extr yow College deand b Teaching objectives: psychological independence, and internalineigious faith al changes, identity crises, 1. Grasp some psy chological terms, such as developmen 2. Through learning the text, guide students to think over the real meaning of college life and how to take advantage of it to serve their bright future 3. Important language points I)the use of anticipatory"it 2)the use of gerund 3)frequently used words and phrases Time Distribution(6 hours 1. the first 2 hours: introduction to background knowledge, key words and expressions 2. the next 3 hours: detailed study of the text, language points and Comprehension exercises 3.The hour will be devoted to work on the text including all the rest Exercises and oral discussion when necessary Teaching procedure Step 1: Introduction to Background Knowledge 4 about the author Dr. Bob Hartman is a childrens story-tell and part-time pastor. He was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to england in the summer of 2000 about the text This is a text about what students will experience in their" college years". It is addressed to college students in the United States. In the article, the author touches upon the "developmental hanges"experienced by college students, many important adjustments and decisions concerning young people's education, career, values and social responsibilities. To have a meaningful and rewarding life, we must learn to handle what the author calls the identity crises", to find out who we are, what are our strong points and weaknesses, what we should do and where we should go Of course, we must learn to be independent or self-reliant psychologically as well as in othe matters. In this article, the author also talks quite a bit about students' need to achieve sexual dentity, to form a healthy and correct world outlook In addition as English majors, students should also think about the realistic questions concerning the position of English major, be it a tool or a specialized subject, the future goal of self-development, etc
1 Text A Your College Years Teaching Objectives: 1. Grasp some psychological terms, such as developmental changes, identity crises, psychological independence, and internalizing religious faith. 2. Through learning the text, guide students to think over the real meaning of college life and how to take advantage of it to serve their bright future. 3. Important language points” 1) the use of anticipatory “it” 2) the use of gerund 3) frequently used words and phrases Time Distribution (6 hours): 1.the first 2 hours: introduction to background knowledge, key words and expressions 2.the next 3 hours: detailed study of the text, language points and Comprehension exercises. 3.The last 1 hour will be devoted to work on the text, including all the rest Exercises and oral discussion when necessary. Teaching Procedures: Step 1: Introduction to Background Knowledge About the author: Dr. Bob Hartman is a children’s story-tell and part-time pastor. He was born in Pittsburgh, the United States, and moved to England in the summer of 2000. About the text This is a text about what students will experience in their “college years”. It is addressed to college students in the United States. In the article, the author touches upon the “developmental changes” experienced by college students, many important adjustments and decisions concerning young people’s education, career, values and social responsibilities. To have a meaningful and rewarding life, we must learn to handle what the author calls “the identity crises”, to find out who we are, what are our strong points and weaknesses, what we should do and where we should go. Of course, we must learn to be independent or self-reliant psychologically as well as in other matters. In this article, the author also talks quite a bit about students’ need to achieve sexual identity, to form a healthy and correct world outlook. In addition, as English majors, students should also think about the realistic questions concerning the position of English major, be it a tool or a specialized subject, the future goal of self-development, etc
