edson. lue 7eut twelve ngy men(Pat Ower s Teaching objectives: 1. Introduction to drama: types and elements 2. Introduction to American legal system 3. Features of dramatic language Time Distribution(5 hours) 1. the first 2 hours: introduction to background knowledge, key words and expressions 2. the next 2 hours: detailed study of the text, language points and role play 3. The last I hour will be devoted to work on the text, including all the rest Exercises and oral discussion when necessary i Teaching Procedures Step 1: Introduction to Background Knowledge about the author and the text. Reginald rose(1920-) is a native New Yorker, best known as a writer for television. The Tivelve Angry Men was written in 1954 based on his experience as a juror. The play was turned into a movie in 1957 with Henry Fonda starring as No. 8. The present text is based on that movie, with much abridgement. What distinguished Rose's teleplays was their direct preoccupation with social and political issues Step 2: Words and Phrases Learning l ab*stain abstain abstains abstaining abstained 1) If you abstain from something, usually something you want to do, you deliberately do not do it. (FORMAL) Abstain from sex or use condoms Do you drink alcohol, smoke, or abstain? VERB: V from n,Ⅴ 2) If you abstain during a vote, you do not use your vote Three Conservative MPs ab VERB: V 1) The characteristics of a person or thing are the qualities or features that belong to ther and make them recognizable Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing
1 Text A Twelve Angry Men (Part One) Teaching Objectives: 1. Introduction to drama: types and elements 2. Introduction to American legal system 3. Features of dramatic language Time Distribution (5 hours): 1. the first 2 hours: introduction to background knowledge, key words and expressions 2. the next 2 hours: detailed study of the text, language points and role play. 3. The last 1 hour will be devoted to work on the text, including all the rest Exercises and oral discussion when necessary. Teaching Procedures: Step 1: Introduction to Background Knowledge About the author and the text: Reginald Rose (1920—) is a native New Yorker, best known as a writer for television. The Twelve Angry Men was written in 1954 based on his experience as a juror. The play was turned into a movie in 1957 with Henry Fonda starring as No. 8. The present text is based on that movie, with much abridgement. What distinguished Rose’s teleplays was their direct preoccupation with social and political issues. Step 2: Words and Phrases Learning 1. ab*stain abstain abstains abstaining abstained 1) If you abstain from something, usually something you want to do, you deliberately do not do it. (FORMAL) Abstain from sex or use condoms... Do you drink alcohol, smoke, or abstain? VERB: V from n, V 2) If you abstain during a vote, you do not use your vote. Three Conservative MPs abstained in the vote. VERB: V 2. char*ac*ter*is*tic 1) The characteristics of a person or thing are the qualities or features that belong to them and make them recognizable. Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing
their physical characteristics N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp feature trait 2) A quality or feature that is characteristic of someone or something is one which is ofte seen in them and seems typical of them Windmills are a characteristic feature of the Mallorcan landscape Nehru responded with characteristic generosity ADJ: oft AdJ ofn typical *uncharacteristic char*ac*ter*is*ti*cal"ly lly robust style. ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v, ADV with cl character characterize 3. coincidence: A coincidence is when two or more similar or related events occur at the same time by chance and without any planning. Mr. Berry said the timing was a coincidence and that his decision was unrelated to Mr. Roman's depar The premises of Chabert and Sons were situated by the riverand, by coincidence, not too far way from where Eric Talbot had met his death N-VAR co*in° ci*dent 1) Coincident events happen at the same time (FORMAL) Coincident with the talks, the bank was permitted to open a New York branch ADJ: oft v-link adj with n 2)Coincident opinions, ideas, or policies are the same or are very similar to each other (FORMAL) Their aims are coincident with ours Coincident interests with the corporate rich and political directorate are pointed out ADJ: oft v-link aDj with n co*in*ci*dental: Something that is coincidental is the result of a coincidence and has not been deliberately arranged Anmy resemblance to actual persons, places or events is purely coincidental ADJ, usu v-link adj. oft it v-link adj that 4. di If one thing diverges from another similar thing, the first thing becomes different from the second or develops differently from it. You can also say that two things diverge Isingly from those ofhis colleagues When the aims of the partners begin to diverge, there's trouble V-RECIP: V from n, pl-n V If one opinion or idea diverges from another, they contra dict each other or are different You can also say that two opinions or ideas diverge The view of the Estonian government does not diverge that far from Lipmaa's thinking 2
