Unit 3 Book 4 The Rain bow of Knowledge 1. Difficult Sentences 1)(LL.1-2) For more than 4 of my life- 39 of my 50 years- I've either studied or taught in a school or a college in New York What might people think of the author since he has spent more than /4 of his life either study ing or teaching? (People might th ink that the author would know more than the average person, and that he would feel confident in his knowledge and understanding of life Translate this sentence into chinese (=我这辈子四分之三以上的时间(50年中有39年)是在纽约的中小学或大学里 度过的,不是在上学,就是在教学。) 2)(LL. 3-6) You might think, then, that after all this time I'd have some grasp of the situation, that Id actually know things- that Id have some positive sense of assurance, of certainty, about knowledge and about life. Why does the author use the modal verb"might here? (The modal verb"might"here is used to show that it is possible that someone may think this way, but the author is not quite sure about it How do you understand the part Id have some positive sense of assurance, of certainty, about knowledge and about life"? Eld have full confidence in terms of understanding knowledge and life. 3) (LL.8-9) To say that the more I know, the more I know I don't know is of course, contradictory. What does the author think of the state ment "the more i know the more I know don't know? (He thinks it is a self-contradictory statement -a paradox Have you ever felt "the more I know, the more I know I don' t know"? Please cite your personal experiences to illustrate your point
1 Unit 3 Book 4 The Rainbow of Knowledge 1. Difficult Sentences 1) (LL. 1~2) For more than ¾ of my life — 39 of my 50 years — I’ve either studied or taught in a school or a college in New York. What might people think of the author since he has spent more than ¾ of his life either studying or teaching? (=People might think that the author would know more than the average person, and that he would feel confident in his knowledge and understanding of life.) Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=我这辈子四分之三以上的时间（50 年中有 39 年）是在纽约的中小学或大学里 度过的，不是在上学，就是在教学。) 2) (LL. 3~6) You might think, then, that after all this time I’d have some grasp of the situation, that I’d actually know things — that I’d have some positive sense of assurance, of certainty, about knowledge and about life. Why does the author use the modal verb “might” here? (=The modal verb “might” here is used to show that it is possible that someone may think this way, but the author is not quite sure about it.) How do you understand the part “I’d have some positive sense of assurance, of certainty, about knowledge and about life”? (=I’d have full confidence in terms of understanding knowledge and life.) 3) (LL. 8~9) To say that the more I know, the more I know I don’t know is, of course, contradictory. What does the author think of the statement “the more I know, the more I know I don’t know”? (=He thinks it is a self-contradictory statement — a paradox.) Have you ever felt “the more I know, the more I know I don’t know”? Please cite your personal experiences to illustrate your point
( Open-ended 4)( LL. 19-22)As it grows, so does its circumference And if that growing blackness represents knowledge, then as it grows, so does the awareness of what remains unknown As one's knowledge grows, what will happen to him according to the author? (According to the author, as one's knowledge grows, his awareness of what he still doesn t know increases too. In other words the more he knows, the more he knows he doesn't know Translate this part into Chinese. (=随着它的扩大,它的周缘也跟着扩大。如果那个正在增大的黑色部分代表你的 知识的话,在知识增长的同时,你会意识到自己有许多不知道的东西。) 5)(LL. 30-32)Likewise, when I lucked into an opportunity to teach film analysis, I found myself dazzled at the sheer number of books devoted to the subject How did the author feel at that time? (He felt surprised. Why did he have that feeling? (Because there were so many books published on the subject of film analysis 6)(LL. 36-37) But you quickly find that your reading, rather than answering questions, only creates more of them What does reading often lead to according to the author? (According to the author, reading often leads to more questions, rather than answers to the questions that one has come across. Do you believe that try ing to answer questions involves more read ing? Why? ( Open-ended 7)(LL. 52-53)For me, however, it's just the opposite. Writing doesn't close things off -it opens things up. How to explain the two expressions“ close∴.ofr"and“open∴.up”? (=“ Close∴.ofr” means to separate something or some place from the area around it so that people cannot go there or use it. Open..up
