Unit 7 Book 1 Relationships and communication Difficult sentences 1. Though there might be room for hesitation in the adoption of it when generation"is taken into account, it is far from wrong to borrow the rest in making an analysis. The pronoun "it appears twice in the sentence. Do they refer to the same thing? (No. The first"it"refers to the term"generation gap", while the second “it"” refers to“ to borrow the rest in making an analysis") What does“ room for hesitation”mean? Uncertainty What does‘ far from wrong”mean? Not wrong at all) Paraphrase the sentence (e When we use the term "generation gap"to explain communication problems mentioned above, the word"generation"may not be readily applicable as there may not be a generation gap between the people involved. But we can still analyze such problems from this perspective. Translate the sentence into chinese (=当然,如果细究“代”的本义,那么这算不上特别贴切,但是大可借用该术 语的其他涵义来分析问题。) 2. Curiously enough, in a modern society where not a few advanced technological means of communication such as the mobile phone and pager have been developed, people are still confronted with this problem What does"this problem"refer to? Lack of communication. What does this sentence imply? This sentence implies that advanced technological means of communication are not an adequate solution to the problem of lack of communication among people. It seems that the technologies invented to facilitate communication do not work and the problem is still there 3. People may wonder why their listening ability is undesirable when their hearing ability is physically sound What does this sentence imply? This sentence implies that listening ability is quite different from hearing ability. Therefore, the fact that there is no problem with one's ears does not mean one is good at listening Translate the sentence into chinese
1 Unit 7 Book 1 Relationships and Communication Difficult sentences 1. Though there might be room for hesitation in the adoption of it when “generation” is taken into account, it is far from wrong to borrow the rest in making an analysis. The pronoun “it” appears twice in the sentence. Do they refer to the same thing? (= No. The first “it” refers to the term “generation gap”, while the second “it” refers to “to borrow the rest in making an analysis”.) What does “room for hesitation” mean? (= Uncertainty.) What does “far from wrong” mean? (= Not wrong at all.) Paraphrase the sentence. (= When we use the term “generation gap” to explain communication problems mentioned above, the word “generation” may not be readily applicable as there may not be a generation gap between the people involved. But we can still analyze such problems from this perspective.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 当然，如果细究“代”的本义，那么这算不上特别贴切，但是大可借用该术 语的其他涵义来分析问题。) 2. Curiously enough, in a modern society where not a few advanced technological means of communication such as the mobile phone and pager have been developed, people are still confronted with this problem. What does “this problem” refer to? (= Lack of communication.) What does this sentence imply? (= This sentence implies that advanced technological means of communication are not an adequate solution to the problem of lack of communication among people. It seems that the technologies invented to facilitate communication do not work and the problem is still there.) 3. People may wonder why their listening ability is undesirable when their hearing ability is physically sound. What does this sentence imply? (= This sentence implies that listening ability is quite different from hearing ability. Therefore, the fact that there is no problem with one’s ears does not mean one is good at listening.) Translate the sentence into Chinese