2 ...their physical characteristics. N-COUNT: usu pl, usu with supp = feature, trait 2) A quality or feature that is characteristic of someone or something is one which is often seen in them and seems typical of them. Windmills are a characteristic feature of the Mallorcan landscape... Nehru responded with characteristic generosity. ADJ: oft ADJ of n = typical * uncharacteristic * char*ac*ter*is*ti*cal*ly He replied in characteristically robust style... ADV: usu ADV adj, also ADV with v, ADV with cl character characterize 3. coincidence: A coincidence is when two or more similar or related events occur at the same time by chance and without any planning. Mr. Berry said the timing was a coincidence and that his decision was unrelated to Mr. Roman's departure... The premises of Chabert and Sons were situated by the river and, by coincidence, not too far away from where Eric Talbot had met his death. N-VAR co*in*ci*dent 1) Coincident events happen at the same time. (FORMAL) ...coincident birth times... Coincident with the talks, the bank was permitted to open a New York branch. ADJ: oft v-link ADJ with n 2) Coincident opinions, ideas, or policies are the same or are very similar to each other. (FORMAL) Their aims are coincident with ours... Coincident interests with the corporate rich and political directorate are pointed out. ADJ: oft v-link ADJ with n co*in*ci*dent*al: Something that is coincidental is the result of a coincidence and has not been deliberately arranged. Any resemblance to actual persons, places or events is purely coincidental... ADJ: usu v-link ADJ, oft it v-link ADJ that 4. diverge 1) If one thing diverges from another similar thing, the first thing becomes different from the second or develops differently from it. You can also say that two things diverge. His interests increasingly diverged from those of his colleagues... When the aims of the partners begin to diverge, there's trouble. V-RECIP: V from n, pl-n V 2) If one opinion or idea diverges from another, they contradict each other or are different. You can also say that two opinions or ideas diverge. The view of the Estonian government does not diverge that far from Lipmaa's thinking
Needless to say, theory and practice sometimes diverged. V-RECIP: no cont, V from n, pl-n V Ifone road, path, or route diverges from another, they lead in different directions after starting from the same place. You can also say that roads, paths, or routes diverge a course that diverged from the Calvert lsland coastline. ke the middle branch V-RECIP: V from n, pl-n V ≠ t di*vergence: A divergence is a difference between two or more things, attitudes, or opinions (FORMAL) There's a substantial divergence of opinion within the party supp ≠ convergence di*ver*gent; Divergent things are different from each other. (FORMAL) wwo people who have divergent views on this question 5. for"gery Forgery is the crime of forging money, documents, or paintings He was found guilty offorgery N-UNCO You can refer to a forged document, banknote, or painting as a forgery The letter was a forgery N-COUNT fo If one person or institution forges an agreement or relationship with another, they create it with a lot of hard work, hoping that it will be strong or lasting The Prime Minister is determined to forge a good relationship with America's new They agreed to forge closer economic ties he programme aims to forge links between higher education and small businesses The Community was trying to forge a common foreign and security poll V-RECIP: V nwith n, pl-n Vn, NON-RECIP: V n between pl-n, Vn If someone forges something such as a banknote, a document, or a painting, they copy it or make it so that it looks genuine, in order to deceive people She alleged that Taylor had forged her signature on the form They used forged documents to leave the country VERB: Vn v-ed rgers the most prolific art forger in the country N-COUNT A forge is a place where someone makes metal goods and equipment by heating pieces of metal and then shaping them the blacksmith's forge Woodbury Blacksmith Forge Co
