Leddow 12 TheMeedo That rle Teaching objectives: e To appreciate an essay: a good essay should have natural coherence, logical connection, clear-cut arguments and strong supports e To inform the students of the theory of human needs in the perspective of psychology and increase the students' self-awareness of their humanness so as to be more tolerant towards others and better deal with their own problems Time distribution 1. the first 2 periods text stud 2. The next 2 periods all the exercises oral discussion about human needs Teaching procedures Step 1: Introduction of Background Knowledge criteria for a good essay (internet) and how to write an essay e Abraham Maslow's theory of the pyramid-shaped chart of human Warming up questions Who do you think the article is addressed to? What needs are basic ones according to you? What is the relationship between the needs listed in the article? Step 3: Words and Phrases Learning Word Study 1 )coerce: compel, force ex:coerced the strikers into compliance forts to coerce agreement Coerce sb. (into)doing sth n coercion: The superpowers got what they wanted by coercion 2)confinement v confine He hadhad a long and uncomfortable trip for he had been confined to the wooden
1 Lesson 12 The Needs That Drive Us All Teaching Objectives: ⚫ To appreciate an essay: a good essay should have natural coherence, logical connection, clear-cut arguments and strong supports. ⚫ To inform the students of the theory of human needs in the perspective of psychology and increase the students’ self-awareness of their humanness so as to be more tolerant towards others and better deal with their own problems. Time Distribution: 1. the first 2 periods: ⚫ text study 2. The next 2 periods ⚫ all the Exercises ⚫ oral discussion: about human needs ? Teaching Procedures: Step 1: Introduction of Background Knowledge ⚫ criteria for a good essay(internet) and how to write an essay ⚫ Abraham Maslow’s theory of the pyramid-shaped chart of human needs(internet) Step 2 Text Study Warming up questions: Who do you think the article is addressed to? What needs are basic ones according to you? What is the relationship between the needs listed in the article? Step 3: Words and Phrases Learning Word Study: 1)coerce: compel, force ex: coerced the strikers into compliance. efforts to coerce agreement. Coerce sb. (into) doing sth n. coercion: The superpowers got what they wanted by coercion. 2) confinement v. confine "He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden
box for over ten hours The wild animals are confined in small cages in the zoo The sick child was confined to bed be confined to(局限于,(被)限制[封闭]在 confine oneself to n. confines: boundary, limit v.S. confinement: the act of putting someone in a restrained place the confines of a town城区,市区 beyond the confines of超出..范围 beyond the confines of human knowledge within the confines of在.(范围)之内 within the confines of the curriculum; 3) crumble n.面包屑 v. to break into small fragments or particles to give way; collap ex: an ego that crumbles under pressure.一个在重压下衰败的时代 Her hopes crumbled to nothing.她的希望落空了。 Crumble to dust v垮掉,化为乌有 4)frivolous adj. trivial unimportant silly a frivolous novel a frivolous purchase 5)get(sth)across: to make understandable or clear get my po to be convincing or understandable How can I get across to the students? 6) tribute n.(与to连用) a payment in money or in gift; gratitude pay a high tribute to sb.'s ability tribute to a person's memory追悼辞 pay(a)(high) tribute to赞颂;向.致敬 pay the last tribute to向最后告别;追悼 pay warm tribute to热烈赞扬 7)humane adj. characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion a hu Judge - (in humane treatment of PoWs humane method of killing anima Marked by an emphasis on humanistic values and concerns a humane educat Cf humane and human It is human nature to strive for power 8)incentive
2 box for over ten hours." The wild animals are confined in small cages in the zoo. The sick child was confined to bed. be confined to (局)限于， (被)限制［封闭］在 confine oneself to n. confines: boundary, limit v.s. confinement: the act of putting someone in a restrained place. the confines of a town 城区， 市区 beyond the confines of 超出...的范围 beyond the confines of human knowledge within the confines of 在...(范围)之内 within the confines of the curriculum; 3) crumble n.面包屑 v. to break into small fragments or particles. to give way; collapse: ex: an ego that crumbles under pressure.一个在重压下衰败的时代 Her hopes crumbled to nothing. 她的希望落空了。 Crumble to dust v.垮掉, 化为乌有 4) frivolous adj. trivial unimportant silly a frivolous novel a frivolous purchase 5) get (sth) across: to make understandable or clear: I have tried to get my point across. to be convincing or understandable: How can I get across to the students? 6) tribute n.（与 to 连用）a payment in money or in gift; gratitude pay a high tribute to sb.'s ability tribute to a person's memory 追悼辞 pay (a) (high) tribute to 赞颂; 向...致敬 pay the last tribute to 向...最后告别; 追悼 pay warm tribute to 热烈赞扬 7) humane adj. characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion: -a humane judge. -(in)humane treatment of POWs -humane method of killing animals Marked by an emphasis on humanistic values and concerns: a humane education. Cf: humane and human - It is human nature to strive for power. 8) incentive