(=人们也许会问,为什么听觉没有问题而他们的聆听能力却不如人意呢?) 4. Believing that hearing is a physiological function, which comes to us naturally, we take it for granted that listening does not require much effort What does this sentence imply? Hearing is quite different from listening. Contrary to the common belief, listening does require some effort Translate the sentence into chinese (=我们会认为听觉能力是一种生理功能,是与生俱来的,所以我们想当然地以 为聆听不需要付出特别的努力。) 5. A speaker may not be able to keep pace with the working of the listener 's mind What does"the working of the listener's mind"mean? (The listener,'s thinking. What does this sentence imply? This sentence implies that the listener may need to be more patient and attentive in order to accomplish successful communication, because one' s speed of thinking is faster than that of speaking 6. With much free time left at their disposal, the listeners are likely to be carried away by their own thoughts and they soon lose their way What does"be carried away" mean? Be so excited, interested, or absorbed that you are no longer really in control of what you do, or you forget everything else Translate the sentence into chinese (=当听话人有很多自由时间支配的时候,他们就可能会太专注于自己的思绪而 很快就不知道说话人说到什么地方了。 7. Since each person has his own range of interests, when the speake alks about something that is of no personal interest or concern to him he would“ switch off the talking” What does" switch off the talking mean? No longer listen to what is being said to him, as if he had turned it off 8. This automatic control exercises its influence especially when the topic is too boring What does"this automatic control refer to? E Switching off the talking. What does“ exercise” mean in this sentence? Bring to bear; exert Translate the sentence into chinese (=这种自动控制系统的作用在谈话内容太枯燥的时候尤其明显
2 (= 人们也许会问，为什么听觉没有问题而他们的聆听能力却不如人意呢？) 4. Believing that hearing is a physiological function, which comes to us naturally, we take it for granted that listening does not require much effort. What does this sentence imply? (= Hearing is quite different from listening. Contrary to the common belief, listening does require some effort.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 我们会认为听觉能力是一种生理功能，是与生俱来的，所以我们想当然地以 为聆听不需要付出特别的努力。) 5. A speaker may not be able to keep pace with the working of the listener’s mind. What does “the working of the listener’s mind” mean? (= The listener’s thinking.) What does this sentence imply? (= This sentence implies that the listener may need to be more patient and attentive in order to accomplish successful communication, because one’s speed of thinking is faster than that of speaking.) 6. With much free time left at their disposal, the listeners are likely to be carried away by their own thoughts and they soon lose their way. What does “be carried away” mean? (= Be so excited, interested, or absorbed that you are no longer really in control of what you do, or you forget everything else.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 当听话人有很多自由时间支配的时候，他们就可能会太专注于自己的思绪而 很快就不知道说话人说到什么地方了。) 7. Since each person has his own range of interests, when the speaker talks about something that is of no personal interest or concern to him, he would “switch off the talking.” What does “switch off the talking” mean? (= No longer listen to what is being said to him, as if he had turned it off.) 8. This automatic control exercises its influence especially when the topic is too boring. What does “this automatic control” refer to? (= Switching off the talking.) What does “exercise” mean in this sentence? (= Bring to bear; exert.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 这种自动控制系统的作用在谈话内容太枯燥的时候尤其明显。)
9. Other psychological factors also come into play What does"come into play"mean? Begin to operate or be active 10.... it is quite natural that he would not tune in to the words of the speaker What does“ tune in to”mean? Listen carefully and be aware of. Translate the sentence into chinese (=那他自然就不会去认真聆听说话人说的内容。) 11. What has to be borne in mind is that, to ensure that good communication takes place, talking and hearing are just not enough What does "be borne in mind mean? Be kept in mind; be remembered Paraphrase the sentence We should remember clearly that to accomplish successful communication, just talking and hearing are inadequate; more is needed Words and Expressions 1. complain 1)vi express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment Workers who had lost their jobs complained bitterly about the way they had been treated Many patients complain of headaches and difficulty in sleeping when they take this drug 2)vt express dissatisfaction or resentment They complained that the price of books had increased 员工们抱怨工资过低而且福利差。 The employees complained that the wages were too low and the benefits were inadequate NB: complain complaint n 2. vital: adj. extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or exist Regular exercise is vital for your health The samples could give scientists v ital information about long-term changes in the earth's atmosphere 旅游业对于国民经济来说是至关重要的
