Unit 8 Honesty:Is It Going out of Style I.Teaching Aims 1.Enlarge the students'vocabulary by leamning the new words and doing the vocabulary exercises. 2.Help the studentsto get the general idea of the article 3.Help the students to build up their language skills through more exercises on oral practice,phrases and expression,grammar,writing,ete. II.Key and Difficult Points 1.New Words and Phrases Be faced with,be hard on,on the rise,corresponding,a case in point,in the case of, come to bad ends,reinforce,at one's best,ebb and flow,tend to,tempt,contagious 2.Sentences (1)It can be argued such a response may not mean much. (2)Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating (3)Students who said they'd left theirs in the dorm or at home had a mug shot taken. (4)Surprisingly.some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating-a person feel"they don't trust me anyway,"and be tempted to"beat the system” III.Teaching Methods Discussion,explanation,ask and answe IV.Time:4 periods V.Teaching Procedures:
Unit 8 Honesty: Is It Going out of Style I. Teaching Aims 1. Enlarge the students’ vocabulary by learning the new words and doing the vocabulary exercises. 2. Help the students to get the general idea of the article. 3. Help the students to build up their language skills through more exercises on oral practice, phrases and expression, grammar, writing, etc. II. Key and Difficult Points 1. New Words and Phrases Be faced with, be hard on, on the rise, corresponding, a case in point, in the case of, come to bad ends, reinforce, at one’s best, ebb and flow, tend to, tempt, contagious 2. Sentences （1） It can be argued such a response may not mean much. （2） Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating. （3） Students who said they’d left theirs in the dorm or at home had a mug shot taken. （4） Surprisingly, some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating — a person feel “they don’t trust me anyway,” and be tempted to “beat the system”. III. Teaching Methods Discussion, explanation, ask and answer IV. Time: 4 periods V. Teaching Procedures:
Step one Introduction 1.Warm-up questions: Give the students the following topics to discuss and then ask them to answer these questions (1)Have you ever cheated on exams or thought of cheating on exams?What are the reasons? (2) What doyou think of cheating on exams? (3) Do you think honesty is going out of style?Why or Why not? 2.Background Information (1)Polls of public opinion A public opinion poll is a method of learning what people think and how they feel about a wide variety of subjects. The first poll of public opinion was conducted in 1824 in the US.In the early 20th century public opinion polls began using statistical sampling techniques.After the Second World War and particularly in the 1960s the popularity of the opinion polls grew.One of the best-known is the Gallup Poll-a poll of public opinion on a major political or social issue,developed by George H.Gallup,an American statistician. Two methods of sampling are practiced by the polls,random and quota sampling. The former consists in selecting persons to be interviewed at random.Quota sampling involves selecting a sample of people which is representative of the population in terms ofage,occupation,sex,region and so on. (2)State Regents'examinations In the state of New York,the Department of Education requires that high school students take year-end examinations in science,math,and language subjects.A regent is a member of a board appointed to govern educational institutions.In New York,the regents make out these required examinations.The regents'exam does not replace the final examination.It is a secure test,meaning that other than the regents themselves. no one,not even the teachers,is supposed to see the examinations prior to their
Step one Introduction 1. Warm-up questions: Give the students the following topics to discuss and then ask them to answer these questions. (1) Have you ever cheated on exams or thought of cheating on exams? What are the reasons? (2) What do you think of cheating on exams? (3) Do you think honesty is going out of style? Why or Why not? 2. Background Information (1) Polls of public opinion A public opinion poll is a method of learning what people think and how they feel about a wide variety of subjects. The first poll of public opinion was conducted in 1824 in the US. In the early 20th century public opinion polls began using statistical sampling techniques. After the Second World War and particularly in the 1960s the popularity of the opinion polls grew. One of the best-known is the Gallup Poll — a poll of public opinion on a major political or social issue, developed by George H. Gallup, an American statistician. Two