Unit8 Book 1 College Life Difficult Sentences 1. Secrets of Straight-A Students Who are called“ straight-A students”? E A straight-a student is someone who regularly gets the best marks for all of their work in school or college. Translate the title into chinese (=全优生的秘诀) 2. . it is far more important for a student to know how to make the most of his or her innate abilities What is the part of speech of the word"far"? What does it mean? It's an adverb. It means very much. It can be used to modify some adjectives, such as far less/better/easier, and to modify some prepositions, such as far above/below/beyond More examples It would take me far too long to explain The new system is far better than the old one. He bought it for a price that was far beyond much more than)its real value Paraphrase "make the most of his or her innate abilities To get as much advantage as one can from one's innate abilities. 3. Study time is never compromised for phone calls, television programmes or snacks. In other words, it is always placed above recreation What kind of study habit does the author describe? Talk about it in your own words Never make phone calls, watch television or have snacks when it's time to study Study is forever the first choice. 4. they must know how to pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable and work ability so that they might not be overwhelmed by the tasks at hand What can you infer from the expression"to pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable and work ability E Our time and energy are limited, so we have to organize our assignments and activities skillfully so that we do not have too much to do and still have energy left near the end Paraphrase"the tasks at hand Tasks that need to be dealt with now. 5. Another winning formula which teachers promote lies in a students ability to hand in neat work
1 Unit 8 Book 1 College Life Difficult Sentences 1. Secrets of Straight-A Students Who are called “straight-A students”? (= A straight-A student is someone who regularly gets the best marks for all of their work in school or college.) Translate the title into Chinese. (= 全优生的秘诀) 2. …, it is far more important for a student to know how to make the most of his or her innate abilities. What is the part of speech of the word “far”? What does it mean? (= It’s an adverb. It means very much. It can be used to modify some adjectives, such as far less/better/easier, and to modify some prepositions, such as far above/below/beyond. More examples: * It would take me far too long to explain. * The new system is far better than the old one. * He bought it for a price that was far beyond (= much more than) its real value.) Paraphrase “make the most of his or her innate abilities”. (= To get as much advantage as one can from one’s innate abilities.) 3. Study time is never compromised for phone calls, television programmes or snacks. In other words, it is always placed above recreation. What kind of study habit does the author describe? Talk about it in your own words. (= Never make phone calls, watch television or have snacks when it’s time to study. Study is forever the first choice.) 4. They must know how to pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable and work ability so that they might not be overwhelmed by the tasks at hand. What can you infer from the expression “to pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable and work ability”? (= Our time and energy are limited, so we have to organize our assignments and activities skillfully so that we do not have too much to do and still have energy left near the end.) Paraphrase “the tasks at hand”. (= Tasks that need to be dealt with now.) 5. Another winning formula which teachers promote lies in a student’s ability to hand in neat work
What does"formula"originally mean? What does it refer to here? Formula means a list of the substances used to make a medicine, drink, etc Here winning formula refers to a method that leads to success. 6. According to one professor, the student who turns in neat work is already on the way to scoring an A. What can we infer from"is already on the way to scoring an A"? It is very likely that the student will get an A 7. The experiment also illuminated the value of hy pothetical tests conducted among the students and on their own What is a"hy pothetical test"? (A hy pothetical test is a test that is not real, but that might happen Translate the sentence into chinese (=研究也证明了学生间互相进行模拟测试或自我测试的好处。) 8. Experts confirmed that students who devise possible test questions often find many of the same questions during the real examination and thus score high What is the benefit of devising possible test questions? By devising questions that might possibly appear in the test, the students undertake a thorough review of what they 've learned and become better prepared for the real test 9. The latter set high standards for their children and held them to those standards Paraphrase“ held them to those standards”. Helped them live up to the standards. 10. They impressed the lessons of responsibility on their children, and the children delivered Explain the part"impressed the lessons of responsibility on their children ("Impress something on somebody" means to make the importance of something clear to someone. the parents made it clear to their children that responsibility is very important What does"deliveryman? It means to provide something promised or expected. Trans late the sentence into chinese (=他们使孩子们铭记肩负的责任,而孩子们则将其付诸实践。 Words and Expressions 1. conduct: vt. carry out or direct; go with and guide or lead We are conducting a survey of consumer attitudes towards organic food Is it really necessary to conduct experiments on animals?
