Unit 2 Deer and the Energy Cycle I.Teaching Aims 1.Get Ss to know the energy cycle and instruct them to observe the animal's living instinct in orderto value the natural resource leam about food-energy-life-death. 2.About the text,Ss should grasp the text content,text structure,basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words:tendency,rate,area,plentiful,possessions,currency,scarce,ample,drowsy, fundamental,accumulate,internal,hence Phrases Expressions:to meet the needs.turn of mind,convert into Grammar:P38 3.About the reading.Ss should leam broadening eye span 4.About the writing.Ss should leam how to write out the topic sentence 5.About the listening,Ss finish the Unit 2 directed by teacher. II.Key and Difficult Points III.Teaching Methods Discussion,explanation,ask and answer IV.Time:4 periods V.Teaching procedures: Step one Introduction these questions 1)What do you think life depends on? Money.love.or something else? 2)Where does energy come from? Food,spirit,God, 3)What happens to life there is no food,orsource of energy? 4)Are there any ways to cut back on our energy use? 2.Background Information (1)Deer There are about 100 different kinds of deer.Some live in grasslands.Others live in forests.The female deer becomes pregnant anually in late autu producingon to three young in late spring or early summer.The normal lifespan is 15 to 20 years. (2)Energy Crisis energy crisis refers to a critical shortage in the supply of energ -producing fuels such as gas,oil,and coal.During the early 1970's,the demand for petroleum
Unit 2 Deer and the Energy Cycle I. Teaching Aims 1. Get Ss to know the energy cycle and instruct them to observe the animal’s living instinct in order to value the natural resource; learn about food-energy-life-death. 2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section. Words: tendency, rate, area, plentiful, possessions, currency, scarce, ample, drowsy, fundamental, accumulate, internal, hence Phrases & Expressions: to meet the needs, turn of mind, convert into Grammar: P38 3. About the reading, Ss should learn broadening eye span. 4. About the writing, Ss should learn how to write out the topic sentence 5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 2 directed by teacher. II. Key and Difficult Points 1. New Words and Phrases 2. Complex Sentences III. Teaching Methods Discussion, explanation, ask and answer IV. Time: 4 periods V. Teaching procedures: Step one Introduction 1. Warm-up questions: Give the students the following topics to discuss and then ask them to answer these questions. 1) What do you think life depends on? Money, love, or something else? 2) Where does energy come from? Food, spirit, God, or what? 3) What happens to life there is no food, or source of energy? 4) Are there any ways to cut back on our energy use? 2. Background Information (1) Deer There are about 100 different kinds of deer. Some live in grasslands. Others live in forests. The female deer becomes pregnant annually in late autumn, producing one to three young in late spring or early summer. The normal lifespan is 15 to 20 years. (2) Energy Crisis Energy crisis refers to a critical shortage in the supply of energy-producing fuels, such as gas, oil, and coal. During the early 1970’s, the demand for petroleum
increased sharply and western countries depended heavily on imported supplies The situation ame worse during theArab-s aeli War of 1973,whe the Arab natio reduced i production and embargoed oil shipments to the United tates and othe countries that supported Israel,causing an acute energy shortage in these countries during the winter of 1973 to 1974. (3)Ecological System (Ecosystem) A system is made up of a group of living oranisms and their physical em.A pond,a lake,a forest r an ocear may be an ecosystem.An ecosystem includes such factors as food supply,weather and natural enemies. Any change in environment has far-reaching effects on living things.The clearing of a forest,for example,may drive away birds and affect drainage () Without birds to keep harmful ins under con rol insects multiply k rain water,erosion may set in and ruin farmland 3.Introductory Remarks Life depends on energy.All human beings eat food and make use of the chemical Calling the covstem Pro Moet is nether money nor love bu makes the world go round. However,our energy sources are limited and,to make matters worse,we are rapidly using up our energy supplies.It is extremely important therefore that we conserve these upplies so as to nake them last as long ossible n this article Prof. describes in great detai e sea sonal life of deer and the various means by which they survive the hard winter.When he concludes by saying"it is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter,"he is actually leading us to the question:If deer can do that,why not we human beings? Step Two Global reading Give the students 10 minutes to read the text as quickly as they can,and ask them to think about these questions in the process of reading. 1 Multiple choices P33 2 Answer the questions P34 3. Sean the text and discuss in pairs,list the facts about the life of deer in four sea asons. 4.Structure of the Text Para.1 It is energy,not love or money,that makes the world go round Para.2-9 Take the deer as an example to explain the life of wild animals round the year and how they can survive during the hard times in winter. Para.10-11 Life depends onenergy,thus the cycle continues. Step Three Detailed study