methods of sampling are practiced by the polls, random and quota sampling. The former consists in selecting persons to be interviewed at random. Quota sampling involves selecting a sample of people which is representative of the population in terms of age, occupation, sex, region and so on. (2) State Regents’ examinations In the state of New York, the Department of Education requires that high school students take year-end examinations in science, math, and language subjects. A regent is a member of a board appointed to govern educational institutions. In New York, the regents make out these required examinations. The regents’ exam does not replace the final examination. It is a secure test, meaning that other than the regents themselves, no one, not even the teachers, is supposed to see the examinations prior to their
administration.The exams are mostly multiple choice questions,though students may be required to write a short essay or solve math problems.A score of 65 is required to pass theexam,the top score being 100. (3)Income taxes The US has had income tax laws since 1913.Income tax is a tax on the wages, salaries,profits,interest and rent received by a taxpayer within a definite period of time.In the US approximately one quarter of a middle class family's eamings goes to the goverment through the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)in the form of taxes;in Great Britain about one third ofa middle class family's income goes to taxes. (④Competency tests Competency tests are used to determine whether or not a person possesses a certain skill to do something.as opposed to a proficiency test which determines how well a person can do something.A competency test is a pass/fail test,the point being not to achieve an exceptional score.but merely to pass it.Usually a competency test is set in reading and basic math computations,not in all subject areas.Sometimes students must pass competency tests at the end of each academic year to let the school authorities determine whether they are capable of doing work at their grade level. Recently a growing number of states in the US are requiring students to pass a competency test before receiving a high school diploma;if one fails the test,one receives a high school certificate which amounts to little more than a statement that one attended school. Step Two Global reading Give the students 10 minutes to read the text as quickly as they can,and ask them to think about these questions in the process of reading. 1.Questions (1)What percentage of American high school students have confessed to cheating on exams according to a recent poll?Why does the author say such a response may not amount to much? (2)Why have the professor given up the traditional term paper requirement?
administration. The exams are mostly multiple choice questions, though students may be required to write a short essay or solve math problems. A score of 65 is required to pass the exam, the top score being 100. (3) Income taxes The US has had income tax laws since 1913. Income tax is a tax on the wages, salaries, profits, interest and rent received by a taxpayer within a definite period of time. In the US approximately one quarter of a middle class family’s earnings goes to the government through the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the form of taxes; in Great Britain about one third of a middle class family’s income goes to taxes. (4) Competency tests Competency tests are used to determine whether or not a person possesses a certain skill to do something, as opposed to a proficiency test which determines how well a person can do something. A competency test is a pass / fail test, the point being not to achieve an exceptional score, but merely to pass it. Usually a competency test is set in reading and basic math computations, not in all subject areas. Sometimes students must pass competency tests at the end of each academic year to let the school authorities determine whether they are capable of doing work at their grade level. Recently a growing number of states in the US are requiring students to pass a competency test before receiving a high school diploma; if one fails the test, one receives a high school certificate which amounts to little more than a statement that one attended school. Step Two Global reading Give the students 10 minutes to read the text as quickly as they can, and ask them to think about these questions in the process of reading. 1. Questions (1) What percentage of American high school students have confessed to cheating on exams according to a recent poll? Why does the author say such a response may not amount to much? (2) Why have the professor given up the traditional term paper requirement?
