Unit 3 Book 1 Knowing Yourself Difficult Sentences 1. People come in all shapes and sizes. They also come with distinctive personalities. How do you understand“ in all shapes and sizes”? It means people have various looks and figures. Translate the two sentences into chinese (=人有高矮胖瘦,个性也各不相同。) 2. Every person feels the same basic emotions, such as fear, happiness, anxiety and pain, yet each responds to them individually How does each person respond to these basic emotions? People respond to the same basic emotions differently. the response is decided by his/her personality. Think about some specific examples to illustrate this point. For instance, what do you do when you feel happy and what about your friend with a different personality? ( Open-ended 3. As you observe how people handle their emotions, you start to form a picture of this part of their personality What does"this part of their personality refer to? It refers to the emotional traits of personality. Paraphrase the sentence. When you see how people respond to their emotions, you begin to learn something of the emotional as pect of their personality 4. People are also different in how they relate to others What does"relate to mean? It means to have a certain relationship with What category of personality traits does this sentence refer to? It refers to the social traits of personality. 5. Usually you need to get to know a person well enough before you can discover the full depth of that person's personality How do you understand "the full depth of that person's personality"? It means what the person is truly like Can you find a traditional chinese say ing with a similar meaning to this sentence? (=路遥知马力,日久见人心。) l/12
1/12 Unit 3 Book 1 Knowing Yourself Difficult Sentences 1. People come in all shapes and sizes. They also come with distinctive personalities. How do you understand “in all shapes and sizes”? (= It means people have various looks and figures.) Translate the two sentences into Chinese. (= 人有高矮胖瘦，个性也各不相同。) 2. Every person feels the same basic emotions, such as fear, happiness, anxiety and pain, yet each responds to them individually. How does each person respond to these basic emotions? (= People respond to the same basic emotions differently. The response is decided by his/her personality.) Think about some specific examples to illustrate this point. For instance, what do you do when you feel happy and what about your friend with a different personality? (= Open-ended.) 3. As you observe how people handle their emotions, you start to form a picture of this part of their personality. What does “this part of their personality” refer to? (= It refers to the emotional traits of personality.) Paraphrase the sentence. (= When you see how people respond to their emotions, you begin to learn something of the emotional aspect of their personality.) 4. People are also different in how they relate to others. What does “relate to” mean? (= It means to have a certain relationship with.) What category of personality traits does this sentence refer to? (= It refers to the social traits of personality.) 5. Usually you need to get to know a person well enough before you can discover the full depth of that person’s personality. How do you understand “the full depth of that person’s personality”? (= It means what the person is truly like.) Can you find a traditional Chinese saying with a similar meaning to this sentence? (= 路遥知马力，日久见人心。)
6. In fact, the combination of these influences may not be the same for every person What do“ these influences” refer to? ="These influences"refer to the heredity influence and the environment influence. What can be inferred from the sentence? For different people, the two influences at work have different effects on them in the process of p 7. other aspects of personality are shaped by what goes on around a person Which kind of influence on personality does this sentence refer to? It refers to the environment influence on personality. Translate the sentence into chinese (=性格的其他特征受到周围环境的影响。) 8. Most people have at least some personality adjustments they would like to make Paraphrase the sentence. Most people would like to change some of their personality traits. What can be inferred from this sentence? The majority of people are not satisfied with their personality. Therefore they want to make some adjustments to improve it 9. Adolescence is a time for personality development, and personality is developing right along with everything else. What does"along with"mean? ( It means together with What can you learn from this sentence? As adolescents, we should take the chance to develop the personality we want to have. 10. Just as an athlete builds skills, you can build the personality you want to have, but only if you are determined to do so. What is the precondition for a person to build his/her personality He/she has to make up his/her mind to do so. Translate the sentence into chinese (=正如运动员培养技能一样,你也能建立你想要有的个性,但一定要有决心才 行。) Words and Expressions 1. combination: n. the act of combining or state of being combined
