Unit 8 Psychologically Speakin 教学目的1以课文内容为基础,借助一些文化背景资料和图片使学生通过文化 背景知识,了解不同时代观念上的尖锐冲突问题 2通过问答和讲解的方式,帮助学生对观念差异问题获得感性认识。 3通过讨论深入探讨这种社会现象的同时,提高学生讨论问题的口语 表达能力,锻炼学生的英语运用能力 4课前有趣的话题、竞争的气氛和合作的态度以及课后的心理游戏也 有助于加快学生进入最佳的学习状态 教学内容1借助多种教学途径介绍文化背景知识。 2精讲课文使学生掌握语言点启发学生寻找重点词汇,运用文章中 的语言和短语词汇复述故事,帮助学生把 扩充词汇量和在具体情景中使用词汇有机结合起来。并且讨论提供 不同的故事结局。 3熟悉课文的写作手法,通过一对美国普通家庭的母女观念上的冲 突,引发了不同时代人的观念差异。文章多以普通对话为主,口语 交流,语言通俗简单易懂,揭示了一个严肃的社会问题 4采用多样形式,结合本课特点和授课实际,由学生分角色朗读课 文,分饰角色,以话剧的形式表现故事和结局。布置练习,通过课 后练习随堂做使学生加深对所涉及的内容的理解和掌握。设计话题 激发学生联系实际谈谈两代人的代沟问题 教学方法讲授为主,结合问答,讨论,练习,分角色朗读课文 Unit8 Psychologically Speaking Background Information Sigmund Freud was born on May 6 1856, in the small town of Freiberg, Moravia, which is now in Czechoslovakia. He was the eldest of eight children born to jacob and Amalie Freud When Freud was about three years old his father, who was a wool merchant, lost much of his business. The family were now poor and had to leave Freiberg, where Freud was happy, and go to live in Vienna, the capital city of Austria. It was in Vienna that Freud came across anti-semitism反犹太教 for the first time. Jewish people had been persecuted in Europe for hundreds of years and they would often be called names or attacked on the street Freud's father told him of a time when a man knocked his hat into the road and told him to get off the pavement. "What did you do? asked Freud. "I walked into the road and picked up my hat"replied his father. That incident made the young Freud feel more Freud was intelligent and hard-working at school, and always liked to express his opinions even when he disagreed with his teachers or other pupils. When he was older Freud said that he didnt think he was particularly clever, even though he often came top of the class- the most important thing was working hard and wanting to find out about things
1 Unit 8 Psychologically Speaking 教学目的 1 以课文内容为基础，借助一些文化背景资料和图片使学生通过文化 背景知识，了解不同时代观念上的尖锐冲突问题。 2 通过问答和讲解的方式，帮助学生对观念差异问题获得感性认识。 3 通过讨论深入探讨这种社会现象的同时，提高学生讨论问题的口语 表达能力，锻炼学生的英语运用能力 4 课前有趣的话题、竞争的气氛和合作的态度以及课后的心理游戏也 有助于加快学生进入最佳的学习状态。 教学内容 1 借助多种教学途径介绍文化背景知识。 2 精讲课文使学生掌握语言点启发学生寻找重点词汇，运用文章中 的语言和短语词汇复述故事，帮助学生把 扩充词汇量和在具体情景中使用词汇有机结合起来。并且讨论提供 不同的故事结局。 3 熟悉课文的写作手法，通过一对美国普通家庭的母女观念上的冲 突，引发了不同时代人的观念差异。文章多以普通对话为主，口语 交流，语言通俗简单易懂，揭示了一个严肃的社会问题。 4 采用多样形式，结合本课特点和授课实际，由学生分角色朗读课 文，分饰角色，以话剧的形式表现故事和结局。布置练习，通过课 后练习随堂做使学生加深对所涉及的内容的理解和掌握。设计话题 激发学生联系实际谈谈两代人的代沟问题。 教学方法 讲授为主，结合问答，讨论，练习，分角色朗读课文， Unit 8 Psychologically Speaking Background Information Sigmund Freud was born on May 6 1856, in the small town of Freiberg, Moravia, which is now in Czechoslovakia. He was the eldest of eight children born to Jacob and Amalie Freud. When Freud was about three years old his father, who was a wool merchant, lost much of his business. The family were now poor and had to leave Freiberg, where Freud was happy, and go to live in Vienna, the capital city of Austria. It was in Vienna that Freud came across anti-semitism 反犹太教 for the first time. Jewish people had been persecuted in Europe for hundreds of years and they would often be called names or attacked on the street. Freud's father told him of a time when a man knocked his hat into the road and told him to get off the pavement. "What did you do?" asked Freud. "I walked into the road and picked up my hat" replied his father. That incident made the young Freud feel more…. Freud was intelligent and hard-working at school, and always liked to express his opinions even when he disagreed with his teachers or other pupils. When he was older Freud said that he didn't think he was particularly clever, even though he often came top of the class - the most important thing was working hard and wanting to find out about things
When he left school he was not sure what he wanted to do. at first he thought he would become a lawyer. Then he decided to study medicine and become a doctor, so he enrolled in the medical school of the University of Vienna. From 1859 until 1938, Sigmund Freud was a doctor in Vienna, While he was still at university, Freud decided to specialize in neurology, the study and eatment of the brain and the nervous system. In 1885, just before he got married, he obtained a grant to go to Paris to see the famous neurologist Jean Martin Charcot. Freud returned from Paris determined to study and treat mental disorders. He called his new ideas Experience During all his time in Vienna the Freud family had to suffer many hardships Firstly during the First World War And then in the economic depression when Austrian money became almost worthless. After the War there was a great epidemic of flu. Freuds daughter Sophie died in 1920, and three years later his grandson Heinerle died too In March1938. Freud come to London to flee from the nazis after the german annexation of austria In 1939, he died in his study at 20 Maresfield Garden, London, and later was cremated #t. His ashes are interred #4 in a greek urn from his collection in the Columbarium at Golders Green Crematorium. London. The last 16 years of Freuds life were spent in continual pain, physical discomfort. He had cancer of the jaw(mouth)and was operated on over thirty more times, as well as radiation treatment, the fitting of an artificial palate and jaw, and an overdose of morphine dministered by his doctor. The operations also caused deafness in his right ear, together with heart failure. Throughout this time Freud continued to smoke he knew it was killing him but he carried on, despite the advice of family, doctors, and friends In his six children, the youngest one, Anna Freud became a pioneering psychoanalyst, and an important theorist of psychoanalysis Works: in a chronological order Studies on Hysteria (with Breuer) Project for a Scientific Psychology (unpublished) 1895 The Interpretation of Dreams1900 The Psychopathology of Everyday life. 1901 Fragment ofan Analysis of a Case of Hysteria 1905 New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis 1916