3 Needless to say, theory and practice sometimes diverged. V-RECIP: no cont, V from n, pl-n V 3) If one road, path, or route divergesfrom another, they lead in different directions after starting from the same place. You can also say that roads, paths, or routes diverge. ...a course that diverged from the Calvert Island coastline... Where three roads diverge take the middle branch. V-RECIP: V from n, pl-n V ≠ converge di*ver*gence : A divergence is a difference between two or more things, attitudes, or opinions. (FORMAL) There's a substantial divergence of opinion within the party... N-VAR: usu with supp ≠ convergence di*ver*gent: Divergent things are different from each other. (FORMAL) ...two people who have divergent views on this question... ADJ: usu ADJ n 5. for*gery 1) Forgery is the crime of forging money, documents, or paintings. He was found guilty of forgery. N-UNCOUNT 2) You can refer to a forged document, banknote, or painting as a forgery. The letter was a forgery. N-COUNT forge 1) If one person or institution forges an agreement or relationship with another, they create it with a lot of hard work, hoping that it will be strong or lasting. The Prime Minister is determined to forge a good relationship with America's new leader... They agreed to forge closer economic ties... The programme aims to forge links between higher education and small businesses... The Community was trying to forge a common foreign and security policy. V-RECIP: V n with n, pl-n V n, NON-RECIP: V n between pl-n, V n 2) If someone forges something such as a banknote, a document, or a painting, they copy it or make it so that it looks genuine, in order to deceive people. She alleged that Taylor had forged her signature on the form... They used forged documents to leave the country. VERB: V n, V-ed * forg*er forgers ...the most prolific art forger in the country. N-COUNT 3) A forge is a place where someone makes metal goods and equipment by heating pieces of metal and then shaping them. ...the blacksmith's forge. ...Woodbury Blacksmith & Forge Co
N-COUNT: oft in names If someone forges an object out of metal, they heat the metal and then hammer and bend it into the required shape To forge a blade takes great skill VERB:Vn forge ahead: If you forge ahead with something, you continue with it and make a lot of progress with it He again pledged to forge ahead with his plans for reform The two companies forged ahead, innovating and expanding PHRASAL VERB: V n, VP 6. pro *voke 1) If you provoke someone, you deliberately annoy them and try to make them behave aggressively He started beating me when /was about fifteen but I didn, t do anything to provoke him I provoked him into doing something really stupid. VERB: Vn, vn into-ing/n 2) If something provokes a reaction, it causes it His election success has provoked a shocked reaction VERB:Vn + pro*voca*tive If you describe something as provocative, you mean that it is intended to make people react angrily or argue against it He has made a string of outspoken and sometimes provocative speeches in recent His behavior was called provocative and antisocial ADJ pro*voca* tive*I The soldiers fired into the air when the demonstrators behaved provocatively ADV usu adv with y If you describe someones clothing or behaviour as provocative, you mean that it is intended to make someone feel sexual desire Some adolescents might be more sexually mature and provocative than others ADJ pro She smiled provocatively ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj If you describe a person's action as provocation or a provocation, you mean that it is a reason for someone else to react angrily, violently, or emotionally He denies murder on the grounds of provocation The soldiers fired without provocation N-VAR: usu prep N