increased sharply, and Western countries depended heavily on imported supplies. The situation became worse during the Arab-Israeli War of 1973, when the Arab nations reduced oil production and embargoed oil shipments to the United States and other countries that supported Israel, causing an acute energy shortage in these countries during the winter of 1973 to 1974. (3) Ecological System (Ecosystem) A system is made up of a group of living organisms and their physical environment, and the relationship between them. A pond, a lake, a forest or an ocean may be an ecosystem. An ecosystem includes such factors as food supply, weather and natural enemies. Any change in environment has far-reaching effects on living things. The clearing of a forest, for example, may drive away birds and affect drainage (排水). Without birds to keep harmful insects under control, the insects multiply and may do serious damage to crops. Without trees to hold back rain water, erosion may set in and ruin farmland. 3. Introductory Remarks Life depends on energy. All human beings eat food and make use of the chemical energy in it, as so all other animals. Calling energy the currency of the ecosystem, Prof. Moen argues that it is neither money nor love but energy that makes the world go round. However, our energy sources are limited and, to make matters worse, we are rapidly using up our energy supplies. It is extremely important therefore that we conserve these supplies so as to make them last as long as possible. In this article Prof. Moen describes in great detail the seasonal life of deer and the various means by which they survive the hard winter. When he concludes by saying “it is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter,” he is actually leading us to the question: If deer can do that, why not we human beings? Step Two Global reading Give the students 10 minutes to read the text as quickly as they can, and ask them to think about these questions in the process of reading. 1. Multiple choices P33 2. Answer the questions P34 3. Scan the text and discuss in pairs, list the facts about the life of deer in four seasons. 4. Structure of the Text Para. 1 It is energy, not love or money, that makes the world go round. Para. 2-9 Take the deer as an example to explain the life of wild animals round the year and how they can survive during the hard times in winter. Para.10-11 Life depends on energy, thus the cycle continues. Step Three Detailed study
Explain the important and difficult points in the text,including the usage of new words and phrases,structure of complex sentences and relevant gramma 1.Others of a less romantic and more practical tum of mind say that it isn't love; it's money. (1)What does the sentence mean? Other people who are more practical say that it is money not love that makes the orld go around 另些并界罗受为重实际的人则说，不是受情而是金钱。 2.Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy,which in tum is used to seek more food to grow,to reproduce and tosurviv (1)convert into 1)change into e.g.One last effort converted defeat into victory. The hotel has been converted into an office building 2)cause(a person)to change his beliefs,etc. They have cor verted to Bud (2)Translate th 能量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变为能量，能量再用来获取更多的食物以 供生长、繁殖和生存，生命才成为可能。 3.It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as s they c can du ring times of ple ty,the and fall.strin the excess then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce (1)excess:n. 1)the part that is more than necessary An exc ofenthusiasm is not alw a good thing An excess of fat in one's diet can heart diseas 2)going beyond the normal or accepted limits Luggage in excess of 100 kg will be charged extra. 3)behavior that goes too far,violence He drinks to excess Pattern:in excess of超过to excess过度，过量 (2)reserve n.1)sth.kept for later use e.g.To make full use of vast reserves of talent is of great importance. 2)apiece of land kept fora(stated)purpose ys and regulat are made to protect the wildlifereserves keep for special purpos These seats are reserved for special guests (3)What does“"the times of plenty”mean? the rmn