2 When he left school he was not sure what he wanted to do. At first he thought he would become a lawyer. Then he decided to study medicine and become a doctor, so he enrolled in the medical school of the University of Vienna. From 1859 until 1938, Sigmund Freud was a doctor in Vienna, While he was still at university, Freud decided to specialize in neurology, the study and treatment of the brain and the nervous system. In 1885, just before he got married, he obtained a grant to go to Paris to see the famous neurologist Jean Martin Charcot. Freud returned from Paris determined to study and treat mental disorders. He called his new ideas 'psychoanalysis' Experience During all his time in Vienna the Freud family had to suffer many hardships. Firstly during the First World War, And then in the economic depression when Austrian money became almost worthless. After the War there was a great epidemic of flu. Freud's daughter Sophie died in 1920, and three years later his grandson Heinerle died too. In March1938, Freud come to London to flee from the Nazis after the German annexation of Austria. In 1939, he died in his study at 20 Maresfield Garden, London, and later was cremated 火 葬. His ashes are interred 埋葬 in a Greek urn from his collection, in the Columbarium at Golders Green Crematorium, London. The last 16 years of Freud's life were spent in continual pain, physical discomfort. He had cancer of the jaw (mouth) and was operated on over thirty more times, as well as radiation treatment, the fitting of an artificial palate and jaw, and an overdose of morphine administered by his doctor. The operations also caused deafness in his right ear, together with heart failure. Throughout this time Freud continued to smoke. He knew it was killing him but he carried on, despite the advice of family, doctors, and friends. In his six children, the youngest one, Anna Freud became a pioneering psychoanalyst, and an important theorist of psychoanalysis. Works: in a chronological order Studies on Hysteria (with Breuer) Project for a Scientific Psychology(unpublished) 1895. ‘The Interpretation of Dreams’ 1900 The Psychopathology of Everyday Life . 1901 Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria 1905 New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis 1916
roup Psychology and the analysis of the ego 1921 The Future of an Ilusion. 1927 vilization and its Discontents. /930 Moses and Monotheism. 1939 S.弗洛伊德 Sigmund freud1856-1939 奥地利心理学家,精神分析学派创始人。出生于奥地利的摩拉维亚(现属捷克),三岁时随 父移居维也纳,1876年于维也纳大学医学系毕业,1881年获医学博士学位。1885年留学 巴黎,跟随法国精神医学家沙克学习臆病的催眠疗法。归国后与神经病医生布洛伊尔合作, 使用催眠疗法治疗臆病患者。随着临床经验的增加,弗洛伊德认为臆病是由性的原因引起的 Text Analysis Situational Comedy Major conflict: the conflict between the mother, Mrs. Kent and the daughter, Eve Minor conflict: the fight over Mrs. Kent between Mr. Kent and Professor Waring, the psychologist The interesting thing is the resolution of the first conflict occurred at the same time when the second conflict was resolved This is what we might call a situational comedy. It does not have a particularly significant social or moral message to give to the readers. Nor can it be regarded as a great work of art. The main merit is its amusing story The play was written around 1940 and the setting was presumably a small town the south of the United States. The chief conflict in the play was between the mother who wanted to stick to the trad itional way of life and the daughter who yearned for change and freedom, especially, as is often the case, in love and marrage Structure Part I(paral-paral2)The story between Mrs. Kent and Thelma Part II(paral 1) The story between Mrs. Kent and her daughter, Eve Part IiI (para32-para52 ) The story between Mrs. Kent and Pro. Waring, the psychologist Part IV(para53-para57)The psychological experiment Sigmund Freud(1856-1939 Austrian psychiatrist(精神病医师) and founder of psychoanalysis, the most influential psychological theorist of the 20th-century. Freud 's theories, includ ing the concept of the Oedipus complex(恋母情结), have had an enormous influence on art literature, and social thinking. Freuds fundamental idea was that all humans are endowed with an unconscious in which potent sexual and aggressive drives, and defenses against them, struggle for supremacy Words and expressions 1. Mrs. Kent is seated in a large armchair beside a table, sewing. ( Setting) Notice the setting of the play. The fact that Mrs. Kent was seen sewing when the curtain rose showed that the story took place quite a long time ago, at a time when middle-class women would take sewing as a natural and respectable pastime