2/12 6. In fact, the combination of these influences may not be the same for every person. What do “these influences” refer to? (= “These influences” refer to the heredity influence and the environment influence.) What can be inferred from the sentence? (= For different people, the two influences at work have different effects on them in the process of personality development.) 7. Other aspects of personality are shaped by what goes on around a person. Which kind of influence on personality does this sentence refer to? (= It refers to the environment influence on personality.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 性格的其他特征受到周围环境的影响。) 8. Most people have at least some personality adjustments they would like to make. Paraphrase the sentence. (= Most people would like to change some of their personality traits.) What can be inferred from this sentence? (= The majority of people are not satisfied with their personality. Therefore they want to make some adjustments to improve it.) 9. Adolescence is a time for personality development, and personality is developing right along with everything else. What does “along with” mean? (= It means together with.) What can you learn from this sentence? (= As adolescents, we should take the chance to develop the personality we want to have.) 10. Just as an athlete builds skills, you can build the personality you want to have, but only if you are determined to do so. What is the precondition for a person to build his/her personality? (= He/She has to make up his/her mind to do so.) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (= 正如运动员培养技能一样，你也能建立你想要有的个性，但一定要有决心才 行。) Words and Expressions 1. combination: n. the act of combining or state of being combined
The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners. Pink is a combination of red and white Collocation: make a combination形成组合 a fixed combination固定搭配 in combination ( with)联合,与…合作 NB:注意该词的词性变化。它的动词形式为 combine 2. characteristic 1)n. a special and easily recognized quality of someone or something A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water Arrogance is one of his less attractive characteristics. 2)ad]. typical; representing a person's or things usual character He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm characteristic generosity (=特有的慷慨行为 CF: character, characteristic feature 这三个词作为名词都有“性格”“品质”“特征”之意。 character指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式,而且往往和品格有关。例如 * You can read a guy' s character at the first glance.你一眼就可以看出一个 人的性格。 characteristic指某物的任何方面,不涉及全局的重要性,常指有代表性的一个 侧面。常用于科技领域。例如: Longevity is an inheritable characteristic.长寿是一种可遗传的特性 feature通常指外貌的特征,娱乐广告中指特别的或附加的有吸引力的东西。例 如 * An aquiline(鹰的) nose was her best feature.鹰钩鼻是她最明显的特征 3. sum up: give a statement of the main points (of a report, a speech, a trial, etc. 教授以扼要的重述结束了报告。 ( The professor concluded the lecture by summing up I cannot find an epithet(表述词语) to sum up my feelings 4. compose 1)write something, especially a piece of music or poetry She began to compose at an early age He plays the piano beautifully, and he composes his own music 2) make(oneself) calm or tranquil Compose yourself and deal with the problems logically. (=冷静下来,并且理性地处理问题。) 3)make up(something); form(something) 3/12
3/12 * The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners. * Pink is a combination of red and white. Collocation: make a combination 形成组合 a fixed combination 固定搭配 in combination (with) 联合，与……合作 NB: 注意该词的词性变化。它的动词形式为 combine。 2. characteristic: 1) n. a special and easily recognized quality of someone or something * A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water. * Arrogance is one of his less attractive characteristics. 2) adj. typical; representing a person’s or thing’s usual character * He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm. * characteristic generosity (= 特有的慷慨行为) CF: character, characteristic & feature 这三个词作为名词都有“性格”、“品质”、“特征”之意。 character 指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往和品格有关。例如： * You can read a guy’s character at the first glance. 你一眼就可以看出一个 人的性格。 characteristic 指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，常指有代表性的一个 侧面。常用于科技领域。例如： * Longevity is an inheritable characteristic. 长寿是一种可遗传的特性。 feature 通常指外貌的特征，娱乐广告中指特别的或附加的有吸引力的东西。例 如： * An aquiline (鹰的) nose was her best feature. 鹰钩鼻是她最明显的特征。 3. sum up: give a statement of the main points (of a report, a speech, a trial, etc.) 教授以扼要的重述结束了报告。 (= The professor concluded the lecture by summing up.) * I cannot find an epithet (表述词语) to sum up my feelings. 4. compose: v. 1) write something, especially a piece of music or poetry * She began to compose at an early age. * He plays the piano beautifully, and he composes his own music. 2) make (oneself) calm or tranquil * Compose yourself and deal with the problems logically. (= 冷静下来，并且理性地处理问题。) 3) make up (something); form (something)
Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents CF: compose, comprise, constitute consist 这几个词都是动词,均有“组成”之意。 compose的主语表示事物的组成部分,宾语表示事物的整体。但在被动语态中 正好相反。例如: England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Brita in 3p 兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成大不列颠岛。 All substances are composed of a great many particles called atoms 切物质都是由大量称作原子的粒子构成的 comprise可以表示“包含”、“由…组成”之意,此时主语表示事物的整体 宾 语表示事物的组成部分;也可以表示构成”之意,此时主语表示事物的组成部 分,宾语表示事物的整体。例如: * The committee comprises ten persons.委员会由十人组成。 * Do you know how many states comprise the United States?你知道美国 是由多少个州构成的吗? constitute的主语表示事物的组成部分,宾语表示事物的整体。例如: * Seven days constitute a week.七天为一个星期。 consist是个不及物动词,与介词of一起连用,不可用于被动语态。 consist 的主语表示事物的整体,of后的宾语表示事物的组成部分。例如: * Our dinner consists of three courses only.我们的晚餐只有三道菜。 5. emotional: adj. 1)of or relating to emotion The child's bad behavior is a result of emotional problems 2) having feelings which are strong or easily made active He was very emotional; he cried when I left. NB:该词的名词形式为 emotion Collocation stir/whip up emotion(s)激发起感情 express emotion表达情感 show emotion显露出情感 suppress/contain one' s emotions抑制感情 6. anxiety: n 1)fear and worry, esp as caused by uncertainty about something The doctor's report removed all their anxieties. 他们对她的安全感到非常担忧。 (They felt strong anxiety for her safety 2)a strong wish to do something; eagerness anxiety to please (=急于取悦 Collocation 4/12
4/12 * Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. * The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. CF: compose, comprise, constitute & consist 这几个词都是动词，均有“组成”之意。 compose 的主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。但在被动语态中 正好相反。例如： * England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. 英格 兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成大不列颠岛。 * All substances are composed of a great many particles called atoms. 一切物质都是由大量称作原子的粒子构成的。 comprise 可以表示“包含”、“由……组成”之意，此时主语表示事物的整体， 宾 语表示事物的组成部分；也可以表示“构成”之意，此时主语表示事物的组成部 分，宾语表示事物的整体。例如： * The committee comprises ten persons. 委员会由十人组成。 * Do you know how many states comprise the United States? 你知道美国 是由多少个州构成的吗？ constitute 的主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。例如： * Seven days constitute a week. 七天为一个星期。 consist 是个不及物动词，与介词 of 一起连用，不可用于被动语态。consist 的主语表示事物的整体，of 后的宾语表示事物的组成部分。例如： * Our dinner consists of three courses only. 我们的晚餐只有三道菜。 5. emotional: adj. 1) of or relating to emotion * The child’s bad behavior is a result of emotional problems. 2) having feelings which are strong or easily made active * He was very emotional; he cried when I left. NB: 该词的名词形式为 emotion。 Collocation: stir/whip up emotion(s) 激发起感情 express emotion 表达情感 show emotion 显露出情感 suppress/contain one’s emotions 抑制感情 6. anxiety: n. 1) fear and worry, esp. as caused by uncertainty about something * The doctor’s report removed all their anxieties. 他们对她的安全感到非常担忧。 (= They felt strong anxiety for her safety.) 2) a strong wish to do something; eagerness * anxiety to please (= 急于取悦) Collocation:
anxiety about…对……的焦虑 There was much anxiety about the future of these theatres.人们对这些 剧院的前途忧心忡忡。 anxiety for…为.…担忧 display anxiety表现出焦虑 relieve one's anxiety消除某人的忧虑 CF: anxiety, concern worry 这三个词作为名词都有“忧虑”、“烦恼”之意。 anxiety意为“忧虑”、“担心”,往往指悬而未决或吉凶难卜的事所引起的焦虑 与紧张,也指可能即将到来的灾难和不幸所产生的怒惧与忧虑。 concern意为“关心”、“关切”、“忧虑”,往往指出于尊敬或个人利益、兴趣等 而对某事产生的关心与优虑,不是无动于衷的状态,程度较缓和。 worry意为“烦恼”、“忧虑”,指一种内心深处的忧虑,其烦躁不安与反复思量 的程度比 anxiety深,并带有强烈的个人情感色彩。 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1) Life is full of worries) 2)Everyone has of his own. anxieties 3)The Prime Minister expressed his over the postal strike. concern) nightfall.ane@rew when the mountain climbers hadn't returned by 4)Our 5)It is a to me having to leave the sick child alone in the house. worry 6)It's my for your future that makes me ask you all these questions. concern) 7. respond 1)act in answer I kicked the dog, which responded with a growL. 他对我的建议报以一笑。 He responded to my suggestion with a laugh 2) answer someone or something She responded to my letter with a phone call He responded that he had not been in the building at the time CF: answer, reply respond 这三个词作为动词都有“回答”之意。 answer所回答的内容可能是表示同意、反对或提供有关情况,在较广泛的意义 上可针对任何人所讲的话或所做的事作出反应。 repy所回答的是针对问题的陈述或声明。 respond通常指对号召、指责、请求等作出反应,也指一般口头或书面的回答 或对某人行动的反应 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary 5/12