2 What does “formula” originally mean? What does it refer to here? (= Formula means a list of the substances used to make a medicine, drink, etc. Here winning formula refers to a method that leads to success.) 6. According to one professor, the student who turns in neat work is already on the way to scoring an A. What can we infer from “is already on the way to scoring an A”? (= It is very likely that the student will get an A.) 7. The experiment also illuminated the value of hypothetical tests conducted among the students and on their own. What is a “hypothetical test”? (= A hypothetical test is a test that is not real, but that might happen.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 研究也证明了学生间互相进行模拟测试或自我测试的好处。) 8. Experts confirmed that students who devise possible test questions often find many of the same questions during the real examination and thus score higher. What is the benefit of devising possible test questions? (= By devising questions that might possibly appear in the test, the students undertake a thorough review of what they’ve learned and become better prepared for the real test.) 9. The latter set high standards for their children and held them to those standards. Paraphrase “held them to those standards”. (= Helped them live up to the standards.) 10. They impressed the lessons of responsibility on their children, and the children delivered. Explain the part “impressed the lessons of responsibility on their children”. (= “Impress something on somebody” means to make the importance of something clear to someone. The parents made it clear to their children that responsibility is very important.) What does “deliver” mean? (= It means to provide something promised or expected.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 他们使孩子们铭记肩负的责任，而孩子们则将其付诸实践。) Words and Expressions 1. conduct: vt. carry out or direct; go with and guide or lead * We are conducting a survey of consumer attitudes towards organic food. * Is it really necessary to conduct experiments on animals?
Collocation conduct a meeting主持会议 conduct an investigation进行调查 2. innate: adj. of a quality ) which someone was born with The kids have an innate curiosity about the physical world 孩子具有天生的学习语言的能力。 ( Children have an innate ability to learn language. 3. attain: vt. gain or arrive at, esp after long effort; reach India attained independence in 1947. I would tell them that they could attain levels of quality and customer satisfaction greater than they had ever imagined CF: attain, achieve& accomplish 这三个动词均有“达到、完成”之意 attain指努力去达成或实现目标,常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。例如: * She finally attained her ends.她终于达到了她的目的。 * Kacy attained the rank of deputy director..凯茜当上副经理了。 achieve指由于功绩或努力而理所当然应该得到的成功。例如: * He will never achieve his objectives if he does not work harder.如果不加倍 努力的话,他永远也实现不了他的目标。 accomplish指完成规定的任务。例如: * He accomplished the building of the bookcase.他做完了一个书橱。 4. academic: ad. concerning education, esp. college or univers ity level; being or based on subjects that are taught to develop the mind rather than to provide practical skills Her name is well known in academic circles Teachers must provide challenging activ ities for their more academic pupils 麦克没有工作而且毫无学术成就。 Mike was unemployed, and had no academic achievement Collocation: academic research学术研究 an academic degree学位 an academic discussion学术讨论 an academic year学年 5. principle: n a truth or belief that is accepted as a base for reasoning or action; the general rules on which a skill, science, etc is based, and which a beginner must understand He prided himself on his high moral principles= strong ideas about how it is right or wrong to behave)