3 Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego 1921 The Future of an Illusion. 1927 Civilization and its Discontents. 1930 Moses and Monotheism. 1939 S.弗洛伊德 Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 奥地利心理学家，精神分析学派创始人。出生于奥地利的摩拉维亚（现属捷克），三岁时随 父移居维也纳，1876 年于维也纳大学医学系毕业，·1881 年获医学博士学位。1885 年留学 巴黎，跟随法国精神医学家沙克学习臆病的催眠疗法。归国后与神经病医生布洛伊尔合作， 使用催眠疗法治疗臆病患者。随着临床经验的增加，弗洛伊德认为臆病是由性的原因引起的 Text Analysis Situational Comedy Major conflict: the conflict between the mother, Mrs. Kent and the daughter, Eve. Minor conflict: the fight over Mrs. Kent between Mr. Kent and Professor Waring, the psychologist. The interesting thing is the resolution of the first conflict occurred at the same time when the second conflict was resolved. This is what we might call a situational comedy. It does not have a particularly significant social or moral message to give to the readers. Nor can it be regarded as a great work of art. The main merit is its amusing story. The play was written around 1940 and the setting was presumably a small town in the south of the United States. The chief conflict in the play was between the mother who wanted to stick to the traditional way of life and the daughter who yearned for change and freedom, especially, as is often the case, in love and marriage. Structure Part I (para1-para12) The story between Mrs. Kent and Thelma. Part II (para13-para31) The story between Mrs. Kent and her daughter, Eve Part III (para32-para52)The story between Mrs. Kent and Pro. Waring, the psychologist. Part IV (para53-para57) The psychological experiment. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Austrian psychiatrist (精神病医师) and founder of psychoanalysis, the most influential psychological theorist of the 20th-century. Freud‘s theories, including the concept of the Oedipus complex (恋母情结), have had an enormous influence on art, literature, and social thinking. Freud's fundamental idea was that all humans are endowed with an unconscious in which potent sexual and aggressive drives, and defenses against them, struggle for supremacy. Words and expressions 1. Mrs. Kent is seated in a large armchair beside a table, sewing. (Setting) Notice the setting of the play. The fact that Mrs. Kent was seen sewing when the curtain rose showed that the story took place quite a long time ago, at a time when middle-class women would take sewing as a natural and respectable pastime
seat vt to sit down 2. I declare, you make me nervous, fussing and wasting time like that. (paral) Today people would call housemaids babysitters or home managers, and the way they are treated would also be significantly different I to say sth officially or publicly; 2 to state sth. firmly and clearly e.g. The government declared a state of emergency during the SARS period (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome He declared that he was in love with her I declare: I must say: I must tell you what i think and feel about it fuss to give too much attention to small, unimportant matters Translate:她总是过分讲究穿着 She is always fussing with her clothes There was a terrible fuss about who should sit where 3. What is it? I know you want something, or you wouldn't fool around so. Out with it (paral) fool make a fool of sb (to say or do sth deliberately to make people think that sb. is stupid. e.g. Can't you see she's making a fool of you? I made a complete fool of myself in front of everyone You could have fooled me (Spoken-English, used to say that you don t believe what sb. else says) eg." I'm trying as hard as I can!” You could have fooled me.说的跟真的似的 fool s parad ( a state of happiness that is based on sth. that is false or can' t last)虚幻的幸福 fool around to waste time instead of doing sth. you should be doing Translate:他整天闲逛 He fools around everyday. He fools about everyday Out with it: tell me about it. ("Out with it" is used when it seems very difficult to say 4. There's a dance up at Crosby,'s barn tonight, and Bill Fox, you know him, ma'am, he works in Paxley's garage he's asked me to go. (para2) It turned out that Thelma just wanted to ask for the permission to go to the dance with her boyfriend up at Crosby's barn: Up"here indicates direction, usu. we mean north of, here we can understand it as"up north arage" here refers to a place where motor vehicles(机动车辆) are repaired 5. We-ll, I don't know(para3) Well, I'm not sure whether I should let you go or not I don't know is often used when you disagree slightly or feel slightly annoyed or Ars. Kent obviously treated Thelma as a child who did not know what was right and what was wrong, and therefore considered herself responsible for her housemaid's
4 seat vt. to sit down. e.g. Please be seated.= Please sit down. 2. I declare, you make me nervous, fussing and wasting time like that. (para1) Today people would call housemaids babysitters or home managers, and the way they are treated would also be significantly different. declare v. 1 to say sth. officially or publicly; 2 to state sth. firmly and clearly e.g. The government declared a state of emergency during the SARS period. (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ) He declared that he was in love with her. I declare: I must say; I must tell you what I think and feel about it fuss: to give too much attention to small, unimportant matters Translate: 她总是过分讲究穿着. She is always fussing with her clothes. There was a terrible fuss about who should sit where. 3. What is it? I know you want something, or you wouldn’t fool around so. Out with it. (para1) fool make a fool of sb. (to say or do sth. deliberately to make people think that sb. is stupid. ) e.g. Can’t you see she’s making a fool of you? I made a complete fool of myself in front of everyone. You could have fooled me. (Spoken-English, used to say that you don’t believe what sb. else says) e.g. “I’m trying as hard as I can!” You could have fooled me. 说的跟真的似的. fool’s paradise (a state of happiness that is based on sth. that is false or can’t last ) 虚幻的幸福 fool around: to waste time instead of doing sth. you should be doing Translate: 他整天闲逛 He fools around everyday. = He fools about everyday. Out with it: tell me about it. ("Out with it" is used when it seems very difficult to say sth.) 4. There's a dance up at Crosby's barn tonight, and Bill Fox, you know him, ma'am, he works in Paxley's garage he's asked me to go. (para2) It turned out that Thelma just wanted to ask for the permission to go to the dance with her boyfriend up at Crosby's barn: "Up" here indicates direction, usu. we mean north of, here we can understand it as "up north". “Garage” here refers to a place where motor vehicles (机动车辆) are repaired. 5. We-ll, I don't know. (para3) Well, I'm not sure whether I should let you go or not. "I don't know" is often used when you disagree slightly or feel slightly annoyed or uncertain. Mrs. Kent obviously treated Thelma as a child who did not know what was right and what was wrong, and therefore considered herself responsible for her housemaid's