Explain the important and difficult points in the text, including the usage of new words and phrases, structure of complex sentences and relevant grammar. 1. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn’t love; it’s money. (1) What does the sentence mean? Other people who are more practical say that it is money not love that makes the world go around. (2) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 另一些并不那么罗曼蒂克而更为注重实际的人则说，不是爱情，而是金钱。 2. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. (1) convert into 1) change into e.g. One last effort converted defeat into victory. The hotel has been converted into an office building. 2) cause (a person) to change his beliefs, etc. They have converted to Buddhism. (2) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 能量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变为能量，能量再用来获取更多的食物以 供生长、繁殖和生存，生命才成为可能。 3. It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce. (1) excess: n. 1) the part that is more than necessary An excess of enthusiasm is not always a good thing. An excess of fat in one’s diet can lead to heart disease. 2) going beyond the normal or accepted limits Luggage in excess of 100 kg will be charged extra. 3) behavior that goes too far; violence He drinks to excess. Pattern: in excess of 超过 to excess 过度，过量 (2) reserve n．1) sth. kept for later use e.g. To make full use of vast reserves of talent is of great importance. 2) a piece of land kept for a (stated) purpose e.g. Laws and regulations are made to protect the wildlife reserves. vt. keep for special purpose These seats are reserved for special guests. (3)What does “the times of plenty” mean? When there are plenty of food supply, such as summer and fall. (4) What is the grammatical function of “eating …, storing …, and
then using”? They are paralleled phrases ued as objects 5)Ta不多众所】 09 野生动物得以年复一年地生存下去，主要依靠在夏秋生长 旺季尽量多吃，将多余的部分以脂肪的形式储存起来，然后到了冬天食物稀少的 艰难时期，就用这些储备的脂肪来维持生命。 4.Agood case in point is the white-tailed dee (1)a good e in poi a good example of what is being talked abou e.g.He is rather selfish.His unwillingness to help his brother is a good case in point (2)Meaning:A good example of what is being talked about is the white-tailed deer. 5.A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of food fo the y energy y not only to meet her (1)conceive:vi. 1)become pregnant with(young) e.g.Our first child was conceived in March and born in December. 2)forr e.g.We ne (2)What does"a physically mature female deer in good condition"mean in this sentence It refers to a healthy and adult or fully- grown deer (3)What is the grammatical function of“not only to…but also to.…y These two infinitive phrases are used as adverbials of purpose (4)Translate 只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这 时，它必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而 且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。 6.This is good timing.be ase milk production is an energy consuming process it requires a o of food Meaning:It is well-chosen time.because producing milk is a process of using up energy and it also needs a lot of food. 7 Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat for the winter. (1)deposit put or store for safe keeping.keep(money)ina bank e.g.She had just deposited a large sum of money in her account (2)What does“high quality food”referto2 "High quality food"here refers to nutritious food -food containing many of the 和鹿都继续进食高质量食物，贮存体内脂肪，以备过冬 8.Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow. (1)draw on:make use of:secure funds from
then using …” ? They are paralleled phrases used as objects of preposition “by”. (5) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 差不多众所周知，野生动物得以年复一年地生存下去，主要依靠在夏秋生长 旺季尽量多吃，将多余的部分以脂肪的形式储存起来，然后到了冬天食物稀少的 艰难时期，就用这些储备的脂肪来维持生命。 4. A good case in point is the white-tailed deer. (1) a good case in point: a good example of what is being talked about e.g. He is rather selfish. His unwillingness to help his brother is a good case in point. (2) Meaning: A good example of what is being talked about is the white-tailed deer. 5. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. (1) conceive: vt. 1) become pregnant with (young) e.g. Our first child was conceived in March and born in December. 2) form (an idea, plan, etc.) in the mind; think of; imagine e.g. We never conceived that there are such beautiful lakes until we came here. (2) What does “a physically mature female deer in good condition” mean in this sentence? It refers to a healthy and adult or fully-grown deer. (3) What is the grammatical function of “not only to … but also to …”? These two infinitive phrases are used as adverbials of purpose. (4) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这 时，它必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而 且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。 