3 9. Other psychological factors also come into play. What does “come into play” mean? (= Begin to operate or be active.) 10. … it is quite natural that he would not tune in to the words of the speaker. What does “tune in to” mean? (= Listen carefully and be aware of.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 那他自然就不会去认真聆听说话人说的内容。) 11. What has to be borne in mind is that, to ensure that good communication takes place, talking and hearing are just not enough. What does “be borne in mind” mean? (= Be kept in mind; be remembered.) Paraphrase the sentence. (= We should remember clearly that to accomplish successful communication, just talking and hearing are inadequate; more is needed.) Words and Expressions 1. complain 1) vi. express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment * Workers who had lost their jobs complained bitterly about the way they had been treated. * Many patients complain of headaches and difficulty in sleeping when they take this drug. 2) vt. express dissatisfaction or resentment * They complained that the price of books had increased. 员工们抱怨工资过低而且福利差。 (= The employees complained that the wages were too low and the benefits were inadequate.) NB: complain → complaint n. 2. vital: adj. extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or exist (= Regular exercise is vital for your health.) * The samples could give scientists vital information about long-term changes in the earth’s atmosphere. 旅游业对于国民经济来说是至关重要的
(The tourist industry is of vital importance to the national economy. NB: vitality n.生命力,活力 CF: vital essential 这两个形容词均有“重要的,必需的”之意。 vial强调指维持生命、活力必不可少的,或生死攸关的。例如: Irrigation was vital to early civilization It is vital that leaking gas pipes are fixed immediately. essential强调必不可少,暗含某物如缺少某部分则失去本质特征的意味。例如 Impartiality is essential to a judge It is essential to read any document carefully before you sign it. 3. contribute 1)vi. usually followed by to )help in causing a situation, event, or condition An increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care 锻炼能促进健康。 Exercise contributes to better health 2)vt give money, help, ideas, etc to something The volunteers contribute their own time to the project. Readers are inv ited to contribute their opinions on any of the issues discussed here 4. desert: vt. leave at a difficult time or in a cruel way, esp with the intention of not returning ( The price rise caused many readers to desert the magazine Mrs. Smith was deserted by her husband and had to support four children on her own 许多人在饥荒中逃往他乡 Many people deserted their homes during the food shortage 5. resort 1)vi. usually followed by to) make use of; turn to(often some thing bad) for help Many homeless teenagers resort to stealing when their money runs out 候选人们为了吸引注意用上了人身攻击的手段。 The candidates are resorting to personal attacks to get attention 2)n a place frequented by people for relaxation or recreation We were joined there by George and Mary and we all went off to the skiing resort. 到休养圣地去疗养一个月肯定会使你恢复健康。 (A month of rest in the health resort will certainly bring you around. Collocation:
4 (= The tourist industry is of vital importance to the national economy.) NB: vitality n. 生命力，活力 CF: vital & essential 这两个形容词均有“重要的，必需的”之意。 vital 强调指维持生命、活力必不可少的，或生死攸关的。例如： Irrigation was vital to early civilization. It is vital that leaking gas pipes are fixed immediately. essential 强调必不可少，暗含某物如缺少某部分则失去本质特征的意味。例如： Impartiality is essential to a judge. It is essential to read any document carefully before you sign it. 3. contribute: 1) vi. (usually followed by to) help in causing a situation, event, or condition * An increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care. 锻炼能促进健康。 (= Exercise contributes to better health.) 