proper upbringing. People today would find this kind of attitude condescending and totally unacceptable 6. Why, he's that delicate -like.(para4 In spoken English, the adverb that"can replace " so the pattern ,e.g. I was that tired(that)I could not lift my legs Delicate: easily damaged or broken; small and having a beautiful shape or appearance, finely made; need ing careful or sensitive handling Translate: delicate china teacups The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body Babies have very delicate skin her delicate hands Women are treated like delicate flowers need ing special treatment the delicate mechanisms of a clock a delicate situation delicate -like could be understood as he is very sensitive to what is pro 7. He gave me a set of books called Greek Myth-mythic-mythiologgio, that's it! It should be"mythology ", but the maid could not remember exactly what it was and just came out with sth. close to it. It suggests that Thelma, the maid, was uneducated 8. That makes him perfectly respectable, Thelma, does it?(para9) Notice that in this tag-question, "does"is used rather than"doesn,'t". This is so because the expected answer is yes The whole sentence means"Oh, I see. So that makes him perfectly respectable respectable Respectable( worthy of respect or esteem citizens obey the laws He earns quite a respectable (considerable in amount,nu or size) Income He behaved in a respectful (showing respect ) way respe ting: with respect to; as to/ for Respecting your problem, we'll come to a decision later The three men were given work according to their respective (belonging or relating separately to each of the people or things already mentioned abilities The first and second prizes went to John and James respectively. (in the same rder as the people or things already mentioned 9. I wouldn 't go out with him, unless he was-not when I'm working for you. (para10) I wouldn't go out with him unless he was a decent guy. I wouldn't do that so long as I'm working for you because I don't want to bring shame to such a respectable family The idea that the behavior of a servant is the concern of the master conventional, almost med ieval. No wonder the daughter felt stifled in this family
5 proper upbringing. People today would find this kind of attitude condescending and totally unacceptable. 6. Why, he's that delicate-like. (para4) In spoken English, the adverb "that" can replace "so" in the pattern "so...that...",e.g. I was that tired (that) I could not lift my legs. Delicate: easily damaged or broken; small and having a beautiful shape or appearance; finely made; needing careful or sensitive handling Translate: delicate china teacups The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body. Babies have very delicate skin. her delicate hands Women are treated like delicate flowers needing special treatment. the delicate mechanisms of a clock a delicate situation delicate-like could be understood as he is very sensitive to what is proper 7. He gave me a set of books called Greek Myth-mythic-mythiologgio, that's it! (para8) (Note2, p203) It should be "mythology", but the maid could not remember exactly what it was, and just came out with sth. close to it. It suggests that Thelma, the maid, was uneducated. 8. That makes him perfectly respectable, Thelma, does it? (para9) Notice that in this tag-question," does" is used rather than "doesn't". This is so because the expected answer is yes. The whole sentence means "Oh, I see. So that makes him perfectly respectable." respectable: Respectable（ worthy of respect or esteem ）citizens obey the laws. He earns quite a respectable （considerable in amount, number, or size）income. respectful: He behaved in a respectful （showing respect）way. respecting: with respect to; as to/ for Respecting your problem, we’ll come to a decision later. respective: The three men were given work according to their respective （belonging or relating separately to each of the people or things already mentioned）abilities. The first and second prizes went to John and James respectively. (in the same order as the people or things already mentioned） 9. I wouldn't go out with him, unless he was-not when I'm working for you. (para10) I wouldn't go out with him unless he was a decent guy. I wouldn't do that so long as I'm working for you because I don't want to bring shame to such a respectable family. The idea that the behavior of a servant is the concern of the master is very conventional, almost medieval. No wonder the daughter felt stifled in this family
