The Count of Chinchon Receives Cinchona C U R E I N G Agtes and ieavers S O LD 山写 The Countess of Chinchon and As early as the 17th century,th her husband are credited with Jesuits in South America were bringing the bark back to Spain using the bark of the cinchona tree as a cure for malaria As early as the 17th century,the Jesuits in South America were using the bark of the cinchona tree as a cure for malaria
Quinine and War The Tree that Changed the World Map The Only Drink That Stops a Cold Nows the time Quinine-Whisky to take MERITAL ININE-WHIS QUININE 二 COMPOUND TABLETS Seka rs Quinine Shortag 1944 May Winston Churchill AMONG THE CASUALTIES OF WAR 1874-1965 Quinine,Morphine And Whiskey:Tools of the Civil War Battlefield Doctor "The gin and tonic has saved more Englishmen's lives and minds than all doctors in the Empire."--Winston Churchill
Cinchona and Quinine SOLDAT PRENDS CHAQUE JOUR TA OUININE a mal pris sa uinine. The results of taking quinine contrasted with the results of not taking it British soldiers parading to receive their daily quinine dose under supervision of their offi cers,Salonika,1916 奎宁“抗疟战争”的功臣 Photograph of a warehouse in Amsterdam,cases filled with cinchona bark
Quinine:the beginning of the modern Drug Industrial Complex Civil War Medicine Many Civil War commanders required that their soldiers take quinine prophylactically.Quinine became as coveted like gold
Theft of Seeds-Fairest of Peruvian Maids' Justus C.Hasskarl Charles Ledger (1811-1894)German Cinchona ledgeriana (1818-1905) explorer,botanist a better variety for He gave quinine to the world producing quinine in 1864 Charles Ledger succeeded in importing 14 English pounds of Cinchona seeds to England.Following unsuccessful negotiations with the British government in 1865,these seeds were also ultimately sold to the Dutch
Civil War and Drug Law Coffee,cathartics泻a药，whiskey and quinine,.Opium and morphine, calomel甘汞，turpentine松节油 William A.Hammond The manufacturing complex, John Michael Maisch (1828-1900)American ca.1876 founded in 1822 (1831-1893)United military physician and Ceramic jar for quinine from the States pharmacist,the neurologis U.S.Army Lab.,in Philadelphia, "father of adequate 1863 pharmaceutical legislation
奎宁一改变历史的发现 Quinine had been said to be the prime reason Africa ceased to be known as the "white man's Vladimir Prelog grave".Quinine also played a significant role in (1906-1998) the colonization of Africa by Europeans. 构型 HO H3CO Large-scale use of quinine as a malaria prophylaxis started around 1850. Pierre Pelletier (1788-1842) Joseph Caventou (1795-1877) 1826 He manufacture quinin on a commercial scale
Quinine and Drug Industry 48 PHARMACIE PELLETIER AT好 PELLETIER X IPECACUANHAE C 1822:Pierre-Joseph Pelletier opened an industrial plant for quinine manufacturing in France.By 1826,ca 150000 Kg of cinchona bark was being processed (3600 Kg,2.4%Quinine),Thereby kick-staring the pharmaceutical industry.And such techniques were applied to the purification of other alkaloids in pharmaceucial demand,.especially morphine.法国和德国的竞争开始
Quinine in England Francois Magendie Pierre-Joseph Pelletier Thomas N.R.Morson (1783-1855) (1788-1842) (1800-1874)1821 Morson spent three years in Paris during 1818-1821.Under influence of Francois Magendie and Pierre-Joseph Pelletier,Morson was the first British producer,from 1821,of quinine sulphate and morphine. By the 1860s Morsons was producing over five hundred different chemical substances,mainly of medicinal application
Quinine and Drug Industry QUININE SULPHATE William Weightman (1813-1904) “Quinine King”-one of the wealthiest men in America Powers Weightman (Farr and Kunzi,Merck) 1822:The firm of Farr and Kunzi commenced the manufacture of quinine, only two years after its isolation from cinchona bark had been reported in France