Unit 3 Book 3 Happiness L. Difficult Sentences 1. When most people exist near the breadline, material progress does indeed make them happier. (1)What does"exist near the breadline "mean in this passage? ("Exist near the breadline"means"just have enough money to feed themselves. " 2)Paraphrase the sentence. (When a multitude of people in a so ciety only have money enough feed themselves, they would feel much happier if they can earn more money 2. But when material discomfort has been banished. extra income becomes much less important than our relationships with each other: with family, with friends and in the community (1)What does"material discomfort has been banished" mean? (This part means that people have enough money to meet everyday needs, they don't worry about their daily life anymore (2) Translate the sentence (=然而,物质上的匮乏一旦消除,收入的增加便不如亲情、友情、邻里 和睦等人际关系那么重要。) 3. the reason for this is that over time our standards and expectations rise to meet our income (1)What does "our standards and expectations rise to meet our Income”mean? (lt means"with the increase in our income, our standards and expectations also rise. (2) Translate the sentence. (=原因是随着时间的推移,我们的标准和期望随着收入的增加而上升。) 4. Since people are always comparing their incomes with what others have, or with what they are used to, they only feel better off if they move up relative to the norm (1)What does the norm"refer to in this sentence? (This word refers to"average income. (2) Paraphrase“ move up relative to the norm.” ( They earn more than the average income 5. Since society as a whole cannot raise its position relative to itself, the
1 Unit 3 Book 3 Happiness I. Difficult Sentences 1. When most people exist near the breadline, material progress does indeed make them happier. (1) What does “exist near the breadline” mean in this passage? (=“Exist near the breadline” means “just have enough money to feed themselves.”) (2) Paraphrase the sentence. (=When a multitude of people in a society only have money enough to feed themselves, they would feel much happier if they can earn more money.) 2. But when material discomfort has been banished, extra income becomes much less important than our relationships with each other: with family, with friends and in the community. (1) What does “material discomfort has been banished” mean? (=This part means that people have enough money to meet everyday needs, they don’t worry about their daily life anymore.) (2) Translate the sentence. (=然而，物质上的匮乏一旦消除，收入的增加便不如亲情、友情、邻里 和睦等人际关系那么重要。) 3. The reason for this is that over time our standards and expectations rise to meet our income. (1) What does “our standards and expectations rise to meet our income” mean?) (=It means “with the increase in our income, our standards and expectations also rise.”) (2) Translate the sentence. (=原因是随着时间的推移，我们的标准和期望随着收入的增加而上升。) 4. Since people are always comparing their incomes with what others have, or with what they are used to, they only feel better off if they move up relative to the norm. (1) What does ‘the norm” refer to in this sentence? (=This word refers to “average income.”) (2) Paraphrase “move up relative to the norm.” (= They earn more than the average income.) 5. Since society as a whole cannot raise its position relative to itself, the
effort which its members devote to that end could be said to be a waste the balance between leisure and work has been shifted inefficiently"towards work. (1)What does"the effort which its members devote to that end'refer to in this sentence (People make an effort to raise their social status or position by working harder or earning more. (2) What does"inefficiently"refer to in this sentence? It means useless, meaningless, that's to say, it's useless for people to sacrifice their leisure time to work (3) Why does the author think these efforts are meaningless at all? Because their increase in income would definitely be counterbalanced by increase in average income, so that they wouldn't feel happier than before by working harder or earning more 6. It is a zero-sum game: private life sacrificed in order to increase status is a waste from the point of view of society as a whole. (1)What does"a zero-sum game"refer to in this sentence? (e Linguistically it refers to"a situation in which you receive as much money or advantages as you give away. In this sentence, it means that you pay a lot to increase social status, for example private life, leisure time, even worse health. But what you gain seems equal to what you have paid (2) Translate the sentence. (=这是一种得失平衡的游戏:从整个社会看,为了提高地位而牺牲个人的 地位,是一种浪费。) 7. In an increasingly competitive society, life will become tougher for people in the bottom half of the ability range unless we develop broader criteria for respect. (1)What does"people in the bottom half of the ability range"mean? ( lt refers to"those people whose ability is below the average") (2) What kind of ability does this sentence mean in your opinion?) It may refer to a person's ability to earn money. 3What does"broader criteria for respect"refer to? =lt means that besides economic status more factors are considered to decide whether one person deserves our respect or not.) 8. We should respect people who co-operate with others at no gain to themselves and who show skill and effort at whatever level Paraphrase the sentence (We should respect people who work with others for no reward and