10. I've been to the most wonderful lecture given by Madame Tergehova She's simply too, too divine!(paral3) ivine. It is considered old-fashioned when it is used to mean "wonderful Nowadays it usually means "connected or coming from as in"divine plan " divine inspiration",etc Young people are more ready to embrace new ideas. This is their strong point as well as their weakness because it means that they can also more easily fall victim to ridiculous new fads 11. Oh, Mother, you've no idea how primitive we are-how simple, how bourgeois (paral5) Notice the different implications of the word"bourgeois"in different cultures. As a Marxist concept, it means"belonging to or typical of the class in a capital ist society that owns the means of production". But here it simply means too interested in property and social status"or"too vain, vulgar, and hypocritical ( pretty)) bourgeoisie:小资阶级 12. Puritans(清教徒) and Quakers(教友会成员或贵格会会员) These were the two major religious groups who came to the American continent from England in the 17th century. The puritans and Quakers both opposed the corrupt Church of England at that time and adopted very strict moral rules. These rules however, were considered old-fashioned and out-of-date by many at the time the story American history started in the New England area, and the dominant culture in this area was that of the Puritans(so called because they wanted to purify the corrupt Church), who came from England to escape relig ious persecution. The Puritans were considered religious radicals and the quakers were considered even more severe than the Puritans. The influence of the Puritans was so great that it is said that one must begin with them to understand any aspect of the American culture. In popular mind today however, Puritans are mainly remembered as a group of people who lived in constant fear of God's punishment? who lived and worked only for the glory of God who worked extremely hard, saved every penny, denied themselves of every worldly pleasure: who did not sing, or dance or play music or wear colorful clothes; who were obsessed with rules, discipline, responsibility, obedience, frugality 13. Stephen and I have decided on an experimental marriage. (paral7) decide on sth: to reach a decision about sth e.g. They haven't decided on the date yet The negotiations lasted several months, but they still could not decide on the terms If it works out, if we decide on a permanent marriage, we'll come back and be married at home. But if not, we're determined to go our separate ways,.(para17) If it works out: If it succeeds work out: 1)to develop in a successful way e.g. Things have worked out quite well for us 2)to calculate sth e.g. It'll work out cheaper to travel by bus
6 10. I've been to the most wonderful lecture given by Madame Tergehova. She's simply too, too divine! (para13) divine: It is considered old-fashioned when it is used to mean "wonderful". Nowadays it usually means "connected or coming from God" as in "divine plan", "divine inspiration", etc. Young people are more ready to embrace new ideas. This is their strong point as well as their weakness because it means that they can also more easily fall victim to ridiculous new fads. 11. Oh, Mother, you've no idea how primitive we are-how simple, how bourgeois! (para15) Notice the different implications of the word "bourgeois" in different cultures. As a Marxist concept, it means "belonging to or typical of the class in a capitalist society that owns the means of production". But here it simply means "too interested in property and social status" or "too vain, vulgar, and hypocritical". (pretty) bourgeoisie: 小资阶级 12. Puritans （清教徒） and Quakers （教友会成员或贵格会会员） These were the two major religious groups who came to the American continent from England in the 17th century. The puritans and Quakers both opposed the corrupt Church of England at that time and adopted very strict moral rules. These rules, however, were considered old-fashioned and out-of-date by many at the time the story took place. American history started in the New England area, and the dominant culture in this area was that of the Puritans (so called because they wanted to purify the corrupt Church), who came from England to escape religious persecution. The Puritans were considered religious radicals and the Quakers were considered even more severe than the Puritans. The influence of the Puritans was so great that it is said that one must begin with them to understand any aspect of the American culture. In popular mind today however, Puritans are mainly remembered as a group of people who lived in constant fear of God's punishment? who lived and worked only for the glory of God; who worked extremely hard, saved every penny, denied themselves of every worldly pleasure: who did not sing, or dance or play music or wear colorful clothes; who were obsessed with rules, discipline, responsibility, obedience, frugality. 13. Stephen and I have decided on an experimental marriage. (para17) decide on sth. : to reach a decision about sth. e. g. They haven't decided on the date yet. The negotiations lasted several months, but they still could not decide on the terms. 14. If it works out, if we decide on a permanent marriage, we'll come back and be married at home. But if not, we're determined to go our separate ways, ... (para17) If it works out: If it succeeds work out:1) to develop in a successful way e.g. Things have worked out quite well for us. 2) to calculate sth. e.g. It’ll work out cheaper to travel by bus
