piperitenone oxide (35.7), 1.8-cineol (14.5), trans￾calamene (6.4), spathulenol (5.2), Dehydroedulan II (4.4) Greece Koliopoulos et al. (2010) M. suaveolens Piperitenone oxide (62.4), Dehydroedulan II (4.1), trans-calamene (2.7), 1,10-di-epi-Cubenol (1.4), a￾cadinol (1.2) Greece Koliopoulos et al. (2010) M. communis a-Pinene (51.8), eucalyptol (24.6), limonene (7.6), Myrtenyl acetate (2.4), linalool (1.8) Italy Conti et al. (2010) O. basilicum Linalool (30.61), estragol (20.04), a-farnesene (6.96), eugenol (6.61), 1,8-cineol (6.2) Mexico Martinez-Velazquez et al. (2011) O. canum Linalool (56.3), limonene (10.9), terpinen-4-ol (7.7), b￾humulene (3.5), 1,8-cineol (3.2) Cameroun Tchoumbougnang et al. (2009) O. gratissimum p-Cymene (32.1), thymol (24.3), (E)-b-ocimene (8.0), a-thujene (6.5), myrcene (5.5) Cameroun Tchoumbougnang et al. (2009) O. kenyense 1,8-Cineol (36.93), b-selinene (23.57), methyl chavicol (12.86), iso-eugenol (8.23), ethyl isovalerate (2.99) Kenya Bekele and Hassanali (2001) O. kilimandscharicum Camphor (70.43), 1,8-cineol (7.20), limonene (6.23), camphene (5.07), trans-caryophyllene (2.8) Kenya Bekele and Hassanali (2001) O. selloi Estragol (55.3), trans-anethol (34.2), cis-anethol (3.9), caryophyllene (2.1) Brazil de Paula et al. (2003) O. onites Carvacrol (68.23 ± 1.68), p-cymene (10.9 ± 0.46), c￾terpinene (6.94 ± 0.1), b-caryophyllene (2.54 ± 0.03), caryophyllene oxide (1.89 ± 0.02) Turkey Sertkaya et al. (2010) P. abrotanoides Camphor (28), 1,8-cineol (23.38), d-3-carene (7.45), a￾pinene (6.71), bornyl acetate (4.84) Iran Arabi et al. (2008) P. crispum Thymol (49.7), p-cymene (28.7), c-terpinene (15), trans-anethol (1.6), b-pinene (1.1) Lebanon Knio et al. (2008) P. dioica Methyl eugenol (62.7), eugenol (8.3), 1,8-cineol (4.1), caryophyllene (2.7), b-caryophyllene (2.47) Mexico Martinez-Velazquez et al. (2011) P. anisum trans-Anethol (76.7), anisalacetone (7.1), estragol (6.1), anisaldehyd (1.5) Lebanon Knio et al. (2008) (continued on next page) Potentiality of plants as source of insecticide principles 933

934 S.Zoubiri.A.Baaliouamer Table 3(contimed) s(% ( Brazi de Morais etal(007) rene D(6.82). (5( Brazil 33).B-opop de Moraiset al(2007) (Z)-A l(( Brazil Autran et al.(2009) de Morais et al (2007) China Qin et) ●ampl )() Keny Omolo ct al.(2004 R.officinal Italy Conti et al.(2010) camphor (7.67).B Turkey Isikber etal.(2006) (6.85 hene ( borncol (126). ol (69 r(1)-terpinene (36.7).p-cymene(4.7). Crech Pavela (2009b) T.patula e13.6 India Dharmagadda ct al.(2005) 83E pho trans-chr . 2.2 Prague Pavela et al.(2010) nene (66 hyl alcohol Kenya Omolo et al.(2004) 378 T.riparia Kenya Omolo ct al.(2004) Egyp El-Shazly and Hussein (2004 Turkey Sertkaya et al.(2010) (10.I).7-terpinene(5.3). Pavela (2009b Carvacro (6).thymol (p-ymene Lebanon Knio ct al.(2008】 Camerour Tchoumbougnang etal.(2009) e carvacrol (10.6).bornyl Czech Pavela (2009b) 3.5 cides and are convenient to use (Tapondjouet).In )Many scondary plant known for thei purposes (Maciel 2010) plants have a history of use as home remedies to kill or repe ).n s ha of plant metabolites for this purpose(Kam ai et al ty.har ated particularl ried out

cides and are convenient to use (Tapondjou et al., 2005). In this context, screening of natural products has received the attention of researchers around the world (Kebede et al., 2010). Many secondary plant metabolites are known for their insecticidal properties (Lopez et al., 2008), and in many cases plants have a history of use as home remedies to kill or repel insects (Kim et al., 2010). In recent decades, research on the interactions between plants and insects has revealed the poten￾tial use of plant metabolites for this purpose (Kamaraj et al., 2010). It is known that some chemical constituents of essential oils have insecticidal properties (Pavela, 2009b). In