4 N-COUNT: oft in names 4) If someone forges an object out of metal, they heat the metal and then hammer and bend it into the required shape. To forge a blade takes great skill. VERB: V n forge ahead: If you forge ahead with something, you continue with it and make a lot of progress with it. He again pledged to forge ahead with his plans for reform... The two companies forged ahead, innovating and expanding. PHRASAL VERB: V P with n, V P 6. pro*voke 1) If you provoke someone, you deliberately annoy them and try to make them behave aggressively. He started beating me when I was about fifteen but I didn't do anything to provoke him... I provoked him into doing something really stupid. VERB: V n, V n into -ing/n 2) If something provokes a reaction, it causes it. His election success has provoked a shocked reaction... VERB: V n pro*voca*tive 1) If you describe something as provocative, you mean that it is intended to make people react angrily or argue against it. He has made a string of outspoken and sometimes provocative speeches in recent years... His behavior was called provocative and antisocial. ADJ * pro*voca*tive*ly The soldiers fired into the air when the demonstrators behaved provocatively. ADV: usu ADV with v 2) If you describe someone's clothing or behaviour as provocative, you mean that it is intended to make someone feel sexual desire. Some adolescents might be more sexually mature and provocative than others. ADJ * pro*voca*tive*ly She smiled provocatively. ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj provo*ca*tion If you describe a person's action as provocation or a provocation, you mean that it is a reason for someone else to react angrily, violently, or emotionally. He denies murder on the grounds of provocation... The soldiers fired without provocation... N-VAR: usu prep N
Step 3: Language points/Discourse analvsis: 1 Introduction to dramas: types and elements Drama Terms Kinds of drama Tragedy Comed Elements of drama o Romantic Plot Ther Conflict Concerns of Drama Round /Dynamic Flat/ Static Artistic Unity Foil character dramatic point of o Stock character o Tone Motivation o Written to be o Soliloquy De Audience
5 Step 3: Language points/Discourse analysis: 1. Introduction to dramas: types and elements Drama Terms Kinds of Drama • Tragedy • Comedy • Farce/Fantasy • Melodrama o Romantic o Satiric Concerns of Drama • Artistic Unity • Dramatic Point of View • Motivation •Written to be performed • Actors • Staging • Audience Elements of Drama • Plot • Theme • Setting • Conflict • Characterization o Protagonist ▪ Round / Dynamic o Antagonist ▪ Flat / Static o Tragic Hero o Foil Character o Stock Character • Language o Tone o Aside o Soliloquy o dialogue • Climax • Denouement
Classical tragedy Classical Comedy Is the comic mask laughing or smiling? We Tragedy emphasizes human greatness laugh at something but we smile with celebrates human freedom someone. The laugh expresses recognition of This attitude toward man is summed up some absurdity in human behavior; the smile by Shakespeare's Hamlet, "What a piece expresses pleasure in someone's company or of work is man! how noble in reason! good fortune. "Comedy lies between satire How infinite in faculty! In form and and romance moving how express and admirable! In action how like an angel! In apprehension how like a god Comedy delineates human weakness The tragic hero is a man of noble reveals man as a spectacle of human ridiculousness The tragic hero is good but not This attitude is summed up by perfect and his fall results from Shakespeares Puck,"Lord what fools committing what Aristotle calls"an these mortals be!” act of zic flaw. His fall is his own fault the result of hi deserved. The punishment exceeds the crime Yet the tragic fall is not pure loss; although it may result in the protagonists death it has brought an increased awareness, some gain in self knowledge when well performed, it does not leave the audience in a state of Melodrama Fantasy/Farce 2. Introduction to American legal system 1) In the judicial system in the USA, the jury trial is an important component. The jury consists of 12 Jurors, selected at random, agreed on by the lawyers of the two sides, who will, after hearing all the evidence and cross-examination and after careful deliberation, give a verdict of guilty or not guilty. If the verdict is guilty, then the judge will give the sentence. If the verdict is not guilty, then 6
6 Classical Tragedy Tragedy emphasizes human greatness celebrates human freedom This attitude toward man is summed up by Shakespeare’s Hamlet, “What a piece of work is man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculty! In form and moving how express and admirable! In action how like an angel! In apprehension how like a god!” • The tragic hero is a man of noble stature. • The tragic hero is good but not perfect and his fall results from committing what Aristotle calls “an act of injustice” as a result of his tragic flaw. • His fall is his own fault, the result of his own free choice. • His misfortune is not wholly deserved. The punishment exceeds the crime. • Yet the tragic fall is not pure loss; although