2 effort which its members devote to that end could be said to be a waste ⎯ the balance between leisure and work has been shifted “inefficiently” towards work. (1) What does “the effort which its members devote to that end” refer to in this sentence?) (=People make an effort to raise their social status or position by working harder or earning more.) (2) What does “inefficiently” refer to in this sentence? (=It means useless, meaningless, that’s to say, it’s useless for people to sacrifice their leisure time to work.) (3) Why does the author think these efforts are meaningless at all? (=Because their increase in income would definitely be counterbalanced by increase in average income, so that they wouldn’t feel happier than before by working harder or earning more.) 6. It is a zero-sum game: private life sacrificed in order to increase status is a waste from the point of view of society as a whole. (1) What does “a zero-sum game” refer to in this sentence? (= Linguistically it refers to “a situation in which you receive as much money or advantages as you give away.” In this sentence, it means that you pay a lot to increase social status, for example, private life, leisure time, even worse health. But what you gain seems equal to what you have paid.) (2) Translate the sentence. (=这是一种得失平衡的游戏：从整个社会看，为了提高地位而牺牲个人的 地位，是一种浪费。) 7. In an increasingly competitive society, life will become tougher for people in the bottom half of the ability range unless we develop broader criteria for respect. (1) What does “people in the bottom half of the ability range” mean? (=It refers to “those people whose ability is below the average”.) (2) What kind of ability does this sentence mean in your opinion?) (=It may refer to a person’s ability to earn money.) (3) What does “broader criteria for respect” refer to?) (=It means that besides economic status, more factors are considered to decide whether one person deserves our respect or not.) 8. We should respect people who co-operate with others at no gain to themselves, and who show skill and effort at whatever level. Paraphrase the sentence. (=We should respect people who work with others for no reward and
those who use their skills and work hard at jobs of whatever rank. It seems likely that the extra comforts we now enjoy have increased our happiness somewhat, but that deteriorating relationships have made us less happy (1)What extra comforts do we enjoy ? (The extra comforts may include a better living place, a more luxurious car. etc (2)What kinds of relationships have been deteriorating? (Relationships in the family, at work and in the community. (pAraphrase the sentence. (While our higher standard of living has probably been a source of some extra happiness, this has been offset by the worsening of our relationships brought about by the single-minded pursuit of wealth 10. We are left with no concept of the common good or collective meanIng (1)What does this sentence indicate? (lt indicates that we are not aware of and pay little attention to the concept of the common good and collective interests (2)What does "the common good and collective meaning" refer to?) It means the advantage of everyone in the society or the advantage of the whole society. 11. The old religious worldview is gone; so too is the postwar re ligion of social and national solidarity (1)Translate the sentence (=无论是古老的、虔诚的世界观,还是战后社会的团结精神和国家的凝聚 意识,皆荡然无存。) (2)What do"the old religious worldview and "the postwar religion of social and national solidarity"refer to? (Open-ended. But this question is worth discussing about Teachers can really hold a deep discussion about this ll. Words and Expressions unparalleled: adj. having no parallel or equal; unmatched New agricultural and industrial processes have boosted productivity to unparalleled heights (With the soar of energy costs, this country is confronted with an economic crisis unparalleled in its history. 2. depression: n