3 Collocation: conduct a meeting 主持会议 conduct an investigation 进行调查 2. innate: adj. (of a quality) which someone was born with * The kids have an innate curiosity about the physical world. 孩子具有天生的学习语言的能力。 (= Children have an innate ability to learn language.) 3. attain: vt. gain or arrive at, esp. after long effort; reach * India attained independence in 1947. * I would tell them that they could attain levels of quality and customer satisfaction greater than they had ever imagined. CF: attain, achieve & accomplish 这三个动词均有“达到、完成”之意。 attain 指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。例如: * She finally attained her ends. 她终于达到了她的目的。 * Kacy attained the rank of deputy director. 凯茜当上副经理了。 achieve 指由于功绩或努力而理所当然应该得到的成功。例如: * He will never achieve his objectives if he does not work harder. 如果不加倍 努力的话，他永远也实现不了他的目标。 accomplish 指完成规定的任务。例如: * He accomplished the building of the bookcase. 他做完了一个书橱。 4. academic: adj. concerning education, esp. college or university level; being or based on subjects that are taught to develop the mind rather than to provide practical skills * Her name is well known in academic circles. * Teachers must provide challenging activities for their more academic pupils. 麦克没有工作而且毫无学术成就。 (= Mike was unemployed, and had no academic achievement.) Collocation: academic research 学术研究 an academic degree 学位 an academic discussion 学术讨论 an academic year 学年 5. principle: n. a truth or belief that is accepted as a base for reasoning or action; the general rules on which a skill, science, etc. is based, and which a beginner must understand * He prided himself on his high moral principles (= strong ideas about how it is right or wrong to behave)
Schools try to teach children a set of principles. Collocation against somebody' s principles违背原则 t's against my principles to accept gifts from clients.从客户那里接受礼物 有违我的原则。 a person of principle有原则的人 * He considered himself to be a man of principle.他认为自己是一个有原则的 人 in principle原则上 In principle, the new software should make the accounting system a lot simple.原则上,这个新的软件应当使会计系统简便很多。 6. priority: n. something that needs attention, consideration, service, etc before others After several burglaries in the area, security is now a high priority With so little money available, repairs must remain a low priority 我们应当优先考虑孩子。 (The children are our first priority. Collocation a first/top/ main priority优先考虑的问题 * Road building is a top priority.道路建设是应最优先考虑的事情。 priority over比……优先 This project has priority over others.这个项目应放在其他一切项目之上。 7. compromise: vi do something that is against one's principles or does not reach the standards that one has set The captain refused to compromise on any of his demands She admitted that she was unable to compromise. The employers will have to be ready to compromise if they want to avoid a strike Collocation compromise with和某人妥协 We cannot compromise with those whose principles are directly opposed to our own.我们不能和在原则方面与我们针锋相对的人妥协 compromise on在某事上妥协 The President might be willing to compromise on defense spending. at 可能愿意在国防开支上妥协 8. recreation: n. [C; U](a form of) amusement and enjoyment; way of spending free time Vancouver is a city more in tune with outdoor recreation than cultural institutions
4 * Schools try to teach children a set of principles. Collocation: against somebody’s principles 违背原则 * It’s against my principles to accept gifts from clients. 从客户那里接受礼物 有违我的原则。 a person of principle 有原则的人 * He considered himself to be a man of principle. 他认为自己是一个有原则的 人。 in principle 原则上 * In principle, the new software should make the accounting system a lot simpler. 原则上，这个新的软件应当使会计系统简便很多。 6. priority: n. something that needs attention, consideration, service, etc. before others * After several burglaries in the area, security is now a high priority. * With so little money available, repairs must remain a low priority. 我们应当优先考虑孩子。 (= The children are our first priority.) Collocation: a first/top/main priority 优先考虑的问题 * Road building is a top priority. 道路建设是应最优先考虑的事情。 