Step 2: Words and Phrases Learning adj. 1)describing things that relate to schools, colleges and universities 2)theoretica rician 2. af*fec*tion 1) If you regard someone or something with affection, you like them and are fond of them She thought of him with affection She had developed quite an affection for the place N-UNCOUNT: oft N for/ofn 2)Your affections are your feelings of love or fondness for someon The distant object of his affections is Caroline N-PLURAL: with pos 斗af- fec*tion*ate If you are affectionate you show your love or fondness for another person in the way that you behave towards them They seemed devoted to each other and were openly affectionate ADJ af"fee tion*ate*ly He looked affectionately at his niece ADV ADV with v af"fected If you describe someone's behaviour as affected, you disapprove of the fact that they behave in an unnatural way that is intended to impress other people She had an affected air and a disdainful look. ADJ: usu ADJn disapproval mannered * natural 3. affirm word study: assert asseverate declare affirm aver avow These verbs all mean to make a positive statement To assert is to state one's opinion confidently but often without proof to support it I have endeavored to assert nothing but what I had good authority for"(William Sewel) Asseverate connotes sober sincerity of assertion 除了我确有把握的事情外,我不会断然地讲任何事情”(威廉·西维尔)。 Asseverate指郑重真诚的断言 The taxpayer also asseverates that his return from greece proves conclusively that his intentions and are honorable.(Daily Report for Executives) Declare has the approximate force of assert but may suggest formality of statement and authority in the speaker
2 Step 2: Words and Phrases Learning 1. academic adj. 1) describing things that relate to schools, colleges and universities. 2) theoretical n. scholar academician academy 2. af*fec*tion 1) If you regard someone or something with affection, you like them and are fond of them. She thought of him with affection... She had developed quite an affection for the place. N-UNCOUNT: oft N for/of n 2) Your affections are your feelings of love or fondness for someone. The distant object of his affections is Caroline... N-PLURAL: with poss af*fec*tion*ate If you are affectionate, you show your love or fondness for another person in the way that you behave towards them. They seemed devoted to each other and were openly affectionate... ADJ * af*fec*tion*ate*ly He looked affectionately at his niece. ADV: ADV with v = fondly af*fect*ed If you describe someone's behaviour as affected, you disapprove of the fact that they behave in an unnatural way that is intended to impress other people. She had an affected air and a disdainful look. ADJ: usu ADJ n disapproval = mannered * natural 3. affirm word study: assert asseverate declare affirm aver avow These verbs all mean to make a positive statement. To assert is to state one's opinion confidently but often without proof to support it: “I have endeavored to assert nothing but what I had good authority for” (William Sewel). Asseverate connotes sober sincerity of assertion: 除了我确有把握的事情外，我不会断然地讲任何事情”（威廉·西维尔）。 Asseverate 指郑重真诚的断言： The taxpayer also asseverates that his return from Greece proves conclusively that his intentions were and are honorable. (Daily Report for Executives). Declare has the approximate force of assert but may suggest formality of statement and authority in the speaker:
纳税人同时郑重声明他从希腊的返回,本身就非常有说服力地证明他的意图,曾经是,现在 也是诚实的(行政官员每日报告) Declare有接近于 assert所表述的力量,但含有表示讲话者礼节和权威的意思: Congress declared that it would reduce the budget deficit 国会宣布将要减少预算赤字。 4 Affirm and aver stress the speaker's confidence in the validity of the statement Affirmaver强调讲话人对所讲东西正确性的自信 Scientists cannot affirm the existence of life on other planets. She averred that solitude was necessary for creative work. Avow implies frank and open acknowledgment or admission 科学家们还不能证实在其它星球上有生命存在。她断言离群索居对于创造性的工作是必不可 少的 Avow含有坦诚的,坦率的承认或确认: thinks the book succeeds in achieving its avowed purpose to explain how the Court's current role evolved through history"(Tony Mauro) “认为该书成功地达到了公开宣布的目的:解释当今法庭作用的历史发展”(托尼·莫罗 affirmat affirmative 4. coun*sel counsels counselling counselled in AM, use counseling, counseled 1)Counsel is advice (FORMAL) He had always been able to count on her wise counsel His parishioners sought his counsel and loved him. N-UNCOUNT 2)If you counsel someone to take a course of action, or if you counsel a course of action, ou advise that course of action. (FORMAL) My advisers counselled me to do nothing The prime minister was right to counsel caution about military intervention VERB Vn to-inf. vn 3)If you counsel people, you give them advice about their problems a psychologist who counsels people with eating disorders Cranford counsels her on all aspects of her career VERB: Vn.von n 4)Someone's counsel is the lawyer who gives them advice on a legal case and speaks or their behalf in court d after the trial that he would N-COUNT: oft supp N coun*sel"lor counsellor counsellors AM. use counselor A counsellor is a person whose job is to give advice to people who need it, especially advice on their personal problems N-COUNT