3)to understand sb e.g. Ive never been able to work her out. 4)to find the answer to sth g to work out a problem/puzzle/ couldn t work out where the music was coming from 5)to plan or think of sth .g. I' ve worked out a new way of doing it work into=work in to insert or introduce e.g. Can't you work a few more jokes into your speech? break up with sb.与.分手 neev.打喷嚏 Adam' s apple喉结 nuts ad crazy, Insane e.g. You made me nuts! I'm nuts about musicl mess with与鬼混 pissed adj. extremely irritated or angry piss off滚开; to make or become angry crap n worthless nonsense, rubbish crack up v.撞坏,健康崩溃,吹捧 teeny, tiny very very small amount of sth safety net n. a guarantee, as of professional, physical, or financial security TGIF(Thank God It's Friday) 15. sharp reprimand(para18) a strong and angry statement that what somebody has done is wrong 16. That's the whole trouble, our stupid small-town way of doing things, always under cover.(para21) Eve thought that it was childish on her mothers part to try to cover this up by send ing The lma away as if what she and Stephen wanted to do was some kind of scandal small-town way of doing things: People often think that people from small towns are ill-informed, narrow-minded and ridiculously conservative 17. Of course were putting you and Dad on your honor..(p araz on one's honor(old-fashioned) 1). used to promise very seriously that you will do sth or that sth is true e.g. I swear on my honor that I knew nothing about this 20. to be trusted to do sth.被信赖 e.g. You' re on your honor not to go into my room.我相信你不会进我的房间的 Of course we are counting on your promise not to do anything stupid (like trying to lock me in my room or call the police with honors以优异成绩 The young man will graduate soon from university with high honors do honor(to)给带来荣誉 His contributions do honor to his university in honor of为了(纪念或表敬意而举行活动) The city built up a monument in honor of him. (in his hond put sb. on one’ s honor靠-的自觉,相信一有自觉性
7 3) to understand sb e.g. I’ve never been able to work her out. 4) to find the answer to sth. e.g. to work out a problem/puzzle/code couldn’t work out where the music was coming from. 5) to plan or think of sth. e.g. I’ve worked out a new way of doing it. work into=work in: to insert or introduce e.g. Can’t you work a few more jokes into your speech? break up with sb. 与…分手 neeze v. 打喷嚏 Adam's apple 喉结 nuts adj. crazy; insane e.g. You made me nuts! I’m nuts about music! mess with 与…鬼混 pissed adj. extremely irritated or angry piss off 滚开; to make or become angry crap n. worthless nonsense; rubbish. crack up v. 撞坏, 健康崩溃, 吹捧 teeny, tiny very very small amount of sth. safety net n. a guarantee, as of professional, physical, or financial security TGIF (Thank God It’s Friday) 15. sharp reprimand (para18) a strong and angry statement that what somebody has done is wrong 16. That's the whole trouble, our stupid, small-town way of doing things, always under cover. (para21) Eve thought that it was childish on her mother's part to try to cover this up by sending Thelma away as if what she and Stephen wanted to do was some kind of scandal. small-town way of doing things: People often think that people from small towns are ill-informed, narrow-minded, and ridiculously conservative. 17. Of course we're putting you and Dad on your honor… (para23) on one’s honor (old-fashioned) 1). used to promise very seriously that you will do sth or that sth is true e.g. I swear on my honor that I knew nothing about this 20. to be trusted to do sth. 被信赖 e.g. You’re on your honor not to go into my room. 我相信你不会进我的房间的. Of course we are counting on your promise not to do anything stupid (like trying to lock me in my room or call the police). with honors 以优异成绩 The young man will graduate soon from university with high honors. do honor (to)给带来荣誉 His contributions do honor to his university. in honor of 为了（纪念或表敬意而举行活动） The city built up a monument in honor of him.(in his honor) put sb. on one’s honor 靠--- 的自觉，相信—有自觉性
The father put the boys on their honor not to smoke in the dorm 18. He probably wouldn't even care if you went off with another man. (para25 He probably wouldn't even mind if you ran away(eloped) with another man because he no longer loves you 19. But it can be, Mother-it will be (para29) But it can be our way of life too. It is possible. And it will be. It is sure to happen. we are going to make it happen 20. Stephen and I, we'll be pioneers in this great crusade toward anew and free civilization!(para29 crusade: originally it referred to one of a series of wars fought in the 1lth, 12th, and 13th centuries by Christian armies trying to take Palestine from the Muslims Here it is used in its ord inary sense: a determined attempt to change sth. because you think you are morally right(campaign) 21. But at what a cost, child-at what a cost!(para30) Mrs. Kent believed that Eve would have to pay heavily for her freedom". She was are that it would cause a big scandal and turn the young couple into some kind of social outcasts 22. I'll go and pack my bag now.(para31) pack: to put into a bag, etc e.g. I haven't packed yet 我还没收拾行李呢 Ive packed you some food fo ourney 我给你打点了些路上吃的食物 We all packed together into one car. here:fil我们大家挤进了一辆汽车 pack sb. off:(informal) to send sb. somewhere esp. because you do not want them with you My parents always packed me off to bed early 我父母总是早早就打发我上床 23(startled. )(para33) startle: vt to surprise sb suddenly in a way that slightly shocks or frightens them e.g. I didnt mean to startle you 我不是存心要吓唬你 I was startled by her question 她的问题让我大吃一惊 She jumped back like a startled rabbit 她像受惊的兔子似的跳了回去 24 . I have always hoped that you had in some measure found a new happiness (para38) in some measure: to some degree e. g think that the people on both sides have in some measure moved closer toward each other. We hope that the completion of this railway will in some measure help to narrow down the gap between the East and West of China