5/12 anxiety about … 对……的焦虑 * There was much anxiety about the future of these theatres. 人们对这些 剧院的前途忧心忡忡。 anxiety for … 为……担忧 display anxiety 表现出焦虑 relieve one’s anxiety 消除某人的忧虑 CF: anxiety, concern & worry 这三个词作为名词都有“忧虑”、“烦恼”之意。 anxiety 意为“忧虑”、“担心”，往往指悬而未决或吉凶难卜的事所引起的焦虑 与紧张，也指可能即将到来的灾难和不幸所产生的恐惧与忧虑。 concern 意为“关心”、“关切”、“忧虑”，往往指出于尊敬或个人利益、兴趣等 而对某事产生的关心与忧虑，不是无动于衷的状态，程度较缓和。 worry 意为“烦恼”、“忧虑”，指一种内心深处的忧虑，其烦躁不安与反复思量 的程度比 anxiety 深，并带有强烈的个人情感色彩。 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1) Life is full of _______. (= worries) 2) Everyone has ______ of his own. (= anxieties) 3) The Prime Minister expressed his ______ over the postal strike. (= concern) 4) Our ______ grew when the mountain climbers hadn’t returned by nightfall. (= anxiety) 5) It is a ______ to me having to leave the sick child alone in the house. (= worry) 6) It’s my ______ for your future that makes me ask you all these questions. (= concern) 7. respond: v. 1) act in answer * I kicked the dog, which responded with a growl. 他对我的建议报以一笑。 (= He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.) 2) answer someone or something * She responded to my letter with a phone call. * He responded that he had not been in the building at the time. CF: answer, reply & respond 这三个词作为动词都有“回答”之意。 answer 所回答的内容可能是表示同意、反对或提供有关情况，在较广泛的意义 上可针对任何人所讲的话或所做的事作出反应。 reply 所回答的是针对问题的陈述或声明。 respond 通常指对号召、指责、请求等作出反应，也指一般口头或书面的回答 或对某人行动的反应。 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary
1)She that she would try to help him. replied 2) I asked him several questions, but he never ( answered 3)Many young people heartily to the call of the government. E responded) 4)When Tom insulted him, he with a kick. responded) 5)Our men to the enemy's fire. replied) 6)I knocked at the door, but nobod answered) 8. keep(sth )to: keep private to oneself He kept the news to himself She doesn't go out much; she likes to keep to herself (=她不常出门,喜欢自己独处。) 9. reveal: vt 1)allow to be seen Close examination revealed a crack in the vase The curtain opened, to reveal a darkened stage. 2 make known 我不能透露是谁告诉我的 ( I can't reveal who told me Teachers revealed to the press that they were going on strike. 10. influence 1)n the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of sb. or sth, or the effect itself He has a strange influence over the girl 父母对子女的影响 the influence of parents on their children) 2 person, fact, etc that exercises such power Religion has been an influence for good in her life. We are subject to many influences 2)vt have an effect on Don' t let me influence your decision What influenced you to do it? Collocation: exert influence on.对……施加影响 strengthen one's influence加强势力 under sb's influence在某人的影响下 under the influence of.在…的影响下 drive under the influence of alcohol酒后开车 outside influences外界影响 11. entertain v 6/12
6/12 1) She _______ that she would try to help him. (= replied) 2) I asked him several questions, but he never ______. (= answered) 3) Many young people ______ heartily to the call of the government. (= responded) 4) When Tom insulted him, he ______ with a kick. (= responded) 5) Our men ______ to the enemy’s fire. (= replied) 6) I knocked at the door, but nobody ______. (= answered) 8. keep (sth.) to: keep private to oneself * He kept the news to himself. * She doesn’t go out much; she likes to keep to herself. (= 她不常出门，喜欢自己独处。) 9. reveal: vt. 1) allow to be seen * Close examination revealed a crack in the vase. * The curtain opened, to reveal a darkened stage. 2) make known 我不能透露是谁告诉我的。 (= I can’t reveal who told me.) * Teachers revealed to the press that they were going on strike. 10. influence: 1) n. ① the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of sb. or sth., or the effect itself * He has a strange influence over the girl. 父母对子女的影响 (= the influence of parents on their children) ② person, fact, etc. that exercises such power * Religion has been an influence for good in her life. * We are subject to many influences. 2) vt. have an effect on * Don’t let me influence your decision. * What influenced you to do it? Collocation: exert influence on … 对……施加影响 strengthen one’s influence 加强势力 under sb.’s influence 在某人的影响下 under the influence of … 在……的影响下 * drive under the influence of alcohol 酒后开车 outside influences 外界影响 11. entertain: v