3 those who use their skills and work hard at jobs of whatever rank.) 9. It seems likely that the extra comforts we now enjoy have increased our happiness somewhat, but that deteriorating relationships have made us less happy. (1) What extra comforts do we enjoy?) (=The extra comforts may include a better living place, a more luxurious car, etc.) (2) What kinds of relationships have been deteriorating? (=Relationships in the family, at work and in the community.) (3) Paraphrase the sentence. (=While our higher standard of living has probably been a source of some extra happiness, this has been offset by the worsening of our relationships brought about by the single-minded pursuit of wealth.) 10. We are left with no concept of the common good or collective meaning. (1) What does this sentence indicate? (=It indicates that we are not aware of and pay little attention to the concept of the common good and collective interests.) (2) What does “the common good and collective meaning” refer to?) (=It means the advantage of everyone in the society or the advantage of the whole society.) 11. The old religious worldview is gone; so too is the postwar religion of social and national solidarity. (1) Translate the sentence. (=无论是古老的、虔诚的世界观，还是战后社会的团结精神和国家的凝聚 意识，皆荡然无存。) (2) What do “the old religious worldview” and “the postwar religion of social and national solidarity” refer to? (=Open-ended. But this question is worth discussing about. Teachers can really hold a deep discussion about this.) II. Words and Expressions 1. unparalleled: adj. having no parallel or equal; unmatched *New agricultural and industrial processes have boosted productivity to unparalleled heights. (=With the soar of energy costs, this country is confronted with an economic crisis unparalleled in its history.) 2. depression: n
(1)being depressed; low spirits 他一时想不开,自杀了。 (He committed suicide during a fit of depression Peter fell into a deep depression on hearing the news. (2 )a period when there is little economic activity, and high unemployment Lots of people were deprived of all these property the great Depression 3. priority (1)a)(state of) being more important (in rank) Japan enjoys priority over other countries in the field of microelectronics 政府将改革法制列为工作的重点 (The Government gave top priority to reforming the legal system. (2)the thing that is(regarded as) more important than others (You must decide what your priorities are Housework is low on her list of priorities. 4. breadline: n. a very low level of income which allows people to eat but not have any extra things For those people who exist near the breadline, this policy really Collocations be/live on the breadline 非常穷,勉强维持生活 be near/below the breadline接近低于最低生活标准 5. banish: v (1)to send sb away, especially out of the country, as a punishment She was convicted of heresy and banished from the kingdom. He was banished from his home land for life (2)to drive( thoughts, etc)out (of the mind) 她从心里打消了过一个宁静假日的想法 (she banished all thoughts of a restful holiday from her mind. 6. pursuit:n (1)the action of pursuing The pursuit of profit was the main reason for the changes. (she devoted her life to the pursuit of pleasure (2) an activity such as a sport or hobby, which you spend a lot of time doing 她一生献身于有意义的活动 ( She was engaged in worthwhile pursuits for her whole life
4 (1) being depressed; low spirits 他一时想不开, 自杀了。 (=He committed suicide during a fit of depression.) *Peter fell into a deep depression on hearing the news. (2) a period when there is little economic activity, and high unemployment *Lots of people were deprived of all these property in the Great Depression. 3. priority: n. (1) (a) (state of) being more important (in rank) *Japan enjoys priority over other countries in the field of microelectronics. 政府将改革法制列为工作的重点。 (=The Government gave top priority to reforming the legal system.) (2) the thing that is (regarded as) more important than others (=You must decide what your priorities are.) *Housework is low on her list of priorities. 4. breadline: n. a very low level of income which allows people to eat but not have any extra things *For those people who exist near the breadline, this policy really crushes them. Collocations: be/live on the breadline 非常穷，勉强维持生活 be near/below the breadline 接近/低于最低生活标准 5. banish: v. (1) to send sb. away, especially out of the country, as a punishment *She was convicted of heresy and banished from the kingdom. *He was banished from his homeland for life. (2) to drive (thoughts, etc) out (of the mind) 她从心里打消了过一个宁静假日的想法。 (=She banished all thoughts of a restful holiday from her mind.) 6. pursuit: n. (1) the action of pursuing *The pursuit of profit was the main reason for the changes. (=She devoted her life to the pursuit of pleasure.) (2) an activity such as a sport or hobby, which you spend a lot of time doing 她一生献身于有意义的活动。 (=She was engaged in worthwhile pursuits for her whole life.)