2 (=Open-ended.) 4) (LL. 19~22) As it grows, so does its circumference. And if that growing blackness represents knowledge, then as it grows, so does the awareness of what remains unknown. As one’s knowledge grows, what will happen to him according to the author? (=According to the author, as one’s knowledge grows, his awareness of what he still doesn’t know increases, too. In other words, the more he knows, the more he knows he doesn’t know.) Translate this part into Chinese. (=随着它的扩大，它的周缘也跟着扩大。如果那个正在增大的黑色部分代表你的 知识的话，在知识增长的同时，你会意识到自己有许多不知道的东西。) 5) (LL. 30~32) Likewise, when I lucked into an opportunity to teach film analysis, I found myself dazzled at the sheer number of books devoted to the subject. How did the author feel at that time? (=He felt surprised.) Why did he have that feeling? (=Because there were so many books published on the subject of film analysis.) 6) (LL. 36~37) But you quickly find that your reading, rather than answering questions, only creates more of them. What does reading often lead to according to the author? (=According to the author, reading often leads to more questions, rather than answers to the questions that one has come across.) Do you believe that trying to answer questions involves more reading? Why? (=Open-ended.) 7) (LL. 52~53) For me, however, it’s just the opposite. Writing doesn’t close things off — it opens things up. How to explain the two expressions “close … off” and “open … up”? (= “Close … off” means to separate something or some place from the area around it so that people cannot go there or use it. “Open … up
means to make possible the development of something. What is the significance of writing according to the author? (According to the author, writing leads him to a better grasp of what he reads. Writing is not the conclusion of what he knows, but a reflection of what he tries to understand, which may lead to more questions on the subject he writes about 8)LL 54-55) For a long time, I, as a writer, was paralyzed by this paradox- the more I know, the more I know I don't know Paraphrase the part叫,…, was paralyzed by the paradox….” .. the contradictory statement made me feel uncerta in and confused.) Why does the author say that for a long time he was"paralyzed"by the paradox: "the more I know, the more I know I don't know"? ( For a long time, the author felt confused with the self-contradictory statement "the more i know the more i know i don't know. He was not sure whether he should write or not and even if he did write he was uncertain whether he was qualified to do so. He always felt he had to know more first. 9)(LL. 62-64)I th ink of my work not as articles or as columns but as essays-a word from French, meaning"to t How is the word“ essay" diferent from“ article"or"“ column”? (The word"essay" comes from French, meaning"to try".) Why does the author regard the articles and columns he has produced as“ essays? (By calling his articles and columns"essays", the author emphasizes that, for him, the process of writing is merely a process of TRYING to know more or to acquire more knowledge. In other words, he writes in order to find out the truth about something rather than simply showing to the public what he already knows 10)(LL. 78-79)An infinite quest is not a hopeless one. What does the author imply by saying "An infin ite quest is not a hopeless one”? ( By saying so, the author imp lies that knowledge is infin ite and the pursuit of knowledge is an endless process of learning, but if we keep