1)amuse and interest A teacher should entertain as well as teach Could you entertain the children for an hour, while I make supper? (=我做晚饭时,你能哄孩子们玩一个小时吗?) 2 give a party( for); provide food and drink(for) Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night. He does most of his entertaining in restaurants. NB:注意该词的词性变化。其名词形式为 entertainment; entertaining作为 形容词意为“有趣的”、“使人娱乐的”; entertainer是名词,意思是“专业表演 者”“提供娛乐者”。 12. at work: doing sth, in operation inflationary forces at work in the economy (=在经济领域中起作用的通货膨胀) I am at work on a new project now 13. environment: n the natural or social conditions in which people live We have to stop spoiling the environment. 不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为 An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behavior Collocation clean up the environment清理环境 improve the environment改善环境 preserve/protect the environment保护环境 pollute the environment污染环境 14. inherit: vt 1)receive something from someone who has died or moved on He's inherited a fortune from his rich uncle The new administration inherited the economic problems of the last four years. 2 derive(qualities, etc. ) from an ancestor She inherited her mother's good looks and her father's bad temper. 15. resemblance: n similarity, esp in appearance; likeness 你能看出家人之间的相似之处吗? Can you see a family resemblance?) There's a strong resemblance between the two sisters. She bears a resemblance to her mother CF: likeness, resemblance similarity 这三个词都是名词,都有“相像”、“相似”之意,在一些情况下可以通用。 likeness最普通,比 resemblance意味更强。 resemblance主要是针对外观或外在的性质而言 similarity多指物,强调性质、特色、程度的相似或类似 7/
7/12 1) amuse and interest * A teacher should entertain as well as teach. * Could you entertain the children for an hour, while I make supper? (= 我做晚饭时，你能哄孩子们玩一个小时吗？) 2) give a party (for); provide food and drink (for) * Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night. * He does most of his entertaining in restaurants. NB: 注意该词的词性变化。其名词形式为 entertainment；entertaining 作为 形容词意为“有趣的”、“使人娱乐的”；entertainer 是名词，意思是“专业表演 者”、“提供娱乐者”。 12. at work: doing sth., in operation * inflationary forces at work in the economy (= 在经济领域中起作用的通货膨胀) * I am at work on a new project now. 13. environment: n. the natural or social conditions in which people live * We have to stop spoiling the environment. 不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为。 (= An unhappy home environment can affect a child’s behavior.) Collocation: clean up the environment 清理环境 improve the environment 改善环境 preserve/protect the environment 保护环境 pollute the environment 污染环境 14. inherit: vt. 1) receive something from someone who has died or moved on * He’s inherited a fortune from his rich uncle. * The new administration inherited the economic problems of the last four years. 2) derive (qualities, etc.) from an ancestor * She inherited her mother’s good looks and her father’s bad temper. 15. resemblance: n. similarity, esp. in appearance; likeness 你能看出家人之间的相似之处吗？ (= Can you see a family resemblance?) * There’s a strong resemblance between the two sisters. * She bears a resemblance to her mother. CF: likeness, resemblance & similarity 这三个词都是名词，都有“相像”、“相似”之意，在一些情况下可以通用。 likeness 最普通，比 resemblance 意味更强。 resemblance 主要是针对外观或外在的性质而言。 similarity 多指物，强调性质、特色、程度的相似或类似
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary 1)There is great between his father and him. resemblance 2)How much is there between the two religions? similarity 3)He bears a strong to the people depicted in his play. resemblance 4)I can't see much between the two boys personalities. likeness) 16. aspect: n 1)a particular side of a many-sided state of affairs, idea, plan, etc. look at every aspect of the problem The training course covers every aspect of the job 2 the direction in which a window, room, or front of a building faces 这房子朝南。 The house has a southern aspect 3) appearance or look Her face has an angry aspect. a man of enormous size and terrify ing aspect 面目狰狞的彪形大汉) Collocation a serious aspect严重性 from an aspect从一个方面 in an aspect在一方面 a grim aspect严厉的外貌 17. circumstance: n [ usu pl ] a fact, condition, or event concerned with and influencing another event, person, or course of action 如果情况允许,工作从星期一开始。 ( Work will begin on Monday if circumstances permit in easylpoor circumstances (=处于富裕穷状况) Collocation: in/ under no circumstances决不;无论如何都不 * Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.你无论如何都 不该把钱借给他。 in/under the circumstances既然这样;在这种情况下 She coped well in the circumstances, e. g. even though she was feeling Ⅲl她在这种情况下仍处理得当(如虽然身体不适)。 18 surround: v. be or go around on every side He likes to surround himself with beautiful things 监狱的四周都是高墙。 (The prison is surrounded by a high wall.)
