Section 5 Regulation of the visceral function by the Nervous System
Section 5 Regulation of the Visceral Function by the Nervous System
I Autonomic Nervous System 1. Basic of the Anatomy
I Autonomic Nervous System 1. Basic of the Anatomy
ANS o We subdivide the ans into the parasympathetic sympathetic, and enteric divisions o The enteric system is essentially an independent nervous system responsible for regulation of digestive functions o The aNS coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems
ANS ⚫ We subdivide the ANS into the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and enteric divisions. ⚫ The enteric system is essentially an independent nervous system responsible for regulation of digestive functions. ⚫ The ANS coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems
Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System Companies, Inc. Permi Spinal nerve Spinal cord Somatic Skeletal muscle motor neuron Spinal nerve Autonomic ganglion Spinal cord Effector organ Preganglionic Postganglionic (e. g, neuron neuron smooth muscle b of colon
Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic and autonomic Nervous system Somatic autonomic Skeletal muscle Smooth and cardiac muscle and glands ● Conscious and Unconscious regulation unconscious movement Target tissues stimulated e Skeletal muscle contracts or inhibited o One synapse Two synapses acetylcholine Acetycholine by preganglionic neurons and ACh or norepinephrine by postganglionic neurons
Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System Somatic ⚫ Skeletal muscle ⚫ Conscious and unconscious movement ⚫ Skeletal muscle contracts ⚫ One synapse ⚫ Acetylcholine Autonomic ⚫ Smooth and cardiac muscle and glands ⚫ Unconscious regulation ⚫ Target tissues stimulated or inhibited ⚫ Two synapses ⚫ Acetycholine by preganglionic neurons and ACh or norepinephrine by postganglionic neurons
opynght e The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Pemission required for reproduction or display Preganglionic cell body in lateral horn of Preganglionic neuron gray matter Postganglionic neuron Preganglionic neuron to sympathetic chain ganglion T1 Postganglionic neurons Preganglionic neuron to collateral ganglion L2 Postganglionic neurons → Collateral ganglia Sympathetic chain ganglia Sympathetic Division e Preganglionic cell bodies in lateral horns of spinal cord T1-L2
⚫ Preganglionic cell bodies in lateral horns of spinal cord T1-L2 Sympathetic Division
Parasympathetic Division Preganglionic cell bodies in nuclei of brainstem or sYt+Midbrain Cranial nerves lateral parts of spinal cord Pons Brainstem Medulla gray matter from S2-S4 Preganglionic axons Preganglionic from brain pass to Postganglionic neuron neurons Postganglionic ganglia through cranial Terminal ganglia neuron nerves Preganglionic neurons Sacral region Preganglionic axons Pelvic nerves of spinal cord (s2-S4) from sacral region pass through pelvic nerves to ganglia o Preganglionic axons pass to terminal ganglia within wall of or near organ innervated
Parasympathetic Division ⚫ Preganglionic cell bodies in nuclei of brainstem or lateral parts of spinal cord gray matter from S2-S4 – Preganglionic axons from brain pass to ganglia through cranial nerves – Preganglionic axons from sacral region pass through pelvic nerves to ganglia ⚫Preganglionic axons pass to terminal ganglia within wall of or near organ innervated
PArasympathetic Sympathetic Parasympathetic and sympathetic Parotid and mandibular glands Blood vessels nerve distribution oryx esophagus and trachea Middle cervical ganglion Bronchi and /un Cervicothoracic ganglion Heart and lungs Celiac Urogenital organs and large intestine pelvic plexus
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve distribution
2. Neurotransmitters and Neuroreceptors o Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine ●△ I preganglionic neurons are cholinergic o Parasympathetic post ganglionic neurons are cholinergic o Sympathetic post ganglionic neurons are adrenergIc except o Sympathetics innervating sweat glands, blood vessels in skeletal muscle, and piloerection muscles are cholinergic
2. Neurotransmitters and Neuroreceptors ⚫ Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine ⚫ All preganglionic neurons are cholinergic ⚫ Parasympathetic post ganglionic neurons are cholinergic ⚫ Sympathetic post ganglionic neurons are adrenergic except ⚫ Sympathetics innervating sweat glands, blood vessels in skeletal muscle, and piloerection muscles are cholinergic
Neurotransmitters SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACh Striated muscle AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Sympathetic Heart ACh NESm、muS Glands ACh KACh Sweat glands <ACh (AdM. NE Parasympathetic Heart ACh <ACh Sm. mus Glands
Neurotransmitters ACh ACh Sweat glands Striated muscle ACh SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Heart Sm. mus. Glands ACh ACh Parasympathetic ACh E, NE Ad. M. → → Heart Sm. mus. Glands ACh NE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Sympathetic