3 纳税人同时郑重声明他从希腊的返回，本身就非常有说服力地证明他的意图，曾经是，现在 也是诚实的（行政官员每日报告）。 Declare 有接近于assert所表述的力量，但含有表示讲话者礼节和权威的意思： Congress declared that it would reduce the budget deficit. 国会宣布将要减少预算赤字。 Affirm and aver stress the speaker's confidence in the validity of the statement: Affirm aver强调讲话人对所讲东西正确性的自信： Scientists cannot affirm the existence of life on other planets. She averred that solitude was necessary for creative work. Avow implies frank and open acknowledgment or admission: 科学家们还不能证实在其它星球上有生命存在。她断言离群索居对于创造性的工作是必不可 少的。 Avow 含有坦诚的，坦率的承认或确认： “thinks the book succeeds in achieving its avowed purpose: to explain how the Court's current role evolved through history” (Tony Mauro). “认为该书成功地达到了公开宣布的目的：解释当今法庭作用的历史发展”（托尼·莫罗）。 affirmation affirmative 4. coun*sel counsels counselling counselled in AM, use counseling, counseled 1) Counsel is advice. (FORMAL) He had always been able to count on her wise counsel... His parishioners sought his counsel and loved him. N-UNCOUNT 2) If you counsel someone to take a course of action, or if you counsel a course of action, you advise that course of action. (FORMAL) My advisers counselled me to do nothing... The prime minister was right to counsel caution about military intervention. VERB: V n to-inf, V n 3) If you counsel people, you give them advice about their problems. ...a psychologist who counsels people with eating disorders... Crawford counsels her on all aspects of her career. VERB: V n, V n on n 4) Someone's counsel is the lawyer who gives them advice on a legal case and speaks on their behalf in court. Singleton's counsel said after the trial that he would appeal... N-COUNT: oft supp N coun*sel*lor counsellor counsellors in AM, use counselor A counsellor is a person whose job is to give advice to people who need it, especially advice on their personal problems. N-COUNT
coun council councils 1)A council is a group of people who are elected to govern a local area such as a city or, in Britain, a county Cheshire County Council The city council has voted almost unanimously in favour. David Ward, one ofjust tvo Liberal Democrats on the council N-COUNT-COLL; N-IN-NAMES local author 2)Council houses or flats are owned by the local council, and people pay rent to live in then (BRIT There is a shortage of council housing AD: ADJ n 3)Council is used in the names of some organizations the National Council for Civil Liberties. community health councils N-COUNT-COLL. usu in names 4)In some organizations, the council is the group of people that controls or governs it The permanent council of the Organication of American States meets today here in N-COUNT-COLL: usu sing, usu with supp 5)A council is a specially organized formal meeting that is attended by a particular group of people President Najibullah said he would call a grand council of all afghans N-COUNT conference coun*cil*lor councillor councillors in AM, use councilor A councillor is a member of a local council Councillor Michael Poulter N-COUNT: N-TITLE 5. distress Word study: distress suffering agony anguish misery都含“痛苦”的意思 指“精神上悲痛或造成痛苦的原因”、“身体上的疼痛或不适”或“某种灾难所造成的痛苦 或苦难”,如 Famine caused widespread distress 饥荒引起了普遍的忧虑。 suffering指“身体或精神上的痛苦”,着重“对痛苦的感觉和忍受”,一般用于人,如 His wound caused him great suffering 他的伤使他深受痛苦 agony指“肉体上或精神上的巨大痛苦”,如
4 cf. coun*cil council councils 1) A council is a group of people who are elected to govern a local area such as a city or, in Britain, a county. ...Cheshire County Council... The city council has voted almost unanimously in favour. ...David Ward, one of just two Liberal Democrats on the council. N-COUNT-COLL; N-IN-NAMES = local authority 2) Council houses or flats are owned by the local council, and people pay rent to live in them. (BRIT) There is a shortage of council housing... ADJ: ADJ n 3) Council is used in the names of some organizations. ...the National Council for Civil Liberties. ...community health councils. N-COUNT-COLL: usu in names 4) In some organizations, the council is the group of people that controls or governs it. The permanent council of the Organization of American States meets today here in Washington. N-COUNT-COLL: usu sing, usu with supp 5) A council is a specially organized, formal meeting that is attended by a particular group of people. President Najibullah said he would call a grand council of all Afghans... N-COUNT = conference coun*cil*lor councillor councillors in AM, use councilor A councillor is a member of a local council. ...Councillor Michael Poulter. N-COUNT; N-TITLE 5. distress Word study: distress suffering agony anguish misery 都含“痛苦”的意思。 distress 指“精神上悲痛或造成痛苦的原因”、“身体上的疼痛或不适”或“某种灾难所造成的痛苦 或苦难”, 如: Famine caused widespread distress. 饥荒引起了普遍的忧虑。 suffering指“身体或精神上的痛苦”, 着重“对痛苦的感觉和忍受”, 一般用于人, 如: His wound caused him great suffering. 他的伤使他深受痛苦。 agony指“肉体上或精神上的巨大痛苦”, 如:
He suffered agonies from his arm 他感到胳膊痛极了 anguish多指“精神上令人难以忍受的痛苦”,如 the anguish of despair 绝望引起的极度痛苦 misery指“在身体、精神或感情方面长期的极大痛苦或不幸”,或“造成这种不幸的原 因”,含“无希望解脱”的意思,如 She died in misery in a convent 她悲惨地在修道院死去。 6. ex*ces*sive If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or reasonable the alleged use of excessive force by police. The government says that local authority spending is excessive. ADJ disapproval Managers are also accused of paying themselves excessively high salaries Mum had started taking pills and drinking excessively ADV: ADV adi. Adv with v An excess of something is a larger amount than is needed, allowed, or usual An excess of house plants in a small flat can be oppressive Polyunsaturated oils are essential for health. Excess is harmful, however. N-VAR: with supp, usu a n ofn Excess is used to describe amounts that are greater than what is needed,allowed,or usual After cooking the fish, pour off anmy excess fa ADJ: ADJn suI Excess is behaviour that is unacceptable because it is considered too extreme or immoral She said she was sick of her life of excess adolescent excess N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl Excess is used to refer to additional amounts of money that need to be paid for services and activities that were not originally planned or taken into account. (FORMAL a letterdemanding an excess fare of *20 ADJ: ADJn The excess on an insurance policy is a sum of money which the insured person has to pay towards the cost of a claim. The insurance company pays the rest. (BRIT BUSINESS TECHNICAL) The company wanted*1, 800 for a policy with a*400 excess forunder-2Is N-COUNT: usu sing In excess of means more than a particular amount. (FORMAL)
5 He suffered agonies from his arm. 他感到胳膊痛极了。 anguish多指“精神上令人难以忍受的痛苦”, 如: the anguish of despair 绝望引起的极度痛苦。 misery指“在身体、精神或感情方面长期的极大痛苦或不幸”, 或“造成这种不幸的原 因”, 含“无希望解脱”的意思, 如: She died in misery in a convent. 她悲惨地在修道院死去。 6. ex*ces*sive If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or reasonable. ...the alleged use of excessive force by police... The government says that local authority spending is excessive. ADJ disapproval * ex*ces*sive*ly Managers are also accused of paying themselves excessively high salaries... Mum had started taking pills and drinking excessively. ADV: ADV adj, ADV with v ex*cess 1) An excess of something is a larger amount than is needed, allowed, or usual. An excess of house plants in a small flat can be oppressive... Polyunsaturated oils are essential for health. Excess is harmful, however. N-VAR: with supp, usu a N of n 2) Excess is used to describe amounts that are greater than what is needed, allowed, or usual. After cooking the fish, pour off any excess fat... ADJ: ADJ n = surplus 3) Excess is behaviour that is unacceptable because it is considered too extreme or immoral. She said she was sick of her life of excess. ...adolescent excess. N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl 4) Excess is used to refer to additional amounts of money that need to be paid for services and activities that were not originally planned or taken into account. (FORMAL) ...a letter demanding an excess fare of *20... ADJ: ADJ n 5) The excess on an insurance policy is a sum of money which the insured person has to pay towards the cost of a claim. The insurance company pays the rest. (BRIT BUSINESS, TECHNICAL) The company wanted *1,800 for a policy with a *400 excess for under-21s. N-COUNT: usu sing 6) In excess of means more than a particular amount. (FORMAL)
Avoid deposits in excess of 20,000 in anmy one account PREP-PHRASE: PREP amount If you do something to excess, you do it too much I was reasonably fit, played a lot of tennis, and didn,'t smoke or drink to excess PHRASE: PHR after v disapproval Step 3: 1. The use of anticipatory"it e.g. 1) Has it ever occurred to you that your professors and other school personnel have certain goals for your growth and maturity during your college years? 2)His it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood 2. The use of gerund: e.g. Probably one of the most stressful matters for young college students is establishing their exual identity, which includes relating to the opposite sex and projecting their futre roles as 4. The use of the phrase"go through See reference book p 3, Item 5 5 The use of“ perceive 1)to think of as e.g. Stress is widely perceived as contributing to coronary heart disease 2)to notice; to discover; to observe e.g. I perceived that I could not make her change her mind 3)to understand, to grasp a key task is to get pupils to perceive for themselves the relationship between success and effort 6. The difference between free from sth and free of sth Take the following remarks by Franklin D. Rooservelt "We look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression-everywhere in the world The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way -everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear. anywhere in the world Freedom(free)from sth: no longer having sth you do not want Step 4: Dealing with the possible problems asked by the students How to paraphrase the following sentences 1)...identity is determined by genetic endowment, shaped by environment, and influenced by 2 Who we are is determined by three things First, our genes, or what our parents have given us, our 6