8/12 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1) There is great _______ between his father and him. (= resemblance) 2) How much ______ is there between the two religions? (= similarity) 3) He bears a strong ______ to the people depicted in his play. (= resemblance) 4) I can’t see much ______ between the two boys’ personalities. (= likeness) 16. aspect: n. 1) a particular side of a many-sided state of affairs, idea, plan, etc. * look at every aspect of the problem * The training course covers every aspect of the job. 2) the direction in which a window, room, or front of a building faces 这房子朝南。 (= The house has a southern aspect.) 3) appearance or look * Her face has an angry aspect. * a man of enormous size and terrifying aspect (= 面目狰狞的彪形大汉) Collocation: a serious aspect 严重性 from an aspect 从一个方面 in an aspect 在一方面 a grim aspect 严厉的外貌 17. circumstance: n. [usu. pl.] a fact, condition, or event concerned with and influencing another event, person, or course of action 如果情况允许，工作从星期一开始。 (= Work will begin on Monday if circumstances permit.) * in easy/poor circumstances (= 处于富裕/贫穷状况) Collocation: in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不 * Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都 不该把钱借给他。 in/under the circumstances 既然这样；在这种情况下 * She coped well in the circumstances, e.g. even though she was feeling ill. 她在这种情况下仍处理得当（如虽然身体不适）。 18. surround: v. be or go around on every side * He likes to surround himself with beautiful things. 监狱的四周都是高墙。 (= The prison is surrounded by a high wall.)
19. impact: n 1)the strong effect that something has on something else er new idea made a great impact in the offic The new computer has made quite an impact on us. 2 the force of one object hitting another the impact of a collision (=碰撞产生的冲击) 20. affect: vt 1)have an influence on(sb /sth ) produce an effect on The change in climate may affect your health The tax increases have affected us all 2 cause(sb. to have feelings of sadness or sympathy; touch We were deeply affected by the news of his death CF: influence affect 这两个词作为动词都有“影响”之意。 influence指通过劝说、催促、举例或行动等间接途径对人的思想、品质、行为 或对其成长等产生影响,也可表示对一种形势局面的左右。这种影响可以是好 的,也可以是坏的,但经常是不易察觉的,是潜移默化的。 affect指通过某事物本身直接显现影响,具有某种促进因素,足以引起人或事物 的反应。当其宾语是人时,常表示心智或情感上的波动,以及健康情况的变化 这种影响多为消极的,通常是能够察觉到的 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. change the form where necessary. 1)Smoking health. affects) 2)The weather crops.influences 3The judge was never in his decision by his sympathies or prejudices. influenced) 4) Tom's being demoted from corporal(下士) to private(士兵) seriously his income. affected) 21. secure: adj. 1)safe; protected against danger or risk a castle secure from attack a secure job 2)closed, firm, or tight enough for safety 离开房子之前要把窗户关紧。 Make the windows secure before leaving the house a climber needs secure footholds Collocation: secure against/from免受…(侵害等)的 secure against attack免受攻击的 * secure from danger没有危险 9/12
9/12 19. impact: n. 1) the strong effect that something has on something else * Her new idea made a great impact in the office. * The new computer has made quite an impact on us. 2) the force of one object hitting another * the impact of a collision (= 碰撞产生的冲击) 20. affect: vt. 1) have an influence on (sb./sth.); produce an effect on * The change in climate may affect your health. * The tax increases have affected us all. 2) cause (sb.) to have feelings of sadness or sympathy; touch * We were deeply affected by the news of his death. CF: influence & affect 这两个词作为动词都有“影响”之意。 influence 指通过劝说、催促、举例或行动等间接途径对人的思想、品质、行为 或对其成长等产生影响，也可表示对一种形势局面的左右。