fThe world-famous scientist immersed himself in academic pursuits Collocations in pursuit of在追求…时 Pm always amazed at the things people do in pursuit of authentic love. in hot pursuit穷追不舍 The quarterback sprinted toward the end zone with Peter in hot pursuit. 7. intense: adj. (1)(of sensations) having a very strong effect or felt very strongly The heat was intense (2)(of emotions, etc)very strong *she can be so intense. It makes me exhausted 这个年轻的女士十分嫉妒 (This young lady was overcome by an intense feeling of jealousy 8. in the long run: later in the future, not immediately (The less you rely on painkillers now, the better it will be for your health in the long run We can't sacrifice our ecosystem to immediate economic growth. As in the long run, this decision would be disastrous 9. overall: (1adj]. including everything, taking everything into account (There's been an overall improvement recently My overall impression of his work is good. *What will it cost, overall?,generally (2)adv including everything 总的来说,价格仍在上升。 (Overall, the prices are stilling rising 10. in line with: in accordance to 养老金将会跟着通货膨胀的水平增长。) (Pensions will be increased in line with inflation Income tax fluctuates in line with the change in one's earning Collocations: line of business专业,行业 drop sb. a line给人写短信(便条 on the right lines正确,对的 in line with 与 致 be in sb. s line 是某人的专长 take a firm line on对某事采取坚定的态度 (Directions: ) Fill in the blanks with the expressions above
5 *The world-famous scientist immersed himself in academic pursuits. Collocations: in pursuit of 在追求……时 *I’m always amazed at the things people do in pursuit of authentic love. in hot pursuit 穷追不舍 *The quarterback sprinted toward the end zone with Peter in hot pursuit. 7. intense: adj. (1) (of sensations) having a very strong effect or felt very strongly *The heat was intense. (2) (of emotions, etc) very strong *She can be so intense. It makes me exhausted. 这个年轻的女士十分嫉妒。 (=This young lady was overcome by an intense feeling of jealousy.) 8. in the long run: later in the future, not immediately (=The less you rely on painkillers now, the better it will be for your health in the long run.) *We can’t sacrifice our ecosystem to immediate economic growth. As in the long run, this decision would be disastrous. 9. overall: (1)adj. including everything, taking everything into account (=There's been an overall improvement recently.) *My overall impression of his work is good. (2) adv. including everything; generally *What will it cost, overall? 总的来说，价格仍在上升。 (=Overall, the prices are stilling rising.) 10. in line with: in accordance to 养老金将会跟着通货膨胀的水平增长。) (=Pensions will be increased in line with inflation.) *Income tax fluctuates in line with the change in one’s earning. Collocations: line of business 专业， 行业 drop sb. a line 给人写短信（便条） on the right lines 正确，对的 in line with 与……一致 be in sb.’s line 是某人的专长 take a firm line on 对某事采取坚定的态度 (Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the expressions above
(1)Im afraid cooking isn' t really (in my line. (2) These new proposals are certainly (on the right and let me know how you're getting on. Drop me a line) 4)What is he in?line of business (5) We really should (take a firm line)on drug abuse so as to eliminate such a prevailing phenomenon 11. relative to: with regard to, concerning; in comparison with Before you resort to justice, you should accumulate enough evidence relative to this issue 'People only feel better off if they move up relative to the average Income 12. counterproductive: adj. achieving the opposite result to the one that you (Sending young offenders to prison can be counterproductive His comfort may be counterproductive as this little boy was overcome by hatred and jealousy. NB: counter-是一个前缀,表达的意思是“相反的 例如 counterattack 反击 counteract 抵消,对抗 counterbalance使……平衡 countermeasure对策 counterrevolution反革命 counterpart 两方面地位、职务相当的人 (Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. (1)She was banished from her own country because she was engaged in a Ecounter-revolution) (2)This medicine can the poison. counteract (3His intelligence, to a large extent, his quick temper. (counterbalance) 4)New against terrorism is badly needed (countermeasure 5)Chinese Premier is discussing this issue with his British =counterpart) (6)The general decided on a swift as the enemy was totally mad about the former victory. counterattack) 13. incentive: n sth encouraging people to do sth, stimulus The chance of a higher salary and a quick promotion gives young 6