it may result in the protagonist’s death it has brought an increased awareness, some gain in self knowledge. • Though it arouses solemn emotions, when well performed, it does not leave the audience in a state of depression. Classical Comedy Is the comic mask laughing or smiling? We laugh at something but we smile with someone. The laugh expresses recognition of some absurdity in human behavior; the smile expresses pleasure in someone's company or good fortune. "Comedy lies between satire and romance. • Comedy delineates human weakness • points to human limitations • reveals man as a spectacle of human ridiculousness • This attitude is summed up by Shakespeare’s Puck, “Lord what fools these mortals be!” Melodrama Fantasy/Farce 2.Introduction to American legal system: 1) In the judicial system in the USA, the jury trial is an important component. The jury consists of 12 jurors, selected at random, agreed on by the lawyers of the two sides, who will, after hearing all the evidence and cross-examination and after careful deliberation, give a verdict of guilty or not guilty. If the verdict is guilty, then the judge will give the sentence. If the verdict is not guilty, then
the judge will have to acquit the accused no matter whether he agrees with the verdict or not, and the acquitted cannot be tried on the same charge with the same evidence 2)ABC about American court system a. The accused is deemed innocent until and unless proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt b. The burden of proof is on the prosecutor c. In most cases, the verdict has to be unanimously reached. The majority of a jury is not sufficient to find a defendant guilty of a felony; d. a trial doesn't aim at discovering who committed a particular crime, but rather the innocentce or guilt of the accused 3. Legal terms. 1) Innocent until proven guilty 2)The burden of proof is no the prosecution 3)testimony, coroner, motive 4. Features of dramatic languages 1)colloquy e.g. Yes, lets vote. Maybe we can all get out of here Then how come you vote not guilty? Now you can say that again. I totally agree with what you said 2)elliptical and incomplete sentence structures e.g. Couldnt change my mink if you talked for a hundred years Four inches into the chest.(para. 10) 3)Manipulation of tone or voices e.g. You're a pretty smart fellow, arent you?(para. 37)(threatening tone) This is a real fine boy. (para. 49)(ironic tone) Brother, you really are something.(para. 88)(irritated and ironic tone) Step 4: Dealing with the possible problems asked by the students How to paraphrase the following sentences 1)No. 8:.. I just think we owe him a few words. Thats all. (para. 19) 2)No. 9:... Since when is dishonesty a group characteristic?(para. 21) 3)No 4: It may have been two too many. Everyone has a breaking point. (para. 47 Step 5: Role play(optional
7 the judge will have to acquit the accused no matter whether he agrees with the verdict or not, and the acquitted cannot be tried on the same charge with the same evidence. 2) ABC about American court system: a. The accused is deemed innocent until and unless proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt; b. The burden of proof is on the prosecutor; c. In most cases, the verdict has to be unanimously reached. The majority of a jury is not sufficient to find a defendant guilty of a felony; d. A trial doesn’t aim at discovering who committed a particular crime, but rather the innocentce or guilt of the accused. 3. Legal terms: 1) Innocent until proven guilty. 2) The burden of proof is no the prosecution. 3) testimony, coroner, motive 4. Features of dramatic languages: 1) colloquial: e.g. Yes, let’s vote. Maybe we can all get out of here. Then how come you vote not guilty? Now you can say that again. = I totally agree with what you said. 2) elliptical and incomplete sentence structures: e.g. Couldn’t change my mink if you talked for a hundred years. Four inches into the chest. (para. 10) 3) Manipulation of tone or voices: e.g. You’re a pretty smart fellow, aren’t you? (para. 37) (threatening tone) This is a real fine boy. (para. 49) (ironic tone) Brother, you really are something. (para. 88) (irritated and ironic tone) Step 4: Dealing with the possible problems asked by the students How to paraphrase the following sentences: 1) No. 8: … I just think we owe him a few words. That’s all. (para. 19) 2) No. 9: … Since when is dishonesty a group characteristic? (para. 21) 3) No. 4: It may have been two too many. Everyone has a breaking point. (para. 47) Step 5: Role play (optional)