2) vt. give money, help, ideas, etc. to something * The volunteers contribute their own time to the project. * Readers are invited to contribute their opinions on any of the issues discussed here. 4. desert: vt. leave at a difficult time or in a cruel way, esp. with the intention of not returning (= The price rise caused many readers to desert the magazine.) * Mrs. Smith was deserted by her husband and had to support four children on her own. 许多人在饥荒中逃往他乡。 (= Many people deserted their homes during the food shortage.) 5. resort: 1) vi. (usually followed by to) make use of; turn to (often something bad) for help * Many homeless teenagers resort to stealing when their money runs out. 候选人们为了吸引注意用上了人身攻击的手段。 (= The candidates are resorting to personal attacks to get attention.) 2) n. a place frequented by people for relaxation or recreation * We were joined there by George and Mary and we all went off to the skiing resort. 到休养圣地去疗养一个月肯定会使你恢复健康。 (= A month of rest in the health resort will certainly bring you around.) Collocation:
a place of great resort人们常去的热闹地方 a health resort疗养地 a pleasure resort游乐胜地 a summer resort避暑地 a tourist resort旅游胜地 3)n. the act of turning to something for aid or relief; recourse He described the situation as not critical and said military force would be used only as a last resort. 反复实践是取得真知的方法。 Repeated practice is the resort of gaining genuine knowledge. 6. apply: 1)vt. usually followed by for request or seek assistance, employment, or admission We need to apply for planning permission to build a garage. She applied for a job with the local newspaper 我向美国四所大学申请攻读硕士学位,都被同意录取。 (E I applied to four American univers ities for postgraduate study as a Master candidate, and was accepted by all of them 2) vi.usually followed by to be pertinent or relevant The 20% discount only applies to club members 勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。 ( The principle of diligence and thrift applies to all undertakings. 3)vt put to or adapt for a special use New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process We should learn to apply book knowledge to social practice. NB: apply v.申请;应用→ application n.申请;应用→ applicable adj 适用的;可申请的→ applied adi.应用的 7. adoption: n adopt vt 1)take and use as one's own; begin to havea quality or appearance) Their purpose is to in fluence government to adopt policies favorable to them 这位历史老师决定采用讲故事的方法教学。 The history teacher decided to adopt the approach of story-telling in his teaching 2 take into one's family through legal means and raise as ones own child Teenagers who discover they were adopted often search for their biological parents when they are old enough NB:adop, adapt和 adept这三个词形似,易混淆 adopt为动词,意为“采用、采纳、领养”; adapt为动词,意为“调节、使适应”,常用于词组 adapt…to
5 a place of great resort 人们常去的热闹地方 a health resort 疗养地 a pleasure resort 游乐胜地 a summer resort 避暑地 a tourist resort 旅游胜地 3) n. the act of turning to something for aid or relief; recourse * He described the situation as not critical and said military force would be used only as a last resort. 反复实践是取得真知的方法。 (= Repeated practice is the resort of gaining genuine knowledge.) 6. apply: 1) vt. (usually followed by for) request or seek assistance, employment, or admission * We need to apply for planning permission to build a garage. * She applied for a job with the local newspaper. 我向美国四所大学申请攻读硕士学位，都被同意录取。 (= I applied to four American universities for postgraduate study as a Master candidate, and was accepted by all of them.) 2) vi. (usually followed by to) be pertinent or relevant * The 20% discount only applies to club members. 勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。 (= The principle of diligence and thrift applies to all undertakings.) 3) vt. put to or adapt for a special use * New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process. * We should learn to apply book knowledge to social practice. NB: apply v. 申请；应用 → application n. 申请；应用 → applicable adj. 适用的；可申请的 → applied adj. 应用的 7. adoption: n. adopt: vt. 1) take and use as one’s own; begin to have (a quality or appearance) * Their purpose is to influence government to adopt policies favorable to them. 这位历史老师决定采用讲故事的方法教学。 (= The history teacher decided to adopt the approach of story-telling in his teaching.) 2) take into one’s family through legal means and raise as one’s own child * Teenagers who discover they were adopted often search for their biological parents when they are old enough. NB: adopt, adapt 和 adept 这三个词形似，易混淆。 adopt 为动词，意为“采用、采纳、领养”； adapt 为动词，意为“调节、使适应”，常用于词组 adapt … to；