6 (1) I’m afraid cooking isn’t really ____________. (=in my line.) (2) These new proposals are certainly _______________. (=on the right lines) (3) _______ and let me know how you’re getting on. (=Drop me a line) (4) What __________ is he in? (=line of business) (5) We really should ___________ (=take a firm line) on drug abuse so as to eliminate such a prevailing phenomenon. 11. relative to: with regard to, concerning; in comparison with *Before you resort to justice, you should accumulate enough evidence relative to this issue. *People only feel better off if they move up relative to the average income. 12. counterproductive: adj. achieving the opposite result to the one that you want (=Sending young offenders to prison can be counterproductive.) *His comfort may be counterproductive as this little boy was overcome by hatred and jealousy. NB: counter-是一个前缀，表达的意思是“相反的”。 例如： counterattack 反击 counteract 抵消，对抗 counterbalance 使……平衡 countermeasure 对策 counterrevolution 反革命 counterpart 两方面地位、职务相当的人 (Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. (1) She was banished from her own country because she was engaged in a ______________. (=counter-revolution) (2) This medicine can ______________ the poison. (=counteract) (3) His intelligence, to a large extent, _________ his quick temper. (=counterbalance) (4) New ________________ against terrorism is badly needed. (=countermeasure) (5) Chinese Premier is discussing this issue with his British _________. (=counterpart) (6) The general decided on a swift ___________ as the enemy was totally mad about the former victory. (=counterattack) 13. incentive: n. sth. encouraging people to do sth., stimulus *The chance of a higher salary and a quick promotion gives young
people incentive to work harder. (那么低的价格让农民没有动力再种植下去了。) With such a low price, there is little incentive for farmers to go on this practice in the following years 14. reinforce: v (1)to give more support to(sth ) emphasize 这个证据证实了我认为他是间谍课的这一看法 ( This evidence reinforces my view that he is a spy. Conclusions from the report have been reinforced by more recent studies (2 to increase the numbers or military strength of our defenses must be reinforced against attack. 15. in terms of: as measured or indicated by in units of; with reference to 这是一种低廉的娱乐,但就浪费的时间来说却极昂贵 FThis is a kind of cheap entertainment, but costly in terms of time wasted. (In terms of customer satisfaction, the policy can' t be criticized 16. derive from: to get sth from sth or sb. 得知自己不是唯一考试没过的人时,他得到了一些安慰。) ( He derived some comfort from the fact that he wasn't the only one to fail the exam. This dictator derived happiness from citizens'miseries and sufferings. 17. rank. (1n. the position in a scale of responsibility, quality, social status, etc He is a painter of the top rank. To tackle such a social problem, people of all ranks should cooperate with each other (2)V. to hold a particular rank (This recession ranks as one of the worst in recent times 她在班上总是排名第一。) she does always rank first in the class. CF: class, degree, grade rank 这些名词均有“级”、“等级”之意 cass含义广泛,指人或物按优劣划分的等级,也指学校中的年级或班级。 degree指不同的程度、范围。也可指形容词或副词的级。 grade指按地位或优劣划分的等级,既可指人又可指物
7 people incentive to work harder. （那么低的价格让农民没有动力再种植下去了。） (=With such a low price, there is little incentive for farmers to go on this practice in the following years.) 14. reinforce: v. (1) to give more support to (sth.); emphasize 这个证据证实了我认为他是间谍的这一看法。 (=This evidence reinforces my view that he is a spy.) *Conclusions from the report have been reinforced by more recent studies. (2) to increase the numbers or military strength of *Our defenses must be reinforced against attack. 15. in terms of: as measured or indicated by; in units of; with reference to 这是一种低廉的娱乐，但就浪费的时间来说却极昂贵。 (=This is a kind of cheap entertainment, but costly in terms of time wasted.) (= In terms of customer satisfaction, the policy can’t be criticized.) 16. derive from: to get sth. from sth. or sb. (得知自己不是唯一考试没过的人时，他得到了一些安慰。) (=He derived some comfort from the fact that he wasn’t the only one to fail the exam.) *This dictator derived happiness from citizens’ miseries and sufferings. 17. rank: (1) n. the position in a scale of responsibility, quality, social status, etc *He is a painter of the top rank. *To tackle such a social problem, people of all ranks should cooperate with each other. (2) v. to hold a particular rank (=This recession ranks as one of the worst in recent times.) (她在班上总是排名第一。) (=She does always rank first in the class.) CF: class, degree, grade & rank 这些名词均有“级”、“等级”之意。 class 含义广泛，指人或物按优劣划分的等级，也指学校中的年级或班级。 degree 指不同的程度、范围。也可指形容词或副词的级。 grade 指按地位或优劣划分的等级，既可指人又可指物