(3)What did the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland do to discourage cheating？ (4)How did the students a the University of Maryland respond to the measure taken by the Department of Psychology? (5)Are the stories about Lincoln and Washington true?Where does the author think lies the importance of both stories? (6)What is a watch-dog committee?How does the author explain why there are so many of them at all levels of society? (7)How,according to the author,is dishonesty linked to the economy? (8)Do you agree with the author that dishonesty has something to do with distrust? Give your reasons? 2.Introductory Remarks Tests,properly used,may serve to measure how good our academic performance is.But these days,tests seem to function as a measure of our test-taking ability, especially as far as standardized tests are concemed.This may be one of the reasons why students don't feel very comfortable when they are sitting for a test It is estimated that 61%of American high school students have admitted cheating on exams at least once,and cheating is also considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities.Likewise,signs of dishonesty in business and government seem much more numerous in recent years than before.Does all this go to prove tha honesty is going out of style in American society?Now let's take up this article to see how the author looks into this problem. Step Three Detailed study Explain the important and difficult points in the text,including the usage of new words and phrases,structure of complex sentences and relevant grammar. 1.It can be argued such a response may not mean much. (1)Meaning:Some people may have a good reason to say that such a response from high school students may not be significant
(3) What did the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland do to discourage cheating? (4) How did the students at the University of Maryland respond to the measure taken by the Department of Psychology? (5) Are the stories about Lincoln and Washington true? Where does the author think lies the importance of both stories? (6) What is a watch-dog committee? How does the author explain why there are so many of them at all levels of society? (7) How, according to the author, is dishonesty linked to the economy? (8) Do you agree with the author that dishonesty has something to do with distrust? Give your reasons? 2. Introductory Remarks Tests, properly used, may serve to measure how good our academic performance is. But these days, tests seem to function as a measure of our test-taking ability, especially as far as standardized tests are concerned. This may be one of the reasons why students don’t feel very comfortable when they are sitting for a test. It is estimated that 61%of American high school students have admitted cheating on exams at least once, and cheating is also considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities. Likewise, signs of dishonesty in business and government seem much more numerous in recent years than before. Does all this go to prove that honesty is going out of style in American society? Now let’s take up this article to see how the author looks into this problem. Step Three Detailed study Explain the important and difficult points in the text, including the usage of new words and phrases, structure of complex sentences and relevant grammar. 1. It can be argued such a response may not mean much. (1) Meaning: Some people may have a good reason to say that such a response from high school students may not be significant
(2)Structure: It can be argued(that)money may not bring your happiness. It can be argued(that)success in exams may not mean much. 2.After all,most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor's test paper. Be face with:be confronted with,meet face to face e.g.Now we are faced with a very difficult situation Face with such a rival,he has little chance of winning. 3.And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. be hard on:be stem or strict with;be an unjust or unlucky burden on对.过分严厉 e.g.Don't be too hard on the child. It's hard on John,having to work when the rest of us are vacationing. 4.However,there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise on the rise:increasing增加，增长 e.g.The number of students in our school is on the rise. The sales volume of the new products has been on the rise since the manager advertised them on TV. 5.And many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead toa corresponding rise in cheating. Corresponding:a.matching or connected with sth you have just mentioned符合的， 相应的，相关的 e.g.Profits have risen by15%compared with the corresponding period last year. When you delete this table,all corresponding relations will be deleted as well. 6.A case in point is students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations. a case in point:a fit example恰当的例子 e.g.An average student can be a top student with additional work.Cathy is a case in point