priority over 比……优先 * This project has priority over others. 这个项目应放在其他一切项目之上。 7. compromise: vi. do something that is against one’s principles or does not reach the standards that one has set * The captain refused to compromise on any of his demands. * She admitted that she was unable to compromise. * The employers will have to be ready to compromise if they want to avoid a strike. Collocation: compromise with 和某人妥协 * We cannot compromise with those whose principles are directly opposed to our own. 我们不能和在原则方面与我们针锋相对的人妥协。 compromise on 在某事上妥协 * The President might be willing to compromise on defense spending. 总统 可能愿意在国防开支上妥协。 8. recreation: n. [C; U] (a form of) amusement and enjoyment; way of spending free time * Vancouver is a city more in tune with outdoor recreation than cultural institutions
他唯一的消遣方式就是喝啤酒和看足球 His only recreations are drinking beer and watching football) They see the outdoors as a recreation activity, not a job opportunity CF: recreation, pastime hobby 这三个名词均有“闲暇时间的活动”之意。 recreation指娱乐性放松,其含义包括了体育锻炼。例如 Holiday centers offer a variety of recreations that include folk dancing swimming and boating.度假中心提供各种各样的娱乐,包括民间舞蹈、游泳和 划船 pastime指为消磨闲暇所做的任何事情,代表着几乎没有什么价值的活动。例如 He insisted that h is painting was merely a pastime that kept him from being bored.他认为他画画只是为了摆脱无聊的一种消遣罢了。 hobby指一种完善而具体的知识或对有些领域很在行的活动,尤指收集或修补活 动,经常由自己在家里做。例如: Susan' s hobbies include reading, cooking, and drama.苏珊的爱好有阅读 烹饪和戏剧。 9. addition: n. the act of adding, esp of adding numbers together; something added Additions are made to the list from time to time In the last three months there has been a new addition to the family -our daughter, RacheL. Collocation in addition此外,另外 The boss forced him to work sixteen hours a day and beat him in addition 老板强迫他一天工作16个小时,而且还要打他。 in addition to除了……之外 n addition to his salary, he earns a lot from royalties.除了工资,他还挣不少 版税。 CF: addition accretion 这两个名词均有“增加、增添”之意。 addition指数目的增加,或一样东西与另一样东西的相加。例如: * The addition of flour will thicken gravy.如些面粉可使肉汁变稠。 accretion指自然的增加,尤指外层附加物的添加。例如: * A mineral augments by accretion.矿物因增生而增大 a glacier is formed by the accretion of many particles of frozen packed snow.冰川是由许多冻实的小雪块相加而形成的。 10. thrive: V develop well and be healthy, strong, or successful Most herbs need direct sun all day in order to thrive The IT explosion means that telecommunications companies are thriving nB: 注意该词的词性变化,它的形容词形式为 thriving。例如:
5 他唯一的消遣方式就是喝啤酒和看足球。 (= His only recreations are drinking beer and watching football.) * They see the outdoors as a recreation activity, not a job opportunity. CF: recreation, pastime & hobby 这三个名词均有“闲暇时间的活动”之意。 recreation 指娱乐性放松，其含义包括了体育锻炼。例如: * Holiday centers offer a variety of recreations that include folk dancing, swimming and boating. 度假中心提供各种各样的娱乐，包括民间舞蹈、游泳和 划船。 pastime 指为消磨闲暇所做的任何事情，代表着几乎没有什么价值的活动。例如: * He insisted that his painting was merely a pastime that kept him from being bored. 他认为他画画只是为了摆脱无聊的一种消遣罢了。 hobby 指一种完善而具体的知识或对有些领域很在行的活动，尤指收集或修补活 动，经常由自己在家里做。例如: * Susan’s hobbies include reading, cooking, and drama. 苏珊的爱好有阅读、 烹饪和戏剧。 9. addition: n. the act of adding, esp. of adding numbers together; something added * Additions are made to the list from time to time. * In the last three months there has been a new addition to the family — our daughter, Rachel. Collocation: in addition 此外，另外 * The boss forced him to work sixteen hours a day and beat him in addition. 老板强迫他一天工作 16 个小时，而且还要打他。 in addition to 除了……之外 * In addition to his salary, he earns a lot from royalties. 除了工资，他还挣不少 版税。 CF: addition & accretion 这两个名词均有“增加、增添”之意。 addition 指数目的增加，或一样东西与另一样东西的相加。例如: * The addition of flour will thicken gravy. 加些面粉可使肉汁变稠。 accretion 指自然的增加，尤指外层附加物的添加。例如： * A mineral augments by accretion. 矿物因增生而增大。 *A glacier is formed by the accretion of many particles of frozen packed snow. 冰川是由许多冻实的小雪块相加而形成的。 10. thrive: v. develop well and be healthy, strong, or successful * Most herbs need direct sun all day in order to thrive. * The IT explosion means that telecommunications companies are thriving. NB: 注意该词的词性变化，它的形容词形式为 thriving。例如：
