Unit 9 Against All Odds 教学目的:以课文内容为纲,关键语汇为点带领学生了解文化背景知识,认识 课文逻辑顺序和结构安排; 通过讨论精彩段落写作的要素和手段,帮助学生掌握描写该种情形 的技巧,并能够进行相似主题的短文欣赏和写作 教学重点:识别关键语汇(形容词、名词和短语)以分析文章的逻辑结构及 其效果 教学内容:以形象的方式结合课文内容发展顺序,带领学生了解霍金生平, 提高学生勇于面对困难、克服困难的意识 启发学生寻找关键语汇,总结全文整体的逻辑结构和各个部分的行 文安排以及由此达到的效果 教学方法:多种教学方法并用(讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习等) Unit 9 Against All odds Background Information Stephen William Hawking(1942-): British theoretical physicist and mathematician whose main field of research has been the beginning of the universe, and a unified theory of physics, the nature of space and time, including irregularities in space and time known Life experience Born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England In 1958 he entered Oxford University In 1961 he attended a summer course at the royal observatory n 1962 he completed his undergraduate courses and received a bachelor'degree in physics. Then Hawking enrolled as a research student in general relativity at the department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge In 1966 Hawking earned his Ph D degree from Trinity College at the University of Cambridge In 1974 he became one of the youngest fellows of the Royal Societ In 1977 he became a professor of physics after finishing doing post-doctoral research at the University of Cambria ge In 1979 he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge Scientific research In the earliest stages, Hawking has been concerned with the concept of singularities breakdowns in space and time. The most familiar example of a singularity is a black hole, (the final form of a collapsed star). During the late 1960s Hawking proved that a singularity must occur at the big bang( the explosion that marked the beginning of the universe and the birth of space-time itself)
1 Unit 9 Against All Odds 教学目的 ：以课文内容为纲，关键语汇为点带领学生了解文化背景知识，认识 课文逻辑顺序和结构安排； 通过讨论精彩段落写作的要素和手段，帮助学生掌握描写该种情形 的技巧，并能够进行相似主题的短文欣赏和写作。 教学重点： 识别关键语汇（形容词、名词和短语）以分析文章的逻辑结构及 其效果； 教学内容： 以形象的方式结合课文内容发展顺序，带领学生了解霍金生平， 提高学生勇于面对困难、克服困难的意识； 启发学生寻找关键语汇，总结全文整体的逻辑结构和各个部分的行 文安排以及由此达到的效果 教学方法： 多种教学方法并用（讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习等） Unit 9 Against All Odds Background Information Stephen William Hawking (1942- )： British theoretical physicist and mathematician whose main field of research has been the beginning of the universe, and a unified theory of physics, the nature of space and time, including irregularities in space and time known as singularities. Life experience: Born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England... In 1958 he entered Oxford University. In 1961 he attended a summer course at the Royal Observatory. In 1962 he completed his undergraduate courses and received a bachelor’ degree in physics. Then Hawking enrolled as a research student in general relativity at the department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge. In 1966 Hawking earned his Ph.D. degree from Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. In 1974 he became one of the youngest fellows of the Royal Society. In 1977 he became a professor of physics after finishing doing post-doctoral research at the University of Cambridge. In 1979 he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge. Scientific research: In the earliest stages, Hawking has been concerned with the concept of singularities breakdowns in space and time. The most familiar example of a singularity is a black hole, (the final form of a collapsed star). During the late 1960s Hawking proved that a singularity must occur at the big bang( the explosion that marked the beginning of the universe and the birth of space-time itself)
In 1970 Hawking turned to the examination of the properties of black holes: the surface area of the event horizon(The boundary of a black hole) around a black hole could only increase or remain constant with time this area could never decrease From 1970 to 1974, Hawking provided mathematical proof for the hypothesis as the"No Hair Theorem": matter entering a black hole loses its shape, its chemical composition, and its distinction as matter or antimatter Since 1974 Hawking has studied the behavior of matter in a black hole in quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is a theory that describes black holes from which nothing was supposed to be able to escape could emit thermal rad iation, or heat Throughout the 1990s Hawking sought to explain the universe by incorporating all four basic types of interactions between matter and energy: strong nuclear interactions, weak nuclear interactions. electromagnetic interactions and gravitational interactions Universe in a Nutshell/ The lustrated Brief History of Time(1988) Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays(1993), The Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the Universe The Future of spacetime A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to black Holes In 1992 American filmmaker Errol Morris helped make all-time best seller A Brief History of Time into a film about Hawking's life and work What is ALS? Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 肌萎缩侧索硬化 缺乏 肌肉 trophic= nourishment营养 Lateral= side( of spine)(脊髓的)边沿 Sclerosis= hardening硬化 The als association is the only national not-for-profit health organization dedicated solely to the fight against ALS through research, patient and community services, public education, and The University of Cambridge One of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in the United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge consists of over 100 departments, faculties and schools plus a central dministration Text Analysis L. Text Glimpse Since you have previewed the lesson before class, I'd like to ask some students a few questions 1. How did Stephen Hawking first discover that he had this disease 2. How did Stephen Hawking take the news? 3. What helped him get out of his depression? 4. How did Hawking struggle bravely against all the physical obstructions? 5. Can you describe his married life 2