8 The father put the boys on their honor not to smoke in the dorm. 18. He probably wouldn't even care if you went off with another man. (para25) He probably wouldn't even mind if you ran away (eloped) with another man because he no longer loves you. 19. But it can be, Mother-it will be. (para29) But it can be our way of life too. It is possible. And it will be. It is sure to happen. We are going to make it happen. 20. Stephen and I, we’ll be pioneers in this great crusade toward anew and free civilization! (para29) crusade: originally it referred to one of a series of wars fought in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Christian armies trying to take Palestine from the Muslims. Here it is used in its ordinary sense: a determined attempt to change sth. because you think you are morally right (campaign). 21. But at what a cost, child-at what a cost! (para30) Mrs. Kent believed that Eve would have to pay heavily for her "freedom". She was sure that it would cause a big scandal and turn the young couple into some kind of social outcasts. 22. I’ll go and pack my bag now. (para31) pack: to put into a bag, etc. e.g. I haven't packed yet. 我还没收拾行李呢. I’ve packed you some food for the journey. 我给你打点了些路上吃的食物. We all packed together into one car. here: fill 我们大家挤进了一辆汽车. pack sb. off: (informal) to send sb. somewhere esp. because you do not want them with you My parents always packed me off to bed early. 我父母总是早早就打发我上床. 23. (startled.) (para33) startle: vt. to surprise sb. suddenly in a way that slightly shocks or frightens them e.g. I didn’t mean to startle you. 我不是存心要吓唬你. I was startled by her question. 她的问题让我大吃一惊. She jumped back like a startled rabbit. 她像受惊的兔子似的跳了回去 24. ...I have always hoped that you had in some measure found a new happiness. (para38) in some measure: to some degree e. g. I think that the people on both sides have in some measure moved closer toward each other. We hope that the completion of this railway will in some measure help to narrow down the gap between the East and West of China
in large/great measure Drunkenness and carelessness are in large measure responsible for automobile measure my coat against her and found it too long compare with拿--和-比较(长度) He was astonished bevond measure xtremely非常,极为 John had a new made-to-measure suit 定做的 He sold me the car at a cheap price and included the radio for good measure 外加额外地 25. Yes, I thought, I was happy . but, oh, Charles, it was a fool's paradise!(para39) fool's paradise: a state of happiness that is based on sth. that is false or cant last be in a fool s parad ise: to feel happy and satisfied, and believe there are no oblems. when in fact this is not tr 26. And she has opened my eyes to my own life, too.(para41) open my eyes toto make me realize sth. that I had not realized before, e. g This 3-week visit opened my eyes to the dramatic changes that have taken The purpose of education is to open the eyes of the young to the secrets of the world 27. We'll soon see if Tom would care whether you ran off with another man or not (para46)(Note5, p203) Whether.. or not "is used to express a choice or doubt between two possibilities He can't decide whether to accept the offer or not The couple didn,'t know whether or not they should buy the house It's unclear whether she was murdered or not 28. And the final uncertainty as to just where he was buried? (para46) as to: concerning, about, with regard to(Note 6 on P203) as to/ as for"is used to start talking about sth /sb. It can be followed by a noun phrase, a wh-clause, or an infinitive introduced by a wh-word. More examples And since there doesnt seem to be any question as to whether it's his money or his account, the bank's so-called policy is clearly ridiculous As for me, give me liberty or give me death. -Patrick Henry, 177 We are not sure as to how to pay for all the equipment 29. I was not killed in action in France, as was supposed, but, wounded and shell-shocked.(para50 in action: in war e.g. be wounded in action be reported missing in action Translate:事实胜于雄辩. Actions speak louder than words. Here, as is a relative pronoun; it is the subject of the subord inate clause. It stands for what is said in the main clause. (Note7, P203) As is known to all, China is a developing country As is reported in the paper, Mr. Li visited the fighting areas
9 in large/great measure Drunkenness and carelessness are in large measure responsible for automobile accidents. measure: n./ v. I measure my coat against her and found it too long. compare with 拿---和---比较（长度） He was astonished beyond measure extremely 非常,极为 John had a new made-to-measure suit. 定做的 He sold me the car at a cheap price and included the radio for good measure. 外加;额外地 25. Yes, I thought, I was happy... but, oh, Charles, it was a fool's paradise! (para39) fool’s paradise: a state of happiness that is based on sth. that is false or can’t last be in a fool s paradise: to feel happy and satisfied, and believe there are no problems, when in fact this is not true 26. And she has opened my eyes to my own life, too... (para41) open my eyes to: to make me realize sth. that I had not realized before, e. g. This 3-week visit opened my eyes to the dramatic changes that have taken place. The purpose of education is to open the eyes of the young to the secrets of the world. 27. We'll soon see if Tom would care whether you ran off with another man or not. (para46) (Note5,p203) "Whether... or not" is used to express a choice or doubt between two possibilities. He can't decide whether to accept the offer or not. The couple didn't know whether or not they should buy the house. It's unclear whether she was murdered or not. 28. And the final uncertainty as to just where he was buried? (para46) as to: concerning, about, with regard to (Note 6 on P203) “as to/ as for” is used to start talking about sth./ sb. It can be followed by a noun phrase, a wh-clause, or an infinitive introduced by a wh-word. More examples: And since there doesn’t seem to be any question as to whether it’s his money or his account, the bank’s so-called policy is clearly ridiculous. As for me, give me liberty or give me death. –Patrick Henry, 1775 We are not sure as to how to pay for all the equipment. 29. I was not killed in action in France，as was supposed，but, wounded and shell-shocked… (para50) in action: in war e.g. be wounded in action be reported missing in action Translate: 事实胜于雄辩. Actions speak louder than words. Here, as is a relative pronoun; it is the subject of the subordinate clause. It stands for what is said in the main clause. (Note7, P203) As is known to all, China is a developing country. As is reported in the paper, Mr. Li visited the fighting areas