这种影响可以是好 的，也可以是坏的，但经常是不易察觉的，是潜移默化的。 affect 指通过某事物本身直接显现影响，具有某种促进因素，足以引起人或事物 的反应。当其宾语是人时，常表示心智或情感上的波动，以及健康情况的变化。 这种影响多为消极的，通常是能够察觉到的。 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1) Smoking _______ health. (= affects) 2) The weather ______ crops. (= influences) 3) The judge was never ______ in his decision by his sympathies or prejudices. (= influenced) 4) Tom’s being demoted from corporal (下士) to private (士兵) seriously ______ his income. (= affected) 21. secure: adj. 1) safe; protected against danger or risk * a castle secure from attack * a secure job 2) closed, firm, or tight enough for safety 离开房子之前要把窗户关紧。 (= Make the windows secure before leaving the house.) * A climber needs secure footholds. Collocation: secure against/from 免受……（侵害等）的 * secure against attack 免受攻击的 * secure from danger 没有危险
secure in在……方面是牢固的 secure in ones beliefs坚守自己的信仰 secure about对…放心的 * He feels secure about his future.他对自己的前途感到放心。 22 harmful: adj causing or likely to cause harm A few late nights are harmful to your health 吸烟的害处 ( the harmful effects of smoking 23 exert: vt use strength or skills in a determined way for a particular purpose My wife's been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my jo He exerted all his influence to make them accept his plan Collocation: exert all one,'s strength使出全身力气 exert influence on.对……施加影响 exert pressure on…给…压力 exert oneself努力;尽力 他不必为我费那么大力气。 He doesn't have to exert himself on my behalf. You'll have to exert yourself more if you want to pass your exam. 24 satisfy: V 1)give(sb. ) what sb wants, demands or needs; make contented She's not satisfied with anything but the best. Some people are very hard to satisfy. 2)fulfill(a need, desire, etc ) do enough to meet (a requirement, etc satisfy sb.s hunger/demands/curiosity (=解饿合要求满足好奇心 She has satisfied the conditions for entry into the college 3)give sb. proof, information, etc. convince sb My assurances don't satisfy him; he's still skeptical. 25. along with: together with 他把一本地图册和其他书堆在一起 He packed an atlas along with other books. Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol Useful Expressions 1.基因构成 genetic make-up 2.思考,考虑 reflect on
10/12 secure in 在……方面是牢固的 * secure in one’s beliefs 坚守自己的信仰 secure about 对……放心的 * He feels secure about his future. 他对自己的前途感到放心。 22. harmful: adj. causing or likely to cause harm * A few late nights are harmful to your health. 吸烟的害处 (= the harmful effects of smoking) 23. exert: vt. use strength or skills in a determined way for a particular purpose * My wife’s been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job. * He exerted all his influence to make them accept his plan. Collocation: exert all one’s strength 使出全身力气 exert influence on … 对……施加影响 exert pressure on … 给……压力 exert oneself 努力；尽力 他不必为我费那么大力气。 (= He doesn’t have to exert himself on my behalf.) * You’ll have to exert yourself more if you want to pass your exam. 24. satisfy: v. 1) give (sb.) what sb. wants, demands or needs; make contented * She’s not satisfied with anything but the best. * Some people are very hard to satisfy. 2) fulfill (a need, desire, etc.); do enough to meet (a requirement, etc.) * satisfy sb.’s hunger/demands/curiosity (= 解饿/符合要求/满足好奇心) * She has satisfied the conditions for entry into the college. 3) give sb. proof, information, etc.; convince sb. * My assurances don’t satisfy him; he’s still skeptical. 25. along with: together with 他把一本地图册和其他书堆在一起。 (= He packed an atlas along with other books.) * Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol. Useful Expressions 1. 基因构成 genetic make-up 2. 思考，考虑 reflect on