a thriving company a thriving tourist industry 11. consistency: n. the state of always keeping to the same principles or course of action Consumer groups are demanding greater consistency in the labeling food products (=消费者组织要求食品标签有更高的一致性。) Consistency of performance depends on several factors 12. perform: vt. 1)do; carry out (a piece of work, duty, ceremony, etc. ) esp. according to a usual or established method The operation was performed by a team of surgeons at Brooks Hospital. Students perform increasingly difficult tasks as the course continues. Surgery was performed Friday to correct the heart defects. 2 give, act, or show(a play, a part in a play, a piece of music, tricks, etc. esp. in the presence of the public The opera was performed in over 100 cities. Collocation: perform a studylexperiment/analysis进行一项研究实验分析 * An analysis of the survey data was performed.调查数据经过了分析 perform a task/job/duty履行任务职责 She was fired for not performing the duties outlined in her contract. $aTN 履行合同上的职责而被解雇 CF: perform conduct 这两个动词均有“做、在行动中执行任务”之意 perform指履行义务、职责或执行命令,所执行的任务一般比较困难和复杂。例如 * He wouldn' t promise what he could not perform.他不轻率许诺。 conduct指挥、实现、进行,词义接近 perform,但强调指导、领导或监督。例 如 The interview was conducted in English.面试用英语进行。 13. disclose: vt. make known(esp something that has been kept secret) publicly The Security Service is unlikely to disclose any information 他没有透露协定的细节。 He did not disclose details of the agreement. 14. advocate: vt speak in favour of; support (an idea or plan), esp publicly It's terrible that some people are now openly advocating violence. (=一些人现在公开提倡暴力,这真可怕。) They advocated state control of all public services
6 a thriving company a thriving tourist industry 11. consistency: n. the state of always keeping to the same principles or course of action * Consumer groups are demanding greater consistency in the labeling of food products. (= 消费者组织要求食品标签有更高的一致性。) * Consistency of performance depends on several factors. 12. perform: vt. 1) do; carry out (a piece of work, duty, ceremony, etc.), esp. according to a usual or established method * The operation was performed by a team of surgeons at Brooks Hospital. * Students perform increasingly difficult tasks as the course continues. * Surgery was performed Friday to correct the heart defects. 2) give, act, or show (a play, a part in a play, a piece of music, tricks, etc.), esp. in the presence of the public * The opera was performed in over 100 cities. Collocation: perform a study/experiment/analysis 进行一项研究/实验/分析 * An analysis of the survey data was performed. 调查数据经过了分析。 perform a task/job/duty 履行任务/职责 * She was fired for not performing the duties outlined in her contract. 她因不 履行合同上的职责而被解雇。 CF: perform & conduct 这两个动词均有“做、在行动中执行任务”之意。 perform 指履行义务、职责或执行命令，所执行的任务一般比较困难和复杂。例如: * He wouldn’t promise what he could not perform. 他不轻率许诺。 conduct 指挥、实现、进行，词义接近 perform，但强调指导、领导或监督。例 如: * The interview was conducted in English. 面试用英语进行。 13. disclose: vt. make known (esp. something that has been kept secret) publicly * The Security Service is unlikely to disclose any information. 他没有透露协定的细节。 (= He did not disclose details of the agreement.) 14. advocate: vt. speak in favour of; support (an idea or plan), esp. publicly * It’s terrible that some people are now openly advocating violence. (= 一些人现在公开提倡暴力，这真可怕。) * They advocated state control of all public services