2 In 1970 Hawking turned to the examination of the properties of black holes: the surface area of the event horizon (The boundary of a black hole) around a black hole could only increase or remain constant with time this area could never decrease. From 1970 to 1974, Hawking provided mathematical proof for the hypothesis as the "No Hair Theorem”: matter entering a black hole loses its shape, its chemical composition, and its distinction as matter or antimatter. Since 1974 Hawking has studied the behavior of matter in a black hole in quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is a theory that describes black holes from which nothing was supposed to be able to escape could emit thermal radiation, or heat. Throughout the 1990s Hawking sought to explain the universe by incorporating all four basic types of interactions between matter and energy: strong nuclear interactions, weak nuclear interactions, electromagnetic interactions, and gravitational interactions. Major works: Universe in a Nutshell/ The Illustrated Brief History of Time(1988) Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays (1993), The Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the Universe The Future of Spacetime A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes In 1992 American filmmaker Errol Morris helped make all-time best seller A Brief History of Time into a film about Hawking’s life and work. What is ALS? ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 肌萎缩侧索硬化 A = absence of 缺乏 myo = muscle 肌肉 trophic = nourishment 营养 Lateral = side(of spine) （脊髓的）边沿 Sclerosis = hardening 硬化 The ALS Association is the only national not-for-profit health organization dedicated solely to the fight against ALS through research, patient and community services, public education, and advocacy. The University of Cambridge One of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in the United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge consists of over 100 departments, faculties and schools plus a central administration Text Analysis I. Text Glimpse Since you have previewed the lesson before class, I’d like to ask some students a few questions: 1. How did Stephen Hawking first discover that he had this disease? 2. How did Stephen Hawking take the news? 3. What helped him get out of his depression? 4. How did Hawking struggle bravely against all the physical obstructions? 5. Can you describe his married life
I. General analysis Questions: 1. What kind of order does the text adopt? (the chronological order) 2. How many parts can this text be divided into? Language understanding 1. odd l) peculiar or eccentric, fantastic奇怪的古怪 2) number not divisible by two( opposed to even)单数的奇数的 3) not fixed, not regular, occasional零星临时 e.g. odd-looking man make a living by doing odd jobs ds:l) the chance in favor of/against sth. Happen可能的机会 2) things that are not even, inequalities不平等 e.g. The odds are against/in favor of us odds and ends small articles and pieces usu of small value 零碎杂物 dement 2. modal auxiliaries t perfect tense can/could have done may/might have done must have done should /ought to have done neednt have done Her eyes are red. She You more careful in this experiment I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I the weather was hot 3. prep. t doing has difficulty /trouble/a hard time(in) doing sth has a good time(in) doing sth There is no point /use(in) doing sth What is the use/ point/good (of)doing sth? be through( with) doing sth end up 结束告终 e.g. People who earn less money but enjoy life may end up happier than those who work too much 5. only to:结果却,不料,反而 eg. The enemy troops rushed there only to be ambushed.敌人扑到那里却遭到伏击. 6. worth sth is worth +n. money, time, energy) sth. is worth doing 7. worthy:值得 be worthy of n be worthy of being done be worthy to be done 8. worthwhile
3 II. General Analysis Questions: 1. What kind of order does the text adopt? (the chronological order) 2. How many parts can this text be divided into? Language understanding 1. odd: 1) peculiar or eccentric, fantastic 奇怪的古怪 2) number not divisible by two (opposed to even) 单数的,奇数的 3) not fixed, not regular, occasional 零星临时 e.g. odd-looking man make a living by doing odd jobs odds: 1)the chance in favor of/against sth. Happen 可能的机会 2) things that are not even, inequalities 不平等 e.g. The odds are against/ in favor of us. odds and ends: small articles and pieces usu. of small value; 零碎杂物 oddment 2. modal auxiliaries + perfect tense can/could have done may/might have done must have done should /ought to have done needn’t have done Exercise: Her eyes are red. She _____. (cry) You ____more careful in this experiment. I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I __ ; the weather was hot. 3. prep. + doing has difficulty /trouble/a hard time (in) doing sth. has a good time (in) doing sth. There is no point /use (in) doing sth. What is the use/ point/good (of) doing sth.? be through (with) doing sth. 4. end up: 结束告终 e.g. People who earn less money but enjoy life may end up happier than those who work too much. 5. only to: 结果却，不料，反而 e.g. The enemy troops rushed there only to be ambushed. 敌人扑到那里却遭到伏击. 6.worth sth. is worth +n. ( money, time, energy) sth. is worth doing 7. worthy: 值得 be worthy of n. be worthy of being done be worthy to be done 8. worthwhile