3 means to make possible the development of something.) What is the significance of writing according to the author? (=According to the author, writing leads him to a better grasp of what he reads. Writing is not the conclusion of what he knows, but a reflection of what he tries to understand, which may lead to more questions on the subject he writes about.) 8) (LL. 54~55) For a long time, I, as a writer, was paralyzed by this paradox — the more I know, the more I know I don’t know. Paraphrase the part “I, …, was paralyzed by the paradox …”. (=… the contradictory statement made me feel uncertain and confused …) Why does the author say that for a long time he was “paralyzed” by the paradox: “ the more I know, the more I know I don’t know”? (=For a long time, the author felt confused with the self-contradictory statement “the more I know, the more I know I don’t know.” He was not sure whether he should write or not. And even if he did write, he was uncertain whether he was qualified to do so. He always felt he had to know more first.) 9) (LL. 62~64) I think of my work not as articles or as columns but as essays — a word from French, meaning “to try”. How is the word “essay” different from “article” or “column”? (=The word “essay” comes from French, meaning “to try”.) Why does the author regard the articles and columns he has produced as “essays”? (=By calling his articles and columns “essays”, the author emphasizes that, for him, the process of writing is merely a process of TRYING to know more or to acquire more knowledge. In other words, he writes in order to find out the truth about something rather than simply showing to the public what he already knows.) 10) (LL. 78~79) An infinite quest is not a hopeless one. What does the author imply by saying “An infinite quest is not a hopeless one”? (=By saying so, the author implies that knowledge is infinite and the pursuit of knowledge is an endless process of learning, but if we keep
trying, we will surely acquire more knowledge and gain more wisdom even though we may feel all the time that our knowledge is always limited Translate this sentence into chinese (=永无止境的探索并非毫无希望 2. Words and Expressions 1)(L. 11)look into: examine the meaning or causes of; investigate 委员会收到了投诉,正在调查 (The committee have received the complaint, and they 're looking into it. The police looked into his business dealings and found something suspIcious 2)(LL. 11-12) in a way: to some extent I like the new styles, in a way In a way we all tend to remember the good times and forget the bad Directions: ) Match the English expression with its corresponding Chinese translation by way of 挡道地 on ones way 不怕麻烦地 go out of the way 通过,经由 in the way 在来、去或旅行的过程中 out of the way 不挡道 by way of 挡道地 on ones way 不怕麻烦地 go out of the wa 通过,经由 in the way 在来、去或旅行的过程中 out of the way 不挡道 3)(L.16)interface: n 1. a surface forming a common boundary between adjacent regions
4 trying, we will surely acquire more knowledge and gain more wisdom even though we may feel all the time that our knowledge is always limited.) Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=永无止境的探索并非毫无希望。) 2. Words and Expressions 1) (L. 11) look into: examine the meaning or causes of; investigate 委员会收到了投诉，正在调查。 (=The committee have received the complaint, and they’re looking into it.) *The police looked into his business dealings and found something suspicious. 2) (LL. 11~12) in a way: to some extent *I like the new styles, in a way. *In a way we all tend to remember the good times and forget the bad. (Directions:) Match the English expression with its corresponding Chinese translation. by way of 挡道地 on one’s way 不怕麻烦地 go out of the way 通过，经由 in the way 在来、去或旅行的过程中 out of the way 不挡道 Key: by way of 挡道地 on one’s way 不怕麻烦地 go out of the way 通过，经由 in the way 在来、去或旅行的过程中 out of the way 不挡道 3) (L. 16) interface: n. 1. a surface forming a common boundary between adjacent regions