adept为形容词,意思是“熟练的,灵巧的”。常用于词组 be adept at/in 8. take into account: also take account offtake into consideration consider or include particu lar facts or details when making a decis ion or judgment about something These figures do not take into account the changes in the rate o inflation I trust that he will take account of the road safety problems that are inherent in his policy. 9. analysis: n. (pl. analyses) examination of something together with thoughts and judgments about it The article provides a detailed analysis of various research designs You'll get the results when the analysis is complete 对谋杀现场标本的分析为警察提供了一些有价值的线索。 The analysis of the samples on the murder spot showed some valuable clues to the police NB: analyze vt分析→ analysis n.分析→ analytic ad∫.分析的→ analyst n.分析家 10. bound 1)adj. very likely; certain When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes are bound to lappen Don't lie to her. she's bound to find out about it 这项新发现对于人类必定大有用处 (The new discovery is bound to be of great service to mankind. 建立在金钱基础上的婚姻背定要破裂的。 The marriage on the basis of money is bound to break up 2)adj. travelling towards a particular place or in a particular direction After his breakfast Mr Smith boarded the coach which was bound for London 这列火车是开往上海的 This train is bound for Shang haL. 3)v. run with a lot of energy, because of happiness, excitement, or fright I was strolling along the street, when suddenly a huge dog came bounding towards me 听到这个消息,他激动得心头砰砰直跳。 His heart bounded with excitement when he heard the news) Collocation be bound for( a place)前往某地 be bound to do sth.必定,一定 bound volumes装帧好的书卷 6
6 adept 为形容词，意思是“熟练的，灵巧的”。常用于词组 be adept at/in。 8. take into account: (also take account of/take into consideration) consider or include particular facts or details when making a decision or judgment about something * These figures do not take into account the changes in the rate of inflation. * I trust that he will take account of the road safety problems that are inherent in his policy. 9. analysis: n. (pl. analyses) examination of something together with thoughts and judgments about it * The article provides a detailed analysis of various research designs. * You’ll get the results when the analysis is complete. 对谋杀现场标本的分析为警察提供了一些有价值的线索。 (= The analysis of the samples on the murder spot showed some valuable clues to the police.) NB: analyze vt. 分析→ analysis n. 分析→ analytic adj. 分析的 → analyst n. 分析家 10. bound: 1) adj. very likely; certain * When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes are bound to happen. * Don’t lie to her. She’s bound to find out about it. 这项新发现对于人类必定大有用处。 (= The new discovery is bound to be of great service to mankind.) 建立在金钱基础上的婚姻肯定要破裂的。 (= The marriage on the basis of money is bound to break up.) 2) adj. travelling towards a particular place or in a particular direction * After his breakfast, Mr. Smith boarded the coach which was bound for London. 这列火车是开往上海的。 (= This train is bound for Shanghai.) 3) vi. run with a lot of energy, because of happiness, excitement, or fright * I was strolling along the street, when suddenly a huge dog came bounding towards me. 听到这个消息，他激动得心头砰砰直跳。 (= His heart bounded with excitement when he heard the news.) Collocation: be bound for (a place) 前往某地 be bound to do sth. 必定, 一定 bound volumes 装帧好的书卷