rank指人在社会中的地位或等级,尤指军队中的军衔 (Directions: ) Fill in the blanks with the words above *We are in the same n math. class Wilma has a lot of responsibility but she is still on a secretarial There are different views about the o which unemployment is society's fault. degree) Bates is very young to be promoted to the f general (rank) 18, decrease (1)V. to(cause sth to) become smaller or fewer; diminish *Student numbers have decreased by 500. 人们对此项运动的兴趣已逐渐淡薄。 (People's interest in the sport is decreasing gradually. (2)n. decreasing; reduction *This month has witnessed a decrease of 3% in the rate of inflation There has been a decrease in imports 19. ensure: y 1)to make sure; to guarantee (The book ensured his success. Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night. (2) to make(sb. certain to get (sth ) assure These pills should ensure you a good night's sleep CF: ensure, insure, guarantee pledge 这些动词都有“保证”之意。 Insure常与 ensure换用,但前者多指经济方面的保证、保险。而 ensure 强调使人相信某事必将发生,还有“保证”、“获得”、“保证赋予”的 意思。 guarantee指对事物的品质或人的行为及履行义务、义务等承担责任的保 证 pledge正式用词,指通过郑重许诺、协议或立香等保证承担某一义务或遵 守某一原则。 The UK government has that the wishes of the minority community in Northern Ireland will be respected. pledged *I would advise you to the painting for at least $100,000. This oven is for one year against failure. guaranteed All security measures have been taken to their safety. ( ensure)
8 rank 指人在社会中的地位或等级，尤指军队中的军衔。 (Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. *We are in the same ______________ in math. (=class) *Wilma has a lot of responsibility but she is still on a secretarial ___________. (=grade) *There are different views about the ___________ to which unemployment is society’s fault. (=degree) *Bates is very young to be promoted to the _______ of General. (=rank) 18. decrease: (1) v. to (cause sth. to) become smaller or fewer; diminish *Student numbers have decreased by 500. 人们对此项运动的兴趣已逐渐淡薄。 (=People’s interest in the sport is decreasing gradually.) (2) n. decreasing; reduction *This month has witnessed a decrease of 3% in the rate of inflation. *There has been a decrease in imports. 19. ensure: v. (1) to make sure; to guarantee (=The book ensured his success.) *Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night. (2) to make (sb.) certain to get (sth.); assure *These pills should ensure you a good night's sleep. CF: ensure, insure, guarantee & pledge 这些动词都有“保证”之意。 insure 常与 ensure 换用，但前者多指经济方面的保证、保险。而 ensure 强调使人相信某事必将发生，还有“保证”、“获得”、“保证赋予”的 意思。 guarantee 指对事物的品质或人的行为及履行义务、义务等承担责任的保 证。 pledge 正式用词，指通过郑重许诺、协议或立誓等保证承担某一义务或遵 守某一原则。 *The UK government has _________ that the wishes of the minority community in Northern Ireland will be respected. (=pledged) *I would advise you to _________ the painting for at least $100,000. (=insure) *This oven is __________ for one year against failure. (=guaranteed) *All security measures have been taken to _________ their safety. (=ensure)
20. hierarchy: n. a system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highest *There is a hierarchy in the classification of all living creatures 重要的决策都在管理层中决定。 Important decis ions were made high up in the management hierarchy. 21 inevitable: adj. certain to happen and impossible to avoid *看来他们的败局是在所难免了。 =lt seems inevitable that they,'ll lose. A further deterioration of environment now seems inevitable 22. occupation: n (1)job; profession (Please state your name, address and occupation (大学生正在为将来的职业积累足够的专业知识。) ( The college students are accumulating a great mu ltitude of expertise for their future occupations 2) an activity that occupies a persons time; pastime she has many occupations including gardening and wine-making 他的业余爱好是看书 (His favorite occupation is reading. 23, evaluate:v, to find out or form an idea of the amount or value of assess I cant evaluate his ability without seeing his work. *It's hard to evaluate the success of that train ing scheme right now, as it is predicted to produce long-term effects 24. in effect: in essence; to all purposes In effect, the testimony that in effect contradicted her earlier statement. 证词实际上与她以前的话相反。 *In effect, our salary will fall by 2% due to the inflation. 25 fundamentally: adv. essentially, primarily 你我的宗教信仰根本不同。 eYour religious beliefs and mine are fundamentally different Her ideas are fundamentally sound, even if she says silly things sometimes 26. intrinsic: adj. being part of the nature or character of sb or sth Except salary, I don't see any intrinsic interest in this job. tHese serious problems are intrinsic to the worsening situation