15. effectively: adv. effective: adj. producing the desired result; having a pleasing effect Our training program covers a range of effective management techniques An effective teacher will always produce better exam results. 色彩的有效使用可以使一个小房间看上去大得多 (The effective use of color can make a small room look much bigger. 16. retention: n. [U] ml ability to remember things; the state or action of retaining I have a real problem with retention of information Without water retention the land becomes baked (=如果不能保留住水,土地就会变干变硬。) 17. schedule 1)n a plan of what someone is going to do and when they are going to do it She has a pretty tight schedule, but she may be able to meet you for lunch How can he fit everything into his busy schedule? 按照时间表,第一节课九点开始。 According to the schedule, the first lecture begins at 9: 00 am. Collocation: on schedule按照时间表,准时 The majority of holiday flights depart and arrive on schedule. ahead of/behind schedule提前落后于时间表 Due to the bad weather, the building work was already behind schedule 2) vt plan that something will happen at a particular time Monday's performance is scheduled to start at 7: 30 pl can attend Ive scheduled a meeting for tomorrow. I hope everyone the elections are scheduled for june (=选举安排在六月。) Pattern be scheduled for June/Monday,etc.安排在六月/一等 be scheduled for release! publication/ completion,etc.计划发布出版完成等 be scheduled to do something计划做某事 18. polish: vt improve by practicing; make smooth, bright, and shiny by continual rubbing He polished the piano until the wood shone. Edward's essay is good, but he needs to polish it a little bit. After she had polished the furniture, she cleaned the windows 19. promote: vt. help the progress of (something); encourage or support A balanced diet promotes good health and normal development. 你听说大卫被提升了吗?
7 15. effectively: adv. effective: adj. producing the desired result; having a pleasing effect * Our training program covers a range of effective management techniques. * An effective teacher will always produce better exam results. 色彩的有效使用可以使一个小房间看上去大得多。 (= The effective use of color can make a small room look much bigger.) 16. retention: n. [U] [fml] ability to remember things; the state or action of retaining * I have a real problem with retention of information. * Without water retention the land becomes baked. (= 如果不能保留住水，土地就会变干变硬。) 17. schedule: 1) n. a plan of what someone is going to do and when they are going to do it * She has a pretty tight schedule, but she may be able to meet you for lunch. * How can he fit everything into his busy schedule? 按照时间表，第一节课九点开始。 (= According to the schedule, the first lecture begins at 9:00 am.) Collocation: on schedule 按照时间表，准时 * The majority of holiday flights depart and arrive on schedule. ahead of/behind schedule 提前/落后于时间表 * Due to the bad weather, the building work was already behind schedule. 2) vt. plan that something will happen at a particular time * I’ve scheduled a meeting for tomorrow. I hope everyone can attend. * Monday’s performance is scheduled to start at 7:30 pm. * The elections are scheduled for June. (= 选举安排在六月。) Pattern: be scheduled for June/Monday, etc. 安排在六月/周一等 be scheduled for release/publication/completion, etc. 计划发布/出版/完成等 be scheduled to do something 计划做某事 18. polish: vt. improve by practicing; make smooth, bright, and shiny by continual rubbing * He polished the piano until the wood shone. * Edward’s essay is good, but he needs to polish it a little bit. * After she had polished the furniture, she cleaned the windows. 19. promote: vt. help the progress of (something); encourage or support * A balanced diet promotes good health and normal development. 你听说大卫被提升了吗？