6. This is good timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process — it requires a lot of food. Meaning: It is well-chosen time, because producing milk is a process of using up energy and it also needs a lot of food. 7. Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat for the winter. (1) deposit: vt. put or store for safe keeping; keep (money) in a bank e.g. She had just deposited a large sum of money in her account. (2)What does “high quality food” refer to? “High quality food” here refers to nutritious food － food containing many of the substances needed for life and growth. (3) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 在秋天，雄鹿和雌鹿都继续进食高质量食物，贮存体内脂肪，以备过冬。 8. Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow. (1) draw on: make use of; secure funds from
e.g.His latest novel draws heavily on his experience in the army The government decided to draw on its gold reserves to get over the financial crisis 9.The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes cold (1)Why is it so? Hair becomes the longest and thickest by November and December so as to protect them from the coldness of the winter. (2)Translate the sentence into Chinese 毛皮的变化通常持续到九月。到十一月或十二月天气变冷时，毛长得最厚。 10.But in addition,nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winte Meaning:Deer have another natural means of protection against the threat of the cold winter. 11....an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism,or rate of bodily functioning,and hence slows down their expenditure of energy. (1)What are the signs of"ar n intemal hysiologica The deer becomes somewhat slow and drowsy.The heart rate drops (2)Iranslate the sentence into Chinese 体内生理机能作相应调节，放慢新陈代谢，即生理活动的速度，从而降低能量的 消耗。 12."Drive only when neces we were told."Put on more clothes to stay warm,and turn the thermo ostat on your furnace down (1)Why should people drive only when necessary? The United States is called a country on wheels.Before the “energy crisis of 1973-1974,gasoline was very cheap in the U.S.and Americans used to drive whether it wa ring thea co ast-to-c or a short trip to o the stor ner.D risis” ga any people walked,biked or skated to work. (2)What is a thermostat?Why should people turn the thermostat down? The thermostat is an appliance used to heat a house.By turning the thermostat on one's furnace down,one can save electricity (energy)and money as well. (3)Translate the sent ce into chines 多穿衣服好保暖，并请调低锅炉上的恒温器。 13.But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for several weeks.then the deer must spend more energy to move about,food will be harder to find,and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through pullthrough:survive or help(sb.)survive a period of danger or crisis We collected some money to pu him and his s family throug Finally the company was compelled to ask for a loan from the bank to pull through. IV.Summary 1.Main idea of the text
e.g. His latest novel draws heavily on his experience in the army. The government decided to draw on its gold reserves to get over the financial crisis. 9. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes cold. (1) Why is it so? Hair becomes the longest and thickest by November and December so as to protect them from the coldness of the winter. (2) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 毛皮的变化通常持续到九月。到十一月或十二月天气变冷时，毛长得最厚。 10. But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter — Meaning: Deer have another natural means of protection against the threat of the cold winter. 11. … an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slows down their expenditure of energy. (1) What are the signs of “an internal physiological response”? The deer becomes somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. (2)Translate the sentence into Chinese. 体内生理机能作相应调节，放慢新陈代谢，即生理活动的速度，从而降低能量的 消耗。 12. “Drive only when necessary,” we were told. “Put on more clothes to stay warm, and turn the thermostat on your furnace down.” (1)Why should people drive only when necessary? The United States is called a country on wheels. Before the “energy crisis” of 1973 - 1974, gasoline was very cheap in the U.S. and Americans used to drive everywhere, whether it was a coast-to-coast journey or a short trip to the store round the corner. During the “crisis” gasoline was rationed and many people walked, biked or skated to work. (2) What is a thermostat? Why should people turn the thermostat down? The thermostat is an appliance used to heat a house. By turning the thermostat on one’s furnace down, one can save electricity (energy) and money as well. (3) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 多穿衣服好保暖，并请调低锅炉上的恒温器。 13. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find, and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through. pull … through: survive or help (sb.) survive a period of danger or crisis We collected some money to pull him and his family through. Finally the company was compelled to ask for a loan from the bank to pull through. IV. Summary 1. Main idea of the text
Wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can in summe and fall,,(以脂肪的形式储存多余的食物)S s in the fo orm of fat n use theirs ored fat to food is scarce.But,even with their(脂肪储备)stored fat/fat reserves,wild animal spend less energy to live in winter than in summer..(一个恰当的例子)A good case in point is the white-.tailed deer..In summer,.after they(生下小鹿)have given birth to D咖sicaly mafur female deer mus以search for(处手生长旺，期可转换成能量一 in plants which can be onverted into enerav.beca se milk 个消耗能量的过程)an energv-consuming proce Both ma an fema continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to(储存冬季可利用的体内脂肪) deposit body fat which can be drawn on in winter.As fall turns into winter,hair on all the deer becomes thicker,.which(提供了一个外部保护层)provides an rd to help on,and to(降低能量消耗)slow down their expenditure of energy by lowering their metabolism.If the winter has deep snow,which means the deer has to spend more energy to(四处走走)move about they must then be(更多地依靠脂肪储备来度过难 more dependent on fat reserves to pull through.even if some small and weak dee die in the freezing winter,their bodies become food for other life forms. )In the case of energy crisis we still can pull through by following the deer deer grow winter coat of hair while we can (多穿衣服保暖)put on more clothes to stay warm;deer(降低新陈代谢水平) lower their metabolism while we can tur the thermostat on the fumace down. 2.Words and Expressions V.Homework 1.Memorize the new words and phrases in the text. 2 Do exercises on p35-42 3.Leam the text inReading Activity"by you urself 4.Write a composition on the topic How to Solve the Energy Crisis. VI.References 1.College English Intensive Reading 4,LinYinhua(ed.),Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press 2006 2.College English Intensive Reading 4,(Teacher's Book),Zhang Zengjian(ed.) Sha oreign anguage Ed 5,20 06 university press&The Commercial Press,2004. 4.大学英语语法.薄冰主编.山西：山西教育出版社，2006. 5.大学英语实用语法讲解与练习.任福洪等主编.北京：国防工业出版社， 2004 6.实用英语语法.张道真.北京：外语教育与研究出版社.2002
Wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can in summer and fall, (以脂肪的形式储存多余的食物) storing the excess in the form of fat , and then use their stored fat to survive (冬季的艰难时期) the hard times in winter when food is scarce. But, even with their (脂肪储备) stored fat / fat reserves, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer. (一个恰当的例子) A good case in point is the white-tailed deer. In summer, after they (生下小鹿) have given birth to fawns, physically mature female deer must search for (处于生长旺期，可转换成能量 的植物) growing plants which can be converted into energy, because milk production is (一个消耗能量的过程) an energy-consuming process. Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to (储存冬季可利用的体内脂肪) deposit body fat which can be drawn on in winter . As fall turns into winter, hair on all the deer becomes thicker, which (提 供 了 一 个 外 部 保 护 层)provides an external safeguard to help deer to survive the winter. In addition, and most important of all, deer have (一种内部生理反应) an internal physiological response which helps to (降低能量消耗) slow down their expenditure of energy by lowering their metabolism. If the winter has deep snow, which means the deer has to spend more energy to (四处走走) move about they must then be(更多地依靠脂肪储备来度过难 关) more dependent on fat reserves to pull through. Even if some small and weak deer die in the freezing winter, their bodies become food for other life forms. (至于能 源危机) In the case of energy crisis, we still can pull through by following the deer: deer grow a winter coat of hair while we can (多穿衣服保暖)put on more clothes to stay warm; deer (降低新陈代谢水平) lower their metabolism while we can turn the thermostat on the furnace down. 2. Words and Expressions V. Homework 1. Memorize the new words and phrases in the text. 2. Do exercises on p35-42 3. Learn the text in “Reading Activity” by yourself. 4. Write a composition on the topic How to Solve the Energy Crisis. VI．References 1. College English Intensive Reading 4, LinYinhua(ed.), Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006. 2. College English Intensive Reading 4, (Teacher’s Book), Zhang Zengjian(ed.), Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006. 3. Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary（6 th edition）, Oxford university press﹠The Commercial Press, 2004. 4. 大学英语语法. 薄冰 主编. 山西：山西教育出版社，2006. 5. 大学英语实用语法讲解与练习. 任福洪等主编. 北京：国防工业出版社， 2004. 6.实用英语语法. 张道真.北京：外语教育与研究出版社. 2002