(2) Structure: It can be argued (that) money may not bring your happiness. It can be argued (that) success in exams may not mean much. 2. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper. Be face with: be confronted with, meet face to face 面对 e.g. Now we are faced with a very difficult situation. Face with such a rival, he has little chance of winning. 3. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. be hard on: be stern or strict with; be an unjust or unlucky burden on 对…过分严厉 e.g. Don’t be too hard on the child. It’s hard on John, having to work when the rest of us are vacationing. 4. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise. on the rise: increasing 增加，增长 e.g. The number of students in our school is on the rise. The sales volume of the new products has been on the rise since the manager advertised them on TV. 5. And many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. Corresponding: a. matching or connected with sth you have just mentioned 符合的， 相应的，相关的 e.g. Profits have risen by15% compared with the corresponding period last year. When you delete this table, all corresponding relations will be deleted as well. 6. A case in point is students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations. a case in point : a fit example 恰当的例子 e.g. An average student can be a top student with additional work. Cathy is a case in point
Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden.A case in point is Chicago. 7.Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating Meaning:to do more than talk means"to do something instead of talking" 8.Students who said they'd left theirs in the dorm or at home had a mug shot taken. (l)“Mug”is a slangy word for“face”,as in the sentence“You have got an ugly mug. (2)“have+object+-v.ed”指的是别人做，而不是主语自身做。 e.g Ihad my hair cut I have my shoes repaired 9..the intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word." (1)Meaning:..the intention is not to catch all of the cheats,but to catch a sufficient number of them for the purpose of giving a warning to other students:if a few are caught,the other students will hear about it and be deterred from cheating. (2)Translate this part into Chinese 这一运动的目的并不是要捉拿所有的人，而是抓住足够的作弊者以便把信息 传开去。 10.But in the case of Lincoln,the story is true. in the case of:so far as someone or something is concemed就.来说，至于 e.g.Poverty depressed most people;but in the case of my father it only urged him to work harder. We can't make an exception in the case of Mary. They read stories that taught moral values.Such stories pointed out quite clearly that children who lied,cheated,or stole came to bad ends. come to a bad end:come to some misfortune,esp.to an unpleasant death e.g.You will surely come to a bad end ifyou keep driving so carelessly. Ifyou don't give up crime,you'll come to a bad end. 11.Parents may have further reinforced those values
Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden. A case in point is Chicago. 7. Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating. Meaning: to do more than talk means “to do something instead of talking.” 8. Students who said they’d left theirs in the dorm or at home had a mug shot taken. (1) “Mug” is a slangy word for “face”, as in the sentence “You have got an ugly mug.” (2) “have+object+v.ed” 指的是别人做，而不是主语自身做。 e.g. I had my hair cut. I have my shoes repaired. 9. …the intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word.” (1) Meaning: …the intention is not to catch all of the cheats, but to catch a sufficient number of them for the purpose of giving a warning to other students: if a few are caught, the other students will hear about it and be deterred from cheating. (2) Translate this part into Chinese. 这一运动的目的并不是要捉拿所有的人，而是抓住足够的作弊者以便把信息 传开去。 10. But in the case of Lincoln, the story is true ... in the case of: so far as someone or something is concerned 就…来说，至于 e.g. Poverty depressed most people; but in the case of my father it only urged him to work harder. We can’t make an exception in the case of Mary. They read stories that taught moral values. Such stories pointed out quite clearly that children who lied, cheated, or stole came to bad ends. come to a bad end: come to some misfortune, esp. to an unpleasant death 遭报应 e.g. You will surely come to a bad end if you keep driving so carelessly. If you don’t give up crime, you’ll come to a bad end. 11. Parents may have further reinforced those values
reinforce:vt.strengthen加强 e.g.More troops were sent to reinforce the fortress. Most modern buildings are made of reinforced concrete. 12.Perhaps this tells us that people need to know one another to be at their honest best. (l)at one's best:in one's best condition or state在最佳状态 e.g To see this part of the countryside at its best,you need to come in April He acted in all kinds of plays,but he was at his best in comedy. at their honest best:at their best as far as honesty is concerned (2)This sentence tells us that People need to know one another well if they are to treat one another as honestly as possible. 13.There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow. Ebb and flow (of Sb/sth):the repeated,often regular,movement from one state to another涨落，起伏，消长 e.g.She was suffering a mysterious ebb and flow of mood. Watching the magnificent view of the ebb and flow of the tides fills me with an inner contentment that I find nowhere else. 14.And when times get better such incidents tend to go down. tend to:be aptto,have a tendency to倾向 e.g.Farmers tend to use more machinery now. Children tend to like action movies. 15.Surprisingly,some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating-a person feel"they don't trust me anyway,"and be tempted to beat the system” (I)）tempt:v. I)persuade(sb.)to dosth.wrong or foolish引诱，诱惑 e.g.He tried to tempt me to cheat on the examination. The serpent tempted Eve to eat the forbidden fruit. 2)attract吸引：诱导