(e Have you heard that David's been promoted? The aim of the meeting is to promote trade between the two countries. (=这次会议的目的是促进两国间的贸易。) 20. illuminate: vt cause to understand; explain; make clear; give light to; fill (esp a room) with light A small path was illuminated by low orange lamps in the flower beds Newly discovered facts may help illuminate the culture of the aztecs(Pa 特克人) 这个报告阐明了难点 The report illuminated the difficult points The room was illuminated by candles 21. confirm: vt. give support or certainty to(a fact, belief, statement, etc. e.g. by providing more proof or by stating that something is true or correct Pll call the hotel and confirm our reservations The discovery seems to confirm that people lived here over 10,000 years Have you called to confirm your flight yet? 22. assign: vt give as a share or duty After her promotion took effect, she was assigned a research job Ive been assigned the task of looking after the new students Pattern: assign somebody to something分配某人到某岗位 Jan's been assigned to the Asian Affairs bureau assign somebody to do something分派某人做某事 Madison was assigned to investigate a balloon accident. assign somebody something分配……给某人 Assign each student a partner. 23. undertake: V take up or accept a duty or piece of work, esp one that is difficult or needs effort Two new studies have been undertaken to determine the effects of the chemicals Collocation: undertake a task/a project/research承担一项任务厂工程研究 Dr White undertook the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary 怀特博士承担了撰写综合英语辞典的任务。 Pattern undertake to do something承担做某事的任务 24. pressure: 1)n. the influence or effect of someone or something; the feeling of stressful urgency caused by the necessity of doing or achieving something
8 (= Have you heard that David’s been promoted?) * The aim of the meeting is to promote trade between the two countries. (= 这次会议的目的是促进两国间的贸易。) 20. illuminate: vt. cause to understand; explain; make clear; give light to; fill (esp. a room) with light * A small path was illuminated by low orange lamps in the flower beds. * Newly discovered facts may help illuminate the culture of the Aztecs (阿兹 特克人). 这个报告阐明了难点。 (= The report illuminated the difficult points.) * The room was illuminated by candles. 21. confirm: vt. give support or certainty to (a fact, belief, statement, etc.), e.g. by providing more proof or by stating that something is true or correct * I’ll call the hotel and confirm our reservations. * The discovery seems to confirm that people lived here over 10,000 years ago. * Have you called to confirm your flight yet? 22. assign: vt. give as a share or duty * After her promotion took effect, she was assigned a research job. * I’ve been assigned the task of looking after the new students. Pattern: assign somebody to something 分配某人到某岗位 * Jan’s been assigned to the Asian Affairs Bureau. assign somebody to do something 分派某人做某事 * Madison was assigned to investigate a balloon accident. assign somebody something 分配……给某人 * Assign each student a partner. 23. undertake: v. take up or accept (a duty or piece of work, esp. one that is difficult or needs effort) * Two new studies have been undertaken to determine the effects of the chemicals. Collocation: undertake a task/a project/research 承担一项任务/工程/研究 * Dr White undertook the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary. 怀特博士承担了撰写综合英语辞典的任务。 Pattern: undertake to do something 承担做某事的任务 24. pressure: 1) n. the influence or effect of someone or something; the feeling of stressful urgency caused by the necessity of doing or achieving something
Inflationary pressures will lead to higher prices (=通货膨胀压力会导致物价上涨。 i just can't take the pressure at work anymore. 2)vt.(try to) make (someone)do something by using strong or unfair influence; forceful influence; strong persuasion Over the next few years, Mrs. Smith was pressured into lending her son large sums of money. Pattern pressure somebody into doing something迫使某人做某事 You want to enjoy food, not to be pressured into eating the right things pressure somebody to do something迫使某人做某事 Don't feel we are pressuring you to give what you cant afford 25. motivate: vt. provide (someone) with a (strong) reason for doing something Every good teacher knows that criticism does not motivate learners I don't know what motivates people to commit such crimes He was motivated by a desire to help his fellow student. Useful Expressions 1.