11. arise: vi. (arose, arisen) [usually followed by from, out of] come into being or begin to be noticed; happen; appear t would be best to deal with these issues at once before a crisis arises. When a conflict arises in the workplace, you should aim to repair the relationship as quickly as possible 疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。 Accidents often arise from carelessness.) 这场争吵是怎么引起的? How did this quarrel arise?) CF: arise arouse 这两个动词均含“引起”之意。 arise是不及物动词,意思主要指“出现,发生”(后接from形成词组,意为“起 因于”)。例如: a new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。 arouse是及物动词,意思主要指“唤醒,唤起,引起”。例如: We aroused him from his deep sleep.我们把他从沉睡中唤醒。 The odd sight aroused our curiosity.奇怪的景象激起我们的好奇。 12. confront: vt. come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility Only when the police confronted her with evidence did she admit that she had stolen the money. Overall, there are several major issues confronting us on the media front right now. CF: confront face 这两个动词均含“面对”之意 confront多用于书面语,多指勇敢、冷静地面临某种问题、困难或任务等。例 如 She confronted the vital question of being bankrupt. 她面临要破产的重大问题。 face多用于口语,含义广,强调有勇气、决心或自信心去面对。例如: Let's face the facts instead of evading them 让我们面对现实,不要逃避。 13. investigation: n. the act of investigating something; an official attempt to find out the truth about or the causes of something Prison officials are carrying out a full investigation after two prisoners escaped from a prison vehicle. 心理学家们正在进行一项关于暴力电视节目对孩子的影响的调查。 The psychologists are conducting an investigation about the impact of violent Tv programs on children 14. facilitate: vt. make easy or easier; help
7 11. arise: vi. (arose, arisen) [usually followed by from, out of] come into being or begin to be noticed; happen; appear * It would be best to deal with these issues at once, before a crisis arises. * When a conflict arises in the workplace, you should aim to repair the relationship as quickly as possible. 疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。 (= Accidents often arise from carelessness.) 这场争吵是怎么引起的? (= How did this quarrel arise?) CF: arise & arouse 这两个动词均含“引起”之意。 arise 是不及物动词，意思主要指“出现，发生”（后接 from 形成词组，意为“起 因于”）。例如： A new difficulty has arisen. 出现了新的困难。 arouse 是及物动词，意思主要指“唤醒，唤起，引起”。例如： We aroused him from his deep sleep. 我们把他从沉睡中唤醒。 The odd sight aroused our curiosity. 奇怪的景象激起我们的好奇。 12. confront: vt. come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility * Only when the police confronted her with evidence did she admit that she had stolen the money. * Overall, there are several major issues confronting us on the media front right now. CF: confront & face 这两个动词均含“面对”之意。 confront 多用于书面语，多指勇敢、冷静地面临某种问题、困难或任务等。例 如： She confronted the vital question of being bankrupt. 她面临要破产的重大问题。 face 多用于口语，含义广，强调有勇气、决心或自信心去面对。例如： Let’s face the facts instead of evading them. 让我们面对现实，不要逃避。 13. investigation: n. the act of investigating something; an official attempt to find out the truth about or the causes of something * Prison officials are carrying out a full investigation after two prisoners escaped from a prison vehicle. 心理学家们正在进行一项关于暴力电视节目对孩子的影响的调查。 (= The psychologists are conducting an investigation about the impact of violent TV programs on children.) 14. facilitate: vt. make easy or easier; help
Dividing students into small groups usually helps facilitate discussion 新建的地铁将便于人们去城市各处。 ( The new underground railway will facilitate the journey to all parts of the city 要是你再合作些,事情就会变得更容易 It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative 15. verbal: adj 1)spoken, not written The conference sponsors claimed that there was never even a verbal agreement, and refused to pay. The blind learners act appropriately on receiving verbal instructions or requests 2)of, relating to, or associated with words Even though he never physically abused me, the verbal abuse was frightening 有些人非常偏好数学,而有些人则在语言技能上胜人一筹 Some people are very mathematically inc lined, while some others xcel in verbal skills 16. undesirable: adj. not likely to please; not wanted; objectionable The drug is effective, but has undesirable side effects, and long-term use can result in liver damage The incident could have undesirable consequences for the government. 环境保护论者声称,开发将对该地区的野生动物有不良影响。 Environmentalists claim that the development will have undesirable effects on the wild animals in the area. 17. sound: adi 1)in good condition; without disease or damage What you want to know is: is the building structurally sound and weatherproof? 我修了屋顶,现在它挺坚固的。 (Ive repaired the roof and it's quite sound now. 2 sensible and likely to produce the right results Even when commenting on the poor service in the hotel he genuinely attempts to offer sound advice As long as a strong argument or sound reasons are given for your opinions they will stand on their own 3) physically or mentally healthy We are of sound mind and understand perfectly we l that if we attack ou,you will respond in the same way 我们在幼儿园看到许多身心健康的孩子时,非常感激他们的老师。 ( We very much appreciated the teachers of the kindergarten when we