6 Avoid deposits in excess of *20,000 in any one account... PREP-PHRASE: PREP amount 7) If you do something to excess, you do it too much. I was reasonably fit, played a lot of tennis, and didn't smoke or drink to excess... PHRASE: PHR after v disapproval excess baggage Step 3: Language points/Discourse analysis: 1. The use of anticipatory “it”: e.g. 1) Has it ever occurred to you that your professors and other school personnel have certain goals for your growth and maturity during your college years? 2) His it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood. 2. The use of gerund: e.g. Probably one of the most stressful matters for young college students is establishing their sexual identity, which includes relating to the opposite sex and projecting their future roles as men or women. predicative object of preposition 4.The use of the phrase “go through”: See reference book p.3, Item 5 5.The use of “perceive”: 1) to think of as e.g. Stress is widely perceived as contributing to coronary heart disease. 2) to notice; to discover; to observe e.g. I perceived that I could not make her change her mind. 3) to understand, to grasp: A key task is to get pupils to perceive for themselves the relationship between success and effort. 6.The difference between free from sth and free of sth Take the following remarks by Franklin D. Rooservelt: “We look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression – everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way – everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want … everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear…anywhere in the world.” Freedom (free) from sth: no longer having sth you do not want Step 4: Dealing with the possible problems asked by the students How to paraphrase the following sentences: 1) … identity is determined by genetic endowment, shaped by environment, and influenced by chance event. (para. 2) Who we are is determined by three things: First, our genes, or what our parents have given us, our
legacy; second, environment, and third, luck or opportunities 2) First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda.(para. 4) First is the ability to solve practical problems, .. such as learning how to spend money wisely ow to choose their own clothes and making a list of what they are going to do every day 3) Fourth is freedom from excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father. (para. 4) Children often feel very guilty in relation to their parents because they think they have done sometimes feel unhappy because they think that their parents have not been fair to them; they feel ey are respons thi everything they do, they are always arral saying the right thing or not behaving properly; all these may make them angry with their parents or make them feel resentful. These feelings reflect their emotional dependence on their parents When they grow up, they usually strive for the freedom from these Step 5: Written exercises Title recommended: A Special Period in My Life- College Life Step 6: Oral discussion(optional 1. What do you think about the relationship with friends, teachers and parents? 2. What do you think about our major, English? Only a tool? What do you plan to make use of it to serve your future career? 3. What do you think about the real meaning of college life?
7 legacy; second, environment, and third, luck or opportunities. 2) First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda. (para. 4) First is the ability to solve practical problems, … such as learning how to spend money wisely, how to choose their own clothes and making a list of what they are going to do every day. 3) Fourth is freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.” (para. 4) Children often feel very guilty in relation to their parents because they think they have done something wrong; they are also anxious because they re eager to please their parents; they sometimes feel unhappy because they think that their parents have not been fair to them; they feel that they are responsible to their parents for everything they do; they are always afraid of not saying the right thing or not behaving properly; all these may make them angry with their parents or make them feel resentful. These feelings reflect their emotional dependence on their parents. When they grow up, they usually strive for the freedom from these. Step 5: Written exercises Title recommended: A Special Period in My Life – College Life Step 6: Oral discussion(optional) 1. What do you think about the relationship with friends, teachers and parents? 2. What do you think about our major, English? Only a tool? What do you plan to make use of it to serve your future career? 3. What do you think about the real meaning of college life?