全优生 straight-A students 2.充分发挥 make the most of 3.学习优秀 attain academic excellence 4.首先 begin with 5.决定轻重缓急 set the priorities right 6.换言之 in other words 7.另外 in addition 8.个人偏好 personal preference 9任何时候都表现优秀 perform well at all times 10.活跃参与… be actively involved in 11.整理笔记 file the notes 12.安排时间 schedule ones time 13.安排做作业的速度 pace each assignment 14.手头的工作 the tasks at hand 15.被…压得喘不过气 be overwhelmed by… 16.复习和完善功课 review and polish one' s work 17.写下 jot down 18.在于…iein 19.同样重要 it is equally important 20.澄清疑问 clarify any doubts 21.进行实验 conduct an experiment
9 * Inflationary pressures will lead to higher prices. (= 通货膨胀压力会导致物价上涨。) * I just can’t take the pressure at work anymore. 2) vt. (try to) make (someone) do something by using strong or unfair influence; forceful influence; strong persuasion * Over the next few years, Mrs. Smith was pressured into lending her son large sums of money. Pattern: pressure somebody into doing something 迫使某人做某事 * You want to enjoy food, not to be pressured into eating the right things. pressure somebody to do something 迫使某人做某事 * Don’t feel we are pressuring you to give what you can’t afford. 25. motivate: vt. provide (someone) with a (strong) reason for doing something * Every good teacher knows that criticism does not motivate learners. * I don’t know what motivates people to commit such crimes. * He was motivated by a desire to help his fellow student. Useful Expressions 1. 全优生 straight-A students 2. 充分发挥 make the most of 3. 学习优秀 attain academic excellence 4. 首先 begin with 5. 决定轻重缓急 set the priorities right 6. 换言之 in other words 7. 另外 in addition 8. 个人偏好 personal preference 9. 任何时候都表现优秀 perform well at all times 10. 活跃参与…… be actively involved in 11. 整理笔记 file the notes 12. 安排时间 schedule one’s time 13. 安排做作业的速度 pace each assignment 14. 手头的工作 the tasks at hand 15. 被……压得喘不过气 be overwhelmed by ... 16．复习和完善功课 review and polish one’s work 17. 写下 jot down 18. 在于…… lie in 19. 同样重要 it is equally important ... 20. 澄清疑问 clarify any doubts 21. 进行实验 conduct an experiment
22.单独用功 labour on one s own 23.最后一点同样不容忽视 last but not|east 24.制定高标准 set high standards 25.不辞辛劳地… take pains to do sth Proverbs and quotations 1. If a man empties his purse into his head, no one can take it from him. 如果一个人倾其所有以求学问,那么这些学问是没有人能拿走的 2. Life is short and art is long 人生短暂,学术无涯。 3. Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man Francis Bacon, British philosopher 阅读使人充实,交谈使人机智,写作使人精确。 英国哲学家F.培根 4. Books are the quietest and most constant of friends; they are the most accessible and wisest of counselors; and the most patient of teachers C W. Eliot, former president of Harvard University 书籍是人类最宁静最永恒的朋友,也是最易接近和最具智薏的顾问,还是最有耐心 的老师。 —美国前哈佛大学校长cW.艾略特 5. What we want is to see the child in pursu it of knowledge, and not knowledge in pursuit of the child. George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist 我们希望看到孩子们追求知识,而不是知识追求孩子们 英国剧作家G.肖伯纳
10 22. 单独用功 labour on one’s own 23. 最后一点同样不容忽视 last but not least 24. 制定高标准 set high standards 25. 不辞辛劳地…… take pains to do sth. Proverbs and Quotations 1. If a man empties his purse into his head, no one can take it from him. 如果一个人倾其所有以求学问，那么这些学问是没有人能拿走的。 2. Life is short and art is long. 人生短暂，学术无涯。 3. Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. — Francis Bacon, British philosopher 阅读使人充实，交谈使人机智，写作使人精确。 ——英国哲学家 F. 培根 4. Books are the quietest and most constant of friends; they are the most accessible and wisest of counselors; and the most patient of teachers. — C. W. Eliot, former president of Harvard University 书籍是人类最宁静最永恒的朋友，也是最易接近和最具智慧的顾问，还是最有耐心 的老师。 ——美国前哈佛大学校长 C. W. 艾略特 5. What we want is to see the child in pursuit of knowledge, and not knowledge in pursuit of the child. — George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist 我们希望看到孩子们追求知识，而不是知识追求孩子们。 ——英国剧作家 G. 肖伯纳