bodies, substances, or phases 人机界面 (the man-machine interface 2. a point at which independent systems or diverse groups interact Jack Kroll said: " Much of the reality is to be found in the interface between crime and politics. *the interface between technology and design nB interface常与 between连用。 4) L.19)consume: vt. 1. use up(time, money, goods, etc. *Arguing about details consumed many hours of the committee's valuable time *the car consumes a lot of fuel 2. destroy *the fire quickly consumed the wooden hut. =火焰很快吞噬了那所小木屋。) a body consumed by cancer 3. often pass. absorb, engross "She was consumed with guilt. 妒忌得不得了 (consumed with jealousy) NI 该词的名词形式为 consumption。 5)(L. 22)remain: V 1. continue to be(in a unchanged state)
5 bodies, substances, or phases 人机界面 (=the man-machine interface) 2. a point at which independent systems or diverse groups interact *Jack Kroll said: “Much of the reality is to be found in the interface between crime and politics.” *the interface between technology and design NB: interface 常与 between 连用。 4) (L. 19) consume: vt. 1. use up (time, money, goods, etc.) *Arguing about details consumed many hours of the committee’s valuable time. *The car consumes a lot of fuel. 2. destroy *The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut. （＝火焰很快吞噬了那所小木屋。） *a body consumed by cancer 3. [often pass. ] absorb, engross *She was consumed with guilt. 妒忌得不得了 (=consumed with jealousy) NB: 该词的名词形式为 consumption。 5) (L. 22) remain: v. 1. continue to be (in a unchanged state)
He remained a prisoner for the rest of his life The situation remains unchanged 2. stay or be left behind after others have gone, been lost, etc. Little of the original architecture remains The only remaining question is whether or not we can raise the money. cf. continue. last remain 这三个词都是动词,都有“继续存在、经受住”之意。 continue为中性词,且不带任何感情色彩,指从开始到结束之间的任何延伸过 程。例如: Shall I continue or stop here?我是继续(讲)下去,还是就此打 住? last 即“持续、经受住”之意,特指某事物继续存在或者最为普遍意义上 的时间持续。例如 She is fond of perfume with the scent that lasts a long time 她喜欢芳香味长留不散的香水 remain指人或物移去、分离或毁坏后仍留在原地。例如: * Little of the build ing remained after the explosion.爆炸后,该建 筑物所剩无几 6)(L. 25 quest: n 1.a lont search the quest for knowledge (=寻求知识) the continuing quest for a cure for the disease 2.an attempt to find something They traveled in quest of gold She had come in quest of advice. 7)(L.30)likewise: ad 1. in the same way, similarly The stockbroker bought shares in the company and advised his 6
6 *He remained a prisoner for the rest of his life. *The situation remains unchanged. 2.stay or be left behind after others have gone, been lost, etc. *Little of the original architecture remains. *The only remaining question is whether or not we can raise the money. cf. continue, last & remain 这三个词都是动词，都有“继续存在、经受住”之意。 continue 为中性词，且不带任何感情色彩，指从开始到结束之间的任何延伸过 程。例如： *Shall I continue or stop here? 我是继续（讲）下去，还是就此打 住？ last 即“持续、经受住”之意，特指某事物继续存在或者最为普遍意义上 的时间持续。例如： *She is fond of perfume with the scent that lasts a long time. 她喜欢芳香味长留不散的香水。 remain 指人或物移去、分离或毁坏后仍留在原地。例如： * Little of the building remained after the explosion. 爆炸后，该建 筑物所剩无几。 6) (L. 25) quest: n. 1.a lont search *the quest for knowledge （＝寻求知识） *the continuing quest for a cure for the disease 2.an attempt to find something *They traveled in quest of gold. *She had come in quest of advice. 7) (L. 30) likewise: ad. 1. in the same way, similarly *The stockbroker bought shares in the company and advised his
clients to do likewise 很高兴认识你。”一“我也是。” (=“ m very pleased to meet you.”-“ Likewise.") 2. also The food was excellent, likewise the wine. You must pack plenty of food. Likewise, you' ll need warm clothes, so pack them too cf. likewise, besides furthermore 这三个词都是副词,都有“也、而且”之意。 Likewise较正式,它所表示的“也”具有比较明确的含义。 Besides所指的“而且”起到加强前述内容的作用。 furthermore最正式,多用于在一系列的同等成分的句子中,而且前面可以用 besides。 (Directions: ) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. The house is too small and it's too far from the city (furthermore) 2. Watch him and do (likewise) 3. For this job you need a lot of patience you need a sense of humor.likewise) 4.I don't like those shoes it is beginning to rain.besides 5. They cannot do it, and no one else appears to want to do it ther.furthermore) 6. It's too late to go for a walk now;, it is beginning to rain (besides 8)(L.30)luck: 1. vi gain success or something desirable by chance luck into a good apartment luck out in finding that rare book (=凭运气发现那本珍贵的书) 1) the chance happening of fortunate or adverse events; fortune 碰巧