9 20. hierarchy: n. a system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highest *There is a hierarchy in the classification of all living creatures. (重要的决策都在管理层中决定。) *(=Important decisions were made high up in the management hierarchy.) 21. inevitable: adj. certain to happen and impossible to avoid *看来他们的败局是在所难免了。 (=It seems inevitable that they'll lose.) *A further deterioration of environment now seems inevitable. 22. occupation: n. (1) job; profession (=Please state your name, address and occupation.) (大学生正在为将来的职业积累足够的专业知识。) (=The college students are accumulating a great multitude of expertise for their future occupations.) (2) an activity that occupies a person's time; pastime *She has many occupations including gardening and wine-making. *他的业余爱好是看书. (=His favorite occupation is reading.) 23. evaluate: v. to find out or form an idea of the amount or value of; assess *I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work. *It’s hard to evaluate the success of that training scheme right now, as it is predicted to produce long-term effects. 24. in effect: in essence; to all purposes *In effect, the testimony that in effect contradicted her earlier statement. 证词实际上与她以前的话相反。 *In effect, our salary will fall by 2% due to the inflation. 25. fundamentally: adv. essentially, primarily 你我的宗教信仰根本不同。 (=Your religious beliefs and mine are fundamentally different.) *Her ideas are fundamentally sound, even if she says silly things sometimes. 26. intrinsic: adj. being part of the nature or character of sb. or sth. *Except salary, I don’t see any intrinsic interest in this job. *(=These serious problems are intrinsic to the worsening situation.)
27. deteriorate: v. to become worse in quality or condition The discussion deteriorated into a bitter quarrel Leather can deteriorate in damp conditions 28. collective (1)adj. joint; shared only a collective government can make the best out of democracy. eThis is a collective decision on the part of the management (2)n. a group of people who work together or to run sth such as a business or a farm the business or farm that is run by this type of people The worker's collective decided to launch a campaign against overtime working 29 outward: adj. (1)going out or away from He got lost on the outward journey. (2)of or on the outside 这座城市外表上有些变化,但实质上还是老样子 (There were outward changes, but the city remained essentially the same. she gives no outward sign of the sadness she must feel (An outward show of confidence concealed his nervousness. 30. everlasting: adj. never change; going on or lasting forever Nobody can enjoy an everlasting life. 我厌倦了他没完没了的抱怨 =lm tired of his everlasting complaints. lll. Useful Expressions 1.史无前例的经济增长 economic growth unparalleled in history 2.为温饱发愁 exist near the breadline 3.物质上的匮乏 material discomfort 4.追求更高的收入 in pursuit of higher income 5.这个时代的人生哲学 philosophy for our age 6.极端的个人主义 intense individualism 7.是……一样的 in line with 8.和平均水准相比有所上升 move up relative to the norm 9.当休闲与工作的天平偏向 balance between leisure and work shifted 工作 towards work 10.以自己为参照物 relative to itself
10 27. deteriorate: v. to become worse in quality or condition *The discussion deteriorated into a bitter quarrel. *Leather can deteriorate in damp conditions. 28. collective: (1) adj. joint; shared *Only a collective government can make the best out of democracy. *(=This is a collective decision on the part of the management.) (2) n. a group of people who work together or to run sth. such as a business or a farm; the business or farm that is run by this type of people *The worker’s collective decided to launch a campaign against overtime working. 29. outward: adj. (1) going out or away from *He got lost on the outward journey. (2) of or on the outside 这座城市外表上有些变化，但实质上还是老样子。 (=There were outward changes, but the city remained essentially the same.) *She gives no outward sign of the sadness she must feel. (=An outward show of confidence concealed his nervousness.) 30. everlasting: adj. never change; going on or lasting forever *Nobody can enjoy an everlasting life. *我厌倦了他没完没了的抱怨。 (=I'm tired of his everlasting complaints.) III. Useful Expressions 1. 史无前例的经济增长 economic growth unparalleled in history 2. 为温饱发愁 exist near the breadline 3. 物质上的匮乏 material discomfort 4. 追求更高的收入 in pursuit of higher income 5. 这个时代的人生哲学 philosophy for our age 6. 极端的个人主义 intense individualism 7. 是……一样的 in line with 8. 和平均水准相比有所上升 move up relative to the norm 9. 当休闲与工作的天平偏向 balance between leisure and work shifted 工作 towards work 10. 以自己为参照物 relative to itself