nSomething, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward, that induces action or motivates effort give sb an incentive to do sth - He hasn 't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机 Money is still a major incentive in most occupations adj. serving to induce or motivate an incentive bonus for high productivity Incentive wage奖励工资 9) inherently adv Inherent: innate inherent contrad ictions nherent lay Polarity is inherent in a magnet.极性是磁铁的固有性质 Weight is an inherent property of matter重量是物质固有的特性。 He has an inherent love of beauty.他天生爱美。 be inherent in 为.所固有,是的固有性质;生来的 10)manipulate: operate, handle She manipulated the lights to get just the effect she wanted He manipulated public opinion in his favor To tamper with or falsify for personal gain tried to manipulate stock The central mean ing shared by these verbs is o influence, manage, use, or control to ge by artful or indirect means? manipulates people into helping him,操纵着人们去帮助他; exploiting her friends;利用她的朋友 maneuvering to gain an edge over their corporate competitors 策划使他们能比他们共同的对手领先一步 11) monotonous adj boring dreary dull humdrum repetitious tedious v.s. various a monotonous voice which sent me to sleep My job at the assembly line of the car factory is rather monotonous n. monotony: the monotony of daily routine. V.s. variety 12)spontaneous adj. automatic inherent instinctive natural v s compulsory he eruption of a volcano is spontaneous a spontaneous expression of admiration spontaneous growth of willow spontaneous recovery from a disease 13)strive vi. battle contend endeavor fight labor struggle
3 n.Something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward, that induces action or motivates effort. -give sb. an incentive to do sth. -He hasn't much incentive to work hard. 他没有努力工作的动机。 -Money is still a major incentive in most occupations. adj. srving to induce or motivate: - an incentive bonus for high productivity. - incentive wage 奖励工资 9) inherently adv. Inherent: innate inherent contradictions inherent laws Polarity is inherent in a magnet.极性是磁铁的固有性质。 Weight is an inherent property of matter.重量是物质固有的特性。 He has an inherent love of beauty.他天生爱美。 be inherent in 为...所固有, 是...的固有性质; 生来的 10) manipulate: operate, handle - She manipulated the lights to get just the effect she wanted. - He manipulated public opinion in his favor. To tamper with or falsify for personal gain: - tried to manipulate stock prices. Cf: manipulate; exploit; maneuver The central meaning shared by these verbs is o influence, manage, use, or control to one's advantage by artful or indirect means? manipulates people into helping him; 操纵着人们去帮助他； exploiting her friends; 利用她的朋友； maneuvering to gain an edge over their corporate competitors. 策划使他们能比他们共同的对手领先一步 11) monotonous adj boring dreary dull humdrum repetitious tedious v.s. various - a monotonous voice which sent me to sleep - My job at the assembly line of the car factory is rather monotonous. n. monotony: the monotony of daily routine. V.s. variety 12) spontaneous adj. automatic inherent instinctive natural v.s. compulsory - The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous. - a spontaneous expression of admiration - spontaneous growth of willow --spontaneous recovery from a disease 13) strive vi. battle contend endeavor fight labor struggle
strive(todo,for, after),竞争,斗争(with,反抗( (against) strive hard to make greater progress - strive for accuracy力争确切 strive with [against]a temptation[ difficulty和诱惑困难]作斗争 14)tyrant: dictator, oppressor, slave driver, taskmaster a local tyrant cholarship tyrant 15)unbridled adj. unrestrained; uncontrolled unbridled anger Not wearing or being fitted with a bridle -an unbridled pony Unbid le v His annoyance had unbridled his tongue.他的烦恼使他打开了话匣子。 Phrase analysis 1)All five needs are built into our genetic structure as instructions for how we must attempts to live our lives Paraphrase: We are born with the five needs/ The five needs are inborn or innate in human being 2 )if we are to fulfill our biological destiny biological destiny: to go through childhood adolescence adulthood and old age, to produce offspring and die 3)That their teachings have been largely accepted when what they advocate is so obviously self-serving is a tribute to how effective they have been in getting thei Attention to the sarcastic tone/ irony in the sentence Self-serving: gaining an advantage for oneself 4)Regardless of cultural prejud ices, power itself is neither good nor bad Regardless of taking no account of, with no heed to The couple decided to send their son to an elite high school regardless of whether they could afford it n spite of: All of us have the right to be educated regardless of age and sex freedom of all. regardless of race or creed 5)… seem like an eternity (infml)to be very long Paraphrase: Any feeling of satisfaction with how we are treated wont last as long as a week