8 * Dividing students into small groups usually helps facilitate discussion. 新建的地铁将便于人们去城市各处。 (= The new underground railway will facilitate the journey to all parts of the city.) 要是你再合作些，事情就会变得更容易。 (= It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative.) 15. verbal: adj. 1) spoken, not written * The conference sponsors claimed that there was never even a verbal agreement, and refused to pay. * The blind learners act appropriately on receiving verbal instructions or requests. 2) of, relating to, or associated with words * Even though he never physically abused me, the verbal abuse was frightening. 有些人非常偏好数学，而有些人则在语言技能上胜人一筹。 (= Some people are very mathematically inclined, while some others excel in verbal skills.) 16. undesirable: adj. not likely to please; not wanted; objectionable * The drug is effective, but has undesirable side effects, and long-term use can result in liver damage. * The incident could have undesirable consequences for the government. 环境保护论者声称，开发将对该地区的野生动物有不良影响。 (= Environmentalists claim that the development will have undesirable effects on the wild animals in the area.) 17. sound: adj. 1) in good condition; without disease or damage * What you want to know is: Is the building structurally sound and weatherproof? 我修了屋顶，现在它挺坚固的。 (= I’ve repaired the roof and it’s quite sound now.) 2) sensible and likely to produce the right results * Even when commenting on the poor service in the hotel he genuinely attempts to offer sound advice. * As long as a strong argument or sound reasons are given for your opinions they will stand on their own. 3) physically or mentally healthy * We are of sound mind and understand perfectly well that if we attack you, you will respond in the same way. 我们在幼儿园看到许多身心健康的孩子时，非常感激他们的老师。 (= We very much appreciated the teachers of the kindergarten when we
saw so many children of sound mind and body. 4)deep and peaceful (in sleep 昨天干了一整天的体力活,夜里睡得很沉。 (Yesterday I did the labor work the whole day and had a sound sleep in the night Collocation: a sound foundation牢固的基础 a sound economy殷实的经济 sound reasoning符合逻辑的推理 a sound sleep酣睡 a sound mind健全的头脑 18. circulation : n 1)the flow of gas or liquid around a closed system, esp the movement of blood through the bod The improved blood circulation enables practitioners to perform tasks in a more vigorous and healthy manner. natural chemicals which make you feel relaxed and invigorate ease the Taking moderate exercise will stimu late your circulation and rel 2 the passing of something, such as money or news, from place to place or person to person The Wall Street Journal boasts the largest daily paper circulation,a little less than two million The Treasury Department plans to remove old coins from circulation and replace them with new ones Collocation blood circulation血液循环 newspaper circulation报纸发行量 currency circulation货币流通 enjoy a huge circulation畅销 withdraw from circulation停止发行;停止流通 19. distraction: n. something or someone that distracts, esp. an amusement More importantly, urban development was regarded as a distraction from the real issues of environment and development. Mrs Smith planned to fin ish the final draft of her paper, but her baby's constant crying drove her to distraction 宿舍里使人分心的事物太多,使我难以集中精力学习。 (There are too many distractions in the dorm for me to concentrate on my study. 20. keep pace with: move, increase, change, etc. at the same speed as sb /sth