doing sth /to do sth. t be worthwhile It is worthwhile doing sth / to do sth It is worth one' s while to do sth 1 The Yellow Stone park is well a worth visiting b worthy visiting c worth to visit d w orth visiting it 2) The book is worthy of b read c having read d being read 3)Handle that flower vase carefully; it ---a lot of money worths b is worth c worthed d is worthy of 9 cover: to include; travel; deal with包含包括,处理,走过 e.g. The class covered only half of what the teacher intended 这堂课只完成了老师想干的工作的一半。 Our trip covered only half of what the tour guide intended 我们这趟旅游只去了一半导游想去的地方。 10. turn turn up: 1)to fold turn up the shirt sleeves 2 )to bring to the surface 3)to happen/occur He's still waiting for something to turn up 4 ) to appear/arrive He promised to come, but hasnt turned up yet un e' s nose at sth.轻视瞧不起 Turn on/ off Turn down翻下转小拧小拒绝 开始工作从事 11. disability:n.残疾 Compare: able: adj unable: adj enable:v.使能够 disable:v.使无能为力,尤指使残疾 disabled: adj. crippled残废的( disabled ex-service man退役军人) 1)fixed period of time a] a long term of imprisonment 2)(of school) period into which academic year is divided JH 3)word to express an idea, esp a specialized concept ria technical term/ legal terms 4)(pl) mode of expression措辞,说法 5) cond itions offered or agreed to条件 6) relations关系,交情 e.g. come to/make terms with sb /sth与某人达成协议接受某物 be on good/bad/ friendly terms with sb.与某人关系良好 He referred to your work in terms of high praise I didn t know you and he were on such good terms 13. synonyms: adviser, counselor, instructor, supervisor, faculty staff(pl),crew 14. affect: act on effect: result: outcome influence: v /n exercise power to affect one' s character, beliefs or actions through ole. fear ad mirati 1. Don't be by bad examples
4 doing sth./to do sth. + be worthwhile It is worthwhile + doing sth./to do sth. It is worth one’s while + to do sth. Exercises 1） The Yellow Stone Park is well ----- a worth visiting b worthy visiting c worth to visit d worth visiting it 2） The book is worthy of ------- a reading b read c having read d being read 3) Handle that flower vase carefully; it --- a lot of money. a worths b is worth c worthed d is worthy of 9. cover: to include; travel; deal with 包含 包括，处理，走过 e.g. The class covered only half of what the teacher intended. 这堂课只完成了老师想干的工作的一半。 Our trip covered only half of what the tour guide intended. 我们这趟旅游只去了一半导游想去的地方。 10. turn turn up: 1) to fold turn up the shirt sleeves 2)to bring to the surface 3)to happen/ occur He’s still waiting for something to turn up. 4)to appear/ arrive He promised to come, but hasn’t turned up yet. Turn up one’s nose at sth. 轻视瞧不起 Turn on/off Turn down 翻下/转小拧小/拒绝 Turn to 开始工作从事 11. disability: n. 残疾 Compare: able: adj. unable: adj. enable: v.使能够 disable: v.使无能为力， 尤指使残疾 disabled: adj. crippled 残废的(disabled ex-service man 退役军人) 12. term: 1) fixed period of time 期间 a long term of imprisonment 2) (of school) period into which academic year is divided 学期 3) word to express an idea, esp a specialized concept 术语 technical term/ legal terms 4) (pl.) mode of expression 措辞,说法 5) conditions offered or agreed to 条件 6) relations 关系,交情 e.g. come to/make terms with sb./sth.与某人达成协议/接受某物 be on good /bad/ friendly terms with sb.与某人关系良好…. He referred to your work in terms of high praise. I didn’t know you and he were on such good terms 13.synonyms: adviser, counselor, instructor, supervisor, faculty staff (pl.) , crew 14. affect: act on effect: result; outcome influence: v./n. exercise power to affect one’s character, beliefs or actions through example, fear, admiration 1.Don’t be ___ by bad examples
2. The of Chinese med icine in treating the kind of disease is clear 3. The person who me most deeply in my childhood was my aunt 4. The amount of fertilizer you use often the size of a crop. 5. Climate has a great on people's lives. It can the food they eat, the houses they build and the way in which they dress. and weather the way people feel, to a gloomy day often makes people feel low On the other hand, a bright sunny da people quite differently 6. Einsteins theory of relativity has great on the science Group discussion 1. What made Stephan Hawking succeed in his research work? Do you believe in the power of love? 2. Can you think of anyone you know in China who has or had the same kind of courage to defy fate? Assignment 1. Finish the exercises after the text in your textbook 2. Written work You are required to write sth about What can you learn from Stephen Hawking? in no less than 100 words
5 2.The ___ of Chinese medicine in treating the kind of disease is clear. 3.The person who ___ me most deeply in my childhood was my aunt. 4.The amount of fertilizer you use often__ the size of a crop. 5.Climate has a great__ on people’s lives. It can__ the food they eat, the houses they build and the way in which they dress. And weather__ the way people feel, too. A gloomy day often makes people feel low. On the other hand, a bright sunny day__ people quite differently. 6. Einstein’s theory of relativity has great __ on the science. Group discussion 1. What made Stephan Hawking succeed in his research work? Do you believe in the power of love? 2. Can you think of anyone you know in China who has or had the same kind of courage to defy fate? Assignment 1. Finish the exercises after the text in your textbook 2. Written work You are required to write sth about What can you learn from Stephen Hawking? in no less than 100 words