30. Partially recovering, I wandered all over the world hunting some clue t identity-hoping to establish some connection with my past. (para50) partially: not completely; partly wander: to move about without a clear d irection or purpose clue: an object or a piece of information that helps someone solve a crime or mystery, have a clue; find a clue; search for clues; give sb. a clue; I' ve no clue When i got a little better, I began to go from one country to another, trying to get back my lost 31. Finally, one night, I had a shock, it all came back-my former life-and I am here to claim you, Bessie!(para50) claim: to state that you have the right to take away sth. because it belongs to you. e. g He claimed to be the owner of the land He claimed that he owned the land claim can also mean to assert, say sth is a fact宣称,声言 e.g. he claimed to be the best tennis player in the school n. e.g. Did anyone make a claim to this bike?有人认领这辆自行车吗? You' ve no claim on my sympathies.你无权要求我同情。 32. Why, for all you know, after tonight you may have me hanging around your neck for the rest of your life!(para51) for all you know: you do not know, although it doesn't really matter to you (iE 说不定)eg. She could be dead for all I know 她说不定已死了(强调我不知道,不确定) hang around your neck: to be your unpleasant responsibility or burden Bessie was teasing him, say ing that after tonight, he might really have to play the part of her former husband and take care of her for the rest of her life 33. I don't see how I can go through with this, .(para53) go through with to do what lete a course of one that is difficult or unpleasant, e.g Just before the curtain rose she got a stage fright(t4t). She felt she could not got through with it Since we have started, we must go through with it. There is no backing out 34..theres no use beating about the bush. (para55) beat about the bush to avoid or delay talking about sth embarrassing or unpleasant 转弯抹角 After study ing the text, we just pick out some idiomatic expressions from the text To fool around to behave oneself out with it for certain Stuff and nonsense to go separate ways all things considered to put one on one's honor to run of f with sb. to go off with another man in some measure to have control over sth. at a cost g etter than e soone to live in a fool,s a clue to sth for all one knows to beat about the bush
10 30. Partially recovering, I wandered all over the world, hunting some clue to my identity-hoping to establish some connection with my past. (para50) partially: not completely; partly wander: to move about without a clear direction or purpose hunt: here means to search for clue: an object or a piece of information that helps someone solve a crime or mystery, e.g. have a clue; find a clue; search for clues; give sb. a clue; I’ve no clue. When I got a little better, I began to go from one country to another, trying to get back my lost memory. 31. Finally, one night, I had a shock, it all came back-my former life-and I am here to claim you, Bessie! (para50) claim: to state that you have the right to take away sth. because it belongs to you. e.g. He claimed to be the owner of the land. He claimed that he owned the land. claim can also mean to assert, say sth. is a fact 宣称, 声言 e.g. he claimed to be the best tennis player in the school. n. e.g. Did anyone make a claim to this bike? 有人认领这辆自行车吗? You’ve no claim on my sympathies. 你无权要求我同情。 32. Why, for all you know, after tonight you may have me hanging around your neck for the rest of your life! (para51) for all you know: you do not know, although it doesn't really matter to you. (不知道; 说不定.) e.g. She could be dead for all I know. 她说不定已死了.(强调我不知道,不确定) hang around your neck: to be your unpleasant responsibility or burden Bessie was teasing him, saying that after tonight, he might really have to play the part of her former husband and take care of her for the rest of her life. 33. I don't see how I can go through with this, ... (para53) go through with: to do what is necessary to complete a course of action, esp. one that is difficult or unpleasant, e.g. Just before the curtain rose she got a stage fright (怯场). She felt she could not got through with it. Since we have started, we must go through with it. There is no backing out. 34. …there's no use beating about the bush. (para55) beat about the bush: to avoid or delay talking about sth. embarrassing or unpleasant 转弯抹角 After studying the text, we just pick out some idiomatic expressions from the text: To fool around to behave oneself out with it for certain Stuff and nonsense to go separate ways all things considered to put one on one’s honor to run of f with sb. to go off with another man in some measure to have control over sth. at a cost to like nothing better than the sooner the better to live in a fool’s paradise a clue to sth. for all one knows to beat about the bush to