reinforce: vt. strengthen 加强 e.g. More troops were sent to reinforce the fortress. Most modern buildings are made of reinforced concrete. 12. Perhaps this tells us that people need to know one another to be at their honest best. (1) at one’s best: in one’s best condition or state 在最佳状态 e.g. To see this part of the countryside at its best, you need to come in April. He acted in all kinds of plays, but he was at his best in comedy. at their honest best: at their best as far as honesty is concerned (2) This sentence tells us that People need to know one another well if they are to treat one another as honestly as possible. 13. There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow. Ebb and flow (of Sb/sth): the repeated, often regular, movement from one state to another 涨落， 起伏，消长 e.g. She was suffering a mysterious ebb and flow of mood. Watching the magnificent view of the ebb and flow of the tides fills me with an inner contentment that I find nowhere else. 14. And when times get better such incidents tend to go down. tend to: be apt to; have a tendency to 倾向 e.g. Farmers tend to use more machinery now. Children tend to like action movies. 15. Surprisingly, some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating — a person feel “they don’t trust me anyway,” and be tempted to “beat the system”. (1) tempt : v. 1) persuade (sb.) to do sth. wrong or foolish 引诱，诱惑 e.g. He tried to tempt me to cheat on the examination. The serpent tempted Eve to eat the forbidden fruit. 2) attract 吸引；诱导
e.g.The warm sun tempted us to go out. I feel tempted to eat more than is good for my health. (2)Q:What does"beat the system"mean? A:It means to defeat or get the upper hand of the system. (3)Q:When can a person"beat the system"? A:If one cheats and receives a good grade without doing the work required for it, one can"beat the system" 16.Distrust can be contagious.But,so can trust! Contagious:a I)easily diffused or spread as from one person to another感染的 e.g.Nothing is so contagious as enthusiasm. 2)of disease)capable of being transmitted by infection传染的 e.g.People with contagious diseases should be isolated Step Four:Post-reading 1.Main idea of the text The text is an argumentative writing in style.The author presents sufficient evidence of valid reasons,examples,strong contrasts,etc.to support his idea that dishonesty is increasing in America,but honesty is still an important part of the national character. 2.Structure Part1(Para.1-3) Cheating may be on the rise Part 2(para.4-5) Actions taken and reaction. Part3 (Para.6-11) Reactions:Why there was less cheating in "the good old days"? Part4 (Para.12-15)the possible reasons why dishonesty is on the rise and the way to decrease cheating
e.g. The warm sun tempted us to go out. I feel tempted to eat more than is good for my health. (2) Q: What does “beat the system” mean? A: It means to defeat or get the upper hand of the system. (3) Q: When can a person “beat the system”? A: If one cheats and receives a good grade without doing the work required for it, one can “beat the system”. 16. Distrust can be contagious. But, so can trust! Contagious: a 1) easily diffused or spread as from one person to another 感染的 e.g. Nothing is so contagious as enthusiasm. 2) of disease) capable of being transmitted by infection 传染的 e.g. People with contagious diseases should be isolated . Step Four: Post-reading 1. Main idea of the text The text is an argumentative writing in style. The author presents sufficient evidence of valid reasons, examples, strong contrasts, etc. to support his idea that dishonesty is increasing in America, but honesty is still an important part of the national character. 2. Structure Part1 (Para.1-3) Cheating may be on the rise. Part 2 (para.4-5) Actions taken and reaction. Part3 (Para. 6-11) Reactions: Why there was less cheating in “the good old days”? Part4 (Para. 12-15) the possible reasons why dishonesty is on the rise and the way to decrease cheating
3.Words and expressions V.Homework 1.Memorize the new words and phrases in the text. 2.Do exercises on p196-205 3.Leam the text inReading Activity"by yourself. 4.Write a paragraph of 120-150 words analyzing some of causes of cheating in schools and ways to solve the problem. VI.References 1.College English Intensive Reading 2,Zhai Xiangjun(ed.).Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2006. 2.College English Intensive Reading 2,(Teacher's Book),Zhang Zengjian(ed.), Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2006 3.Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary (6h edition),Oxford university press&The Commercial Press,2004. 4.大学英语语法.薄冰主编。山西：山西教育出版社，2006. 5.大学英语实用语法讲解与练习.任福洪等主编。北京：因防工业出版社 2004
3. Words and expressions V. Homework 1. Memorize the new words and phrases in the text. 2. Do exercises on p196-205 3. Learn the text in “Reading Activity” by yourself. 4. Write a paragraph of 120-150 words analyzing some of causes of cheating in schools and ways to solve the problem. VI．References 1. College English Intensive Reading 2, Zhai Xiangjun(ed.), Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006. 2. College English Intensive Reading 2, (Teacher’s Book), Zhang Zengjian(ed.), Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006. 3. Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary（6 th edition）, Oxford university press﹠The Commercial Press, 2004. 4. 大学英语语法. 薄冰 主编. 山西：山西教育出版社，2006. 5. 大学英语实用语法讲解与练习. 任福洪等主编. 北京：国防工业出版社， 2004