9 saw so many children of sound mind and body.) 4) deep and peaceful (in sleep) 昨天干了一整天的体力活，夜里睡得很沉。 (= Yesterday I did the labor work the whole day and had a sound sleep in the night.) Collocation: a sound foundation 牢固的基础 a sound economy 殷实的经济 sound reasoning 符合逻辑的推理 a sound sleep 酣睡 a sound mind 健全的头脑 18. circulation: n. 1) the flow of gas or liquid around a closed system, esp. the movement of blood through the body * The improved blood circulation enables practitioners to perform tasks in a more vigorous and healthy manner. * Taking moderate exercise will stimulate your circulation and release the natural chemicals which make you feel relaxed and invigorated. 2) the passing of something, such as money or news, from place to place or person to person * The Wall Street Journal boasts the largest daily paper circulation, a little less than two million. * The Treasury Department plans to remove old coins from circulation and replace them with new ones. Collocation: blood circulation 血液循环 newspaper circulation 报纸发行量 currency circulation 货币流通 enjoy a huge circulation 畅销 withdraw from circulation 停止发行；停止流通 19. distraction: n. something or someone that distracts, esp. an amusement * More importantly, urban development was regarded as a distraction from the real issues of environment and development. * Mrs. Smith planned to finish the final draft of her paper, but her baby’s constant crying drove her to distraction. 宿舍里使人分心的事物太多，使我难以集中精力学习。 (= There are too many distractions in the dorm for me to concentrate on my study.) 20. keep pace with: move, increase, change, etc. at the same speed as sb./sth
The supply of materials cannot keep pace with the demand. Pensions and benefits had not risen to keep pace with the rate of inflation, especially in the 1970s 工资的提高是否与通货膨胀同步? Are wages keeping pace with inflation?) 21. disposal: n. the act of getting rid of something; removal Air pollution and waste disposal were the two issues most in need of further legislation, according to the research 他对这个困难的处理使大家都感到满意 His disposal of the difficulty pleased everybody. CF: disposal disposition 这两个名词都与动词 dispose有关,都可以表示“处置”、“处理”。 disposal侧重于表示把某物“处理掉”,其方式可以是“卖”“白送”或者是 “毁掉”等。例如 His will arranged for the disposal of his property after his death 他在遗嘱中安排了自己死后财产如何处理。 disposition侧重于表示把物品整齐地排列起来。 He is considering the disposition of furniture in his new house 他在考虑怎样在新居中布置家具 NB:短语 at one' s disposal和at(或in)one' s disposition都表示“由某人任 意支配”,即想怎么处置就怎么处置。然而前者特别强调两点:①任意使用;② 任凭某人的指挥。例如: They put the villa at the disposal of the bridal couple. 他们叫那对新婚夫妇随意使用那所别墅 He had at his disposition large sums of money 他可以支配大量的金钱。 22. unconsciously: adv. without conscious control; without realizing involuntarily or unintendedly Mary watched the TV program in silence, unconsciously rubbing her hand on her dress 在交谈时,有些人会无意中模仿谈话对象 In conversation, some people unconsciously imitate the people they are speaking with NB: conscious ad有知觉的;有意识的→ unconscious ad无知觉的; 无意识的→ consciously ad有知觉地;有意识地→ unconsciously ad 无知觉地;无意识地→ consciousness n.知觉;意识→ unconsciousness n.无知觉;无意识 23. range 1)n the(measurable)limits with in which variable amounts or qualities are included
10 * The supply of materials cannot keep pace with the demand. * Pensions and benefits had not risen to keep pace with the rate of inflation, especially in the 1970s. 工资的提高是否与通货膨胀同步？ (= Are wages keeping pace with inflation?) 21. disposal: n. the act of getting rid of something; removal * Air pollution and waste disposal were the two issues most in need of further legislation, according to the research. 他对这个困难的处理使大家都感到满意。 (= His disposal of the difficulty pleased everybody.) CF: disposal & disposition 这两个名词都与动词 dispose 有关，都可以表示“处置”、“处理”。 disposal 侧重于表示把某物“处理掉”，其方式可以是“卖”、“白送”或者是 “毁掉”等。例如： His will arranged for the disposal of his property after his death. 他在遗嘱中安排了自己死后财产如何处理。 disposition 侧重于表示把物品整齐地排列起来。 He is considering the disposition of furniture in his new house. 他在考虑怎样在新居中布置家具。 NB: 短语 at one’s disposal 和 at (或 in) one’s disposition 都表示“由某人任 意支配”，即想怎么处置就怎么处置。然而前者特别强调两点：①任意使用；② 任凭某人的指挥。例如： They put the villa at the disposal of the bridal couple. 他们叫那对新婚夫妇随意使用那所别墅。 He had at his disposition large sums of money. 他可以支配大量的金钱。 22. unconsciously: adv. without conscious control; without realizing; involuntarily or unintendedly * Mary watched the TV program in silence, unconsciously rubbing her hand on her dress. 在交谈时，有些人会无意中模仿谈话对象。 (= In conversation, some people unconsciously imitate the people they are speaking with.) NB: conscious adj. 有知觉的；有意识的 → unconscious adj. 无知觉的； 无意识的 → consciously adv. 有知觉地；有意识地 → unconsciously adv. 无知觉地；无意识地 → consciousness n. 知觉；意识 → unconsciousness n. 无知觉；无意识 23. range 1) n. the (measurable) limits within which variable amounts or qualities are included