4 strive (to do; for; after); 竞争, 斗争(with); 反抗 (against) -strive hard to make greater progress -strive for accuracy 力争确切 --strive with [against] a temptation [difficulty]和诱惑[困难]作斗争 14) tyrant: dictator, oppressor, slave driver, taskmaster -a local tyrant -scholarship tyrant 15) unbridled adj. unrestrained; uncontrolled: -unbridled anger. Not wearing or being fitted with a bridle: -an unbridled pony. Unbridle v. His annoyance had unbridled his tongue.他的烦恼使他打开了话匣子。 Phrase Analysis: 1) All five needs are built into our genetic structure as instructions for how we must attempts to live our lives. Paraphrase: We are born with the five needs/ The five needs are inborn or innate in human being. 2)if we are to fulfill our biological destiny biological destiny: to go through childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age, to produce offspring and die 3) That their teachings have been largely accepted when what they advocate is so obviously self-serving is a tribute to how effective they have been in getting their message across. Attention to the sarcastic tone/ irony in the sentence. Self-serving: gaining an advantage for oneself 4) Regardless of cultural prejudices, power itself is neither good nor bad. Regardless of: taking no account of, with no heed to … - The couple decided to send their son to an elite high school regardless of whether they could afford it. In spite of: -- All of us have the right to be educated regardless of age and sex. -- freedom of all, regardless of race or creed 5) … seem like an eternity (infml) to be very long Paraphrase: Any feeling of satisfaction with how we are treated won’t last as long as a week
6)... even the humble compete for who can be the humblest of all Another ironical sentence, mocking at those politicians who try to appear humble It serves as a proof to demonstrate how human need for power, to be competitive Step 4: Discourse analvses A B C on how to write an es The essay must be well structured (ie organised) and presented in a way that the reader finds easy to follow and clear. Above all, it must consist of your ideas about literary texts. This is the centre of it: this, and this only, gets the marks It should have what's known as a topic sentence, near the beginning, that announces the theme of the paragraph. The paragraph should not deviate from this theme or introduce any new themes The first sentence should somehow be linked to, or contrast with, the last sentence of the pre ecIous paragraph The first paragraph should announce clearly the theme of the essay. I prefer first paragraphs that quite baldly say "I am going to do this and that in this essay" .(Some don't however ). In the first paragraph also you should define your version of the title and make it clear. If the marker knows from the beginning what you are going to do, s/he can bear it in mind and be aware that you are sticking to the point and developing it, because s/he will know what the point is The last paragraph is not so important. You can proudly announce that you have fulfilled the aims of the first paragraph, if you like, or you can just end: it's up to you But the main thing is to to make each paragraph a solid unit that develops a clearly announced sub-theme of the essay Pay attention to how the article is organized a description of a typical beautiful American village until one day a evil spell perched Followed is the exp lanation of the cause of the cha ith the central argument being that Human beings are tampering with nature by abusing chemical insecticides Step 5: Dealing with the possible problems asked by the students
5 6) … even the humble compete for who can be the humblest of all. Another ironical sentence, mocking at those politicians who try to appear humble It serves as a proof to demonstrate how human need for power, to be competitive Step 4: Discourse analyses A.B.C on how to write an essay: The essay must be well structured (ie organised) and presented in a way that the reader finds easy to follow and clear. Above all, it must consist of your ideas about literary texts. This is the centre of it: this, and this only, gets the marks. • It should have what's known as a topic sentence, near the beginning, that announces the theme of the paragraph. The paragraph should not deviate from this theme or introduce any new themes. • The first sentence should somehow be linked to, or contrast with, the last sentence of the previous paragraph. • The first paragraph should announce clearly the theme of the essay. I prefer first paragraphs that quite baldly say "I am going to do this and that in this essay". (Some don't, however). In the first paragraph also you should define your version of the title and make it clear. If the marker knows from the beginning what you are going to do, s/he can bear it in mind and be aware that you are sticking to the point and developing it, because s/he will know what the point is. • The last paragraph is not so important. You can proudly announce that you have fulfilled the aims of the first paragraph, if you like, or you can just end: it's up to you. But the main thing is to to make each paragraph a solid unit that develops a clearly announced sub-theme of the essay. Pay attention to how the article is organized: A description of a typical beautiful American village until one day a evil spell perched on it. Followed is the explanation of the cause of the changes with the central argument being that Human beings are tampering with nature by abusing chemical insecticides. Step 5: Dealing with the possible problems asked by the students