some stud￾ies, essential oils obtained from commercial sources were used (Amer and Mehlhorn, 2006a,b,c). Specific compounds isolated from plant extracts or essential oils were tested for fumigation purposes (Maciel et al., 2010). In the search for alternatives to conventional pesticides, essential oils extracted from aromatic plants have been widely investigated. Their toxicities on pests were of special interest during the last decade. With the objective of contributing to these studies, a literature search on the use of natural products (essential oils) which have already been evaluated particularly for insecticidal activity, has been carried out. Table 3 (continued) Plant Five major components (%) Origine Reference P. gaudichaudianum Viridiflorol (27.50), aromadendrene (15.55), b-selinene (10.50), ishawarane (10.00), selin-11-en-4alfa-ol (8.48) Brazil de Morais et al. (2007) P. hostmanianum Asaricin (27.37), myristicin (20.26), dillapiol (7.66), germacrene D (6.82), piperitone (5.58) Brazil de Morais et al. (2007) P. humaytanum Caryophyllele oxide (16.63), b-selinene (15.77), spathulenol (6.33), b-oplopenone (6.02), sesquicineole (5.03) Brazil de Morais et al. (2007) P. marginatum (Z)-Asarone (4.5 – 30.4), (E)-asarone (6.4 – 32.6), patchouli alcohol (16.0 – 25.7), (E)-caryophyllene (6.8 – 13.1), a-copaene (0.6 – 9.4) Brazil Autran et al. (2009) P. permucronatum Dillapiol (54.70), myristicin (25.61), elemicin (9.92), asaricin (8.55), b-pinene (0.32) Brazil de Morais et al. (2007) P. sarmentosum Myristicine (65.22), trans-caryophyllene (13.89), germacrene B (3.60), d-cadinene (1.896), a-copaene (1.81) China Qin et al. (2010) P. marrubioides Camphore (48.80), 1.8-cineol (9.00), p-cymene (3.08), a-terpinene (2.58), fenchone (1.75) Kenya Omolo et al. (2004) R. officinalis a-Pinene (39.2), eucalyptol (19.7), camphene (6.9), b￾pinene (6.4), camphor (4.6) Italy Conti et al. (2010) 1,8-cineol (43.12), a-pinene (11.58), camphor (7.67), b￾caryophyllene (7.44), borneol (6.85) Turkey Isikber et al. (2006) S. fruticosa Camphor (23.1), a-pinene (12.7), borneol (12.6), camphene (9.0), 1,8-cineol (6.9) Greece Koliopoulos et al. (2010) S. pomifera (E)-Caryophyllene (22.5), trans-thujone (21.0), cis￾thujone (14.9), caryophyllene oxide (7.0), 1,8-cineol (6.8) Greece Koliopoulos et al. (2010) S. hortensis Carvacrol (48.1), c-terpinene (36.7), p-cymene (4.7), a￾terpinene (3.5), b-bisabolene (1.7) Czech Pavela (2009b) T. patula Limonene (13.6), terpinolene (11.2), Z-b-ocimene (8.3), E-caryophyllene (8.0), p-cymen-8-ol (5.4) India Dharmagadda et al. (2005) T. parthenium Camphor (46.2), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (22.2), camphene (12.3), p-cymene (4.0), a-pinene (2.6) Prague Pavela et al. (2010) T. camphoratus Camphene (16.82), a-pinene (16.62), a-fenchyl alcohol (14.76), 1,8-cineol (6.51), a-terpineol (3.78) Kenya Omolo et al. (2004) T. riparia Fenchone (64.82), limonene (2.02), 1,8-cineol (1.5), c￾terpinene (0.96), b-pinene (0.78) Kenya Omolo et al. (2004) T. leucocladum Patchouli alcohol (31.24), b-pinene (12.66), a-pinene (10.99), a-cadinol (9.27), t-cadinol (5.48) Egypt El-Shazly and Hussein (2004) T. spicata Carvacrol (70.93 ± 1.04), p-cymene (6.98 ± 0.02), b￾caryophyllene (3.3 ± 0.12), a-terpinene (1.31 ± 0.03), myrcene (1.32 ± 0.02) Turkey Sertkaya et al. (2010) T. satureoides Thymol (60.3), p-cymene (10.1), c-terpinene (5.3), myrcene (4.4), borneol (1.7) Czech Pavela (2009b) T. vulgaris Carvacrol (70.6), thymol (10.1), p-cymene (4.2), carvacrol methyl ether (2.8), trans-anethol (2.4) Lebanon Knio et al. (2008) Thymol (40.1), p-cymene (23.4), c-terpinene (15.1), borneol (4.5), carvacrol (2.4) Cameroun Tchoumbougnang et al. (2009) Thymol (32.5), borneol (30.3), carvacrol (10.6), bornyl acetate (5.3), a-terpinene (3.5) Czech Pavela (2009b) 934 S. Zoubiri, A. Baaliouamer