7 clients to do likewise. —“很高兴认识你。” —“我也是。” (=– “I’m very pleased to meet you.” –“Likewise.”) 2. also *The food was excellent, likewise the wine. *You must pack plenty of food. Likewise, you’ll need warm clothes, so pack them too. cf. likewise, besides & furthermore 这三个词都是副词，都有“也、而且”之意。 Likewise 较正式，它所表示的“也”具有比较明确的含义。 Besides 所指的“而且”起到加强前述内容的作用。 furthermore 最正式，多用于在一系列的同等成分的句子中，而且前面可以用 besides。 (Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. The house is too small, and _______, it’s too far from the city. (=furthermore) 2. Watch him and do ______. (=likewise) 3. For this job you need a lot of patience; ______ you need a sense of humor. (=likewise) 4. I don’t like those shoes; ______, it is beginning to rain. (=besides) 5. They cannot do it, and ______, no one else appears to want to do it either. (=furthermore) 6. It’s too late to go for a walk now; ______, it is beginning to rain. (=besides) 8) (L. 30) luck: 1. vi. gain success or something desirable by chance *luck into a good apartment *luck out in finding that rare book （＝凭运气发现那本珍贵的书） 2. n. 1) the chance happening of fortunate or adverse events; fortune 碰巧
(as luck would have it) *He reached the food before i did worse luck! 2 success or something good that happens as a result of chance, good fortune "She won $500 in the lottery some people have all the luck P'm sorry you didn't pass your driving test -- better luck next time! Collocations try one's luck 碰碰运气 a bit of luck 走运 in luck 运气好 out of luck 运气不好 9)(L.31)sheer: a 1. pure; unmixed with any thing else; nothing but *He won by sheer luck The sheer size of the country causes tremendous communications problems 2. very steep; straight up and down a sheer cliff 10)(L 53)close off: separate(something or some people)from the area around it so that people cannot go there or use it Why was the area closed off to all traffic? 《封锁我一生》 (Close off My Life) 11)(L 53 open up: make possible the development of *Close examination revealed a crack in the vase They have already made plans to open up the mine The October Revolution opened up a new epoch in world history. 12)(L. 54)paralyze: vt. 1. affect with paralysis; cause to be paralytic
8 (=as luck would have it) *He reached the food before I did, worse luck! 2) success or something good that happens as a result of chance, good fortune *She won $500 in the lottery; some people have all the luck. *I’m sorry you didn’t pass your driving test — better luck next time! Collocations: try one’s luck 碰碰运气 a bit of luck 走运 in luck 运气好 out of luck 运气不好 9) (L. 31) sheer: a. 1. pure; unmixed with anything else; nothing but *He won by sheer luck. *The sheer size of the country causes tremendous communications problems. 2. very steep; straight up and down *a sheer cliff 10) (L. 53) close off: separate (something or some people) from the area around it so that people cannot go there or use it Why was the area closed off to all traffic? 《封锁我一生》 (=Close off My Life) 11) (L. 53) open up: make possible the development of *Close examination revealed a crack in the vase. *They have already made plans to open up the mine. *The October Revolution opened up a new epoch in world history. 12) (L. 54) paralyze: vt. 1. affect with paralysis; cause to be paralytic
'After the accident she was paralyzed from the waist down. 2. make unable to move or act He stood paralyzed by fear. 3. make ineffective; cause to stop working 阻碍经济活动的严格的规章制度 ( strict regulations that paralyze economic activity) The electricity failure paralyzed the train service 13(L 61)qualify: V 1.reach a necessary standard, e.g. of knowledge, ability, or performance, or get a qualification *She qualified as a doctor this year Her teaching experience qualifies her admirably for the job 资格赛 (a qualifying match) 2. limit the force or meaning of (something stated); modify Id like to qualify my last statement - it was too strong ln“ the open door,"“open" is an adjective qualifying“door” cf. enable, authorize& qualify 这三个词都是动词,都有“使某人能够做某事”之意 enable表示提供手段、机会使某人能够做某事,或准许、授权某人做某事 authorize表示得到官方许可、批准。 quay表示使某人具有某种资格,或使合格 (Directions: ) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. The government the publication of this book.authorized) myself for the post. qualify) 3. An eagle's large wings it to fly very fast. enable) 4. the fall in the value of currency will us to export more goods ( enable) 5. A walk along the side of the lake for a while hardly as exercise
9 *After the accident she was paralyzed from the waist down. 2. make unable to move or act *He stood paralyzed by fear. 3. make ineffective; cause to stop working 阻碍经济活动的严格的规章制度 (=strict regulations that paralyze economic activity) *The electricity failure paralyzed the train service. 13) (L. 61) qualify: v. 1.reach a necessary standard, e.g. of knowledge, ability, or performance, or get a qualification *She qualified as a doctor this year. *Her teaching experience qualifies her admirably for the job. 资格赛 (=a qualifying match) 2. limit the force or meaning of (something stated); modify *I’d like to qualify my last statement — it was too strong. *In “the open door”, “open” is an adjective qualifying “door”. cf. enable, authorize & qualify 这三个词都是动词，都有“使某人能够做某事”之意。 enable 表示提供手段、机会使某人能够做某事，或准许、授权某人做某事。 authorize 表示得到官方许可、批准。 qualify 表示使某人具有某种资格，或使合格。 (Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. The government _______ the publication of this book. (=authorized) 2. I must ______ myself for the post. (=qualify) 3. An eagle’s large wings ______ it to fly very fast. (=enable) 4. The fall in the value of currency will ______ us to export more goods. (=enable) 5. A walk along the side of the lake for a while hardly ______ as exercise
(qualifies) 6. Ive been by the court to repossess this property. authorized 14)(L63)column: n. 1. tall pillar, usu. round and made of stone, either supporting part of the roof of a building or standing alone as a monument The temple is supported by massive columns. =此庙由粗大的柱子支撑。 a graceful lonic column 2. something resembling an architectural pillar in form or function a column of mercury in a thermometer a column of smoke 3. one of two or more vertical sections of printed material on a page Each page of this dictionary has two columns of text 4. part of a newspaper regularly dealing with a particular subject or written by the same journalist the correspondence columns of"The Times *I always read her column in the local paper. Collocations write a column 撰写专栏 advertising columns 广告栏 correspondence columns 读者信息栏 a sports column 体育栏 a personal column 个人广告栏 15)(L. 69)hopeless: a giving no cause for hope It's hopeless trying to convince her Most of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a hopeless case. 16)(L 70)inevitably: ad in a way that cannot be avoided or prevented
10 (=qualifies) 6. I’ve been ______ by the court to repossess this property. (=authorized) 14) (L. 63) column: n. 1. tall pillar, usu. round and made of stone, either supporting part of the roof of a building or standing alone as a monument *The temple is supported by massive columns. （＝此庙由粗大的柱子支撑。） *a graceful Ionic column 2. something resembling an architectural pillar in form or function *a column of mercury in a thermometer *a column of smoke 3. one of two or more vertical sections of printed material on a page *Each page of this dictionary has two columns of text. 4. part of a newspaper regularly dealing with a particular subject or written by the same journalist *the correspondence columns of “The Times” *I always read her column in the local paper. Collocations: write a column 撰写专栏 advertising columns 广告栏 correspondence columns 读者信息栏 a sports column 体育栏 a personal column 个人广告栏 15) (L. 69) hopeless: a. giving no cause for hope *It's hopeless trying to convince her. *Most of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a hopeless case. 16) (L. 70) inevitably: